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Regulation of Cathepsin D Activity and Activation
Máša, Martin ; Mareš, Michael (advisor) ; Jonáková, Věra (referee) ; Holada, Karel (referee)
PhD Thesis ABSTRACT REGULATION OF CATHEPSIN D ACTIVITY AND ACTIVATION Martin Máša supervisor: Michael Mareš Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Charles University Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic PRAGUE 2009 Introduction Cathepsin D (CD) is an aspartic peptidase located in the lysosomes of all mammalian cells, its main role is catabolic degradation of proteins. More over CD is known to participate in a range of physiological processes such as apoptosis and tissue homeostasis, as well as in the regulation of angiogenesis and the production of peptidic antigens. The role of CD in pathophysiology is associated with several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, which is generally considered to be the most common form of dementia. Progression of this disease is accompanied with the deposition of amyloid plaques (AP) in the brain, which leads to neurodegeneration. The AP is a fragment released from amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaved by secretases1 . High levels of CD were found in cerebrospinal fluid of the Alzheimer's patients2 . It was demonstrated that CD is able to cleave APP and produce the pathogenic AP. A genetic polymorphism in the CD gene was reported, which changes...
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Legal regime of communal waste disposal
Pečeňová, Veronika ; Sobotka, Michal (advisor) ; Drobník, Jaroslav (referee)
Legal regulation of Municipal Waste Management The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the national legislative frameworks on municipal waste management. The reason for my research is based on the fact that waste volumes are growing, driven by changing production and consumption patterns. As confirmed in the Sixth Environment Action Programme, waste management is one of the key priorities of EU environmental policy and the framework in this area has been progressively put in place since 1970s. EU waste policy is instrumental for determining the potential outcomes to be achieved, but country-level policies determine the actual outcome. EU allows each Member State to tailor policies to its own particular circumstances. Waste management choices depend on the existing waste management facilities, infrastructure and governance structures. Although household waste represents a relatively small percentage of the total amount of waste produced it is a highly significant proportion because it contains large quantities of organic waste which can cause pollution problems, as well as materials such as glass and plastics which do not break down easily. The options for dealing with municipal waste are described in the "waste hierarchy" - with those towards the top of the list more desirable than those towards the...
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The Prohibition of Discrimination as a Legal Problem in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights
Dolejšová Kabelová, Kristýna ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Hubálková, Eva (referee) ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (referee)
The Prohibition of Discrimination as a Legal Problem in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights JUDr. Kristýna Dolejšová Kabelová This dissertation thesis is focused on the examination of the prohibition of discrimination in the European system of the protection of human rights as based on the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamentals Freedoms (hereinafter referred to it as the "European Convention"). The European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter referred to as the "European Court"), in its role as a component of this system of protection, acts as an international judicial organ that reviews individual applications concerning an alleged breach of the European Convention by a Member State. In the area of the protection of human rights such prohibition of discrimination is based on the fundamental principle of equality, and constitutes an integral part of all important international instruments for the protection of such rights, and of the modern national legal orders of states. Inevitably, however, the legal systems of modern-day states are built upon distinctions, categorizations and classifications inherent to their societies, creating unintentional opportunities for discrimination. The problem of the prohibition of discrimination consists in delimiting the...
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Mammalian circadian clock in peripheral organs, molecular mechanism and entrainment
Polidarová, Lenka ; Kuthan, Martin (referee) ; Sumová, Alena (advisor)
Mammalian circadian clock in peripheral organs, molecular mechanism and entrainment The circadian system controls timing of behavioral and physiological processes in most organisms. In mammals, central oscillator is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. Apart from the SCN, peripheral oscillators are located in numerous organs like liver, heart, lung, muscle, intestine etc. The central and peripheral oscillators need to be synchronized by external cues (Zeitgeber). The SCN coordinates and entrains the phase of the clocks in numerous peripheral tissues via neuronal and humoral signals. For the SCN, dominant synchronizer is external light-dark cycle. Peripheral oscillators are cell-autonomous, they could work also independently of the SCN as a consequence of a feeding cycle. The basic molecular core clock mechanism responsible for generating circadian rhythms in the central and peripheral clocks is composed of transcriptional/translational feedback loops between the clock genes and their protein products. The aim of the present thesis was to ascertain whether the clock gene and protein expressions exhibit circadian rhythms in the rat intestine and whether the core clock mechanism drives expression of a cell cycle regulator rWee1. Next aim was to reveal how the circadian...
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Legal Aspects and Practical Consequences of the Conformity Assessment - CE Conformity Marking
Cervanová, Iva ; Boháček, Martin (advisor) ; Vavrečka, Jan (referee)
The topic of my diploma thesis is removing the technical barriers of the trade of goods via harmonization of the essential requirements on the products -- mainly the legal aspects and practical consequences of the conformity assessment and the CE conformity marking. The goal of my thesis is firstly to find out what the main objective of the CE marking is and whether it really fulfills its role. Secondly, I want to find out how the process of conformity assessment looks like in practice. Thirdly I want to find out how the market surveillance is organized and how effective it is. My thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter depicts the situation as it had been before the marking was introducted. The second describes the statutory regulation of the CE marking system. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the process of the conformity assessment. The fifth chapter is about the market surveillance. The final sixth chapter explores problems that are related to the CE marking system.
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Development of administrative justice
Canóová, Michaela ; Chvátalová, Iva (advisor) ; Žák, Květoslav (referee)
Bachelor's Thesis deals with a development of administrative justice. The first part of the paper defines the term of administrative justice in general and then describes various types. The second part is focused on the history of administrative justice in our country. The third part describes the current legislation in the Czech Republic. The fourth section is entirely devoted to the Supreme Administrative Court. Define the function and organization at first and then there are analyzed specific examples of it's case law.
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Legal protection of civil aviation
Hervertová, Klára ; Moravec, Tomáš (advisor) ; Fireš, Adam (referee)
This thesis deals with aviation law. The aim was to bring the most significant changes that have occurred in the Czech national air law as a result of the Czech Republic accession to the European Union. The work is divided into five chapters. The first chapter provides general information about the air transport, its history, sources and principles of aviation law. Then are mentioned basic forms of legislative regulation of air transport-international contract and international aviation agreement. Following section contains a list of the most important international organizations in the field of air transport. The fourth chapter deals with the legal status of passengers, emphasis is placed on their rights and obligations during air transport. This section also contains legislative adjustments of transport of luggage and distinguishing between the three basic types of travel classes. In the final chapter is characterized the European Aviation Law, its main objectives, mentioning the EU cooperation with third countries in the field of air transport. The conclusion is devoted to the EU's approach to the protection of passengers and its comparison with the approach of Czech Airlines.
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The Influence of the Indigenous Movements on International Position of the Latin American States
Procházka, Michal ; Volenec, Otakar (advisor) ; Kochan, Jan (referee)
The main theme of the thesis is the influence of the ascending indigenous movement on the international position of the states Bolivia and Peru. Based on the analysis of internal changes and through comparison of both countries from the perspective of the international environment, the work tries to answer whether the international environment reflects these internal changes or not. For comparison are used the attitudes of regional economic and political partners, as well as USA and European Union and four non-governmental organizations. The work contains the history of indigenous peoples in the territory of Bolivia and Peru, the internal changes under the government of Evo Morales in Bolivia and APRA government in Peru.
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Management of a film festival and its specifics
Gabrielová, Alžběta ; Hanzlík, Jan (advisor) ; Horný, Stanislav (referee)
This Master thesis explores the area of film festivals. The first section describes the film festivals and their categorization. For a better comprehension of the issues part of the work is dedicated to the general and Czech history of film festivals. The work is focused on the interest groups and their impact on the functioning of film festivals. The current situation is analyzed through a selected case of the International Film Festival Karlovy Vary. All program activities are analyzed. The work describes the processes that take place during the organization of the film festival and also explores its internal and external conditions. It presents the structure of the organization team and summarizes responsibilities of its positions.
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Strategy planning of IQFF Mezipatra
Mladá, Michaela ; Hanzlík, Jan (advisor) ; Blinka, Roman (referee)
The thesis aims to identify strengths and threats of the International Queer Film Festival Mezipatra using methods of strategic analysis and qualitative research and then propose a course of action in future years. The theoretical part focuses on the description of the structure of the festival, the specifics of non-profit organizations and also characterizes the selected strategic analysis procedures. In the practical part I analyze the festival through the steps of strategic analysis and also use informal talks with members of the organizing staff and my own experience with executive positions at the festival and outline the current status of activities and further direction for the festival.
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