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Are scouts really more honest?
Sedlická, Monika ; Zajíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Tříska, Dušan (referee)
Using two experiments, where children either rolled dice or solved a matrix task, we examined whether scouts are more honest than non-scouts. In the first experiment, participants completed a matrix task. The papers were then shredded, and participants self-reported the number they had correctly solved. After analysing the results, we found that 10.81 % of scouts and 13.04 % of non-scouts lied. This difference, between the honesty of scouts and non-scouts, was not statistically significant. There was no perceived effect from being scout on the individual's honesty, as well as from taking the scout promise, or years of experience in a scout organization on the scout's honesty. In the second experiment, participants rolled the dice privately. According to value rolled, participants could either take (1, 2, 3), or leave (4, 5, 6), a Kinder chocolate reward. Statistically, participants would be expected to take the reward 50 % of the time. This was the case for the scouts group, the results did not differ statistically from 50:50, but not for the non-scouts. However, the difference between scouts and non-scouts was not statistically significant, indicating that there is no significant difference in honesty between scouts and non-scouts. Thus, our hypothesis that scouts are more honest than non-scouts was not supported.
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Neuroeconomics: The analysis of consumer behavior and perception of TV spots
Červenka, Petr ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
The thesis deals with the detailed study of two television commercials of an unnamed energy company. The aim of this work is to determine whether people's subjective evaluation is similar or different to values that were detected during the measurement, after viewing each commercial and in subsequent in-depth interviews. A sample of 24 respondents, who participated in the research, represented the composition of the economically active population in the Czech Republic. These were people of various ages, a combination of educational attainment and an evenly balanced gender ratio. Neurological measurement was done through an eye camera, brain responses were measured using electroencephalography (EEG), and changes in heart rate, skin resistance and body temperature were measured by photoplethysmography. The resulting data ispresented in graphs indicating emotional polarity and activity. The results show that respondent's verbal evaluation of their perception of ads is not necessarily identical with the values that are measured by the devices. The thesis concludes by recommending how to successfully target the so-called end user who uses the services of the company.
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Eseje o ekonomii a managementu: Aplikace behaviorálních věd v organizacích
Houdek, Petr ; Smrčka, Luboš (advisor) ; Belás, Jaroslav (referee) ; Šťastný, Daniel (referee)
The thesis consists of four conceptual articles focused on application of theories and findings of behavioral economics and behavioral ethics in the sphere of managerial science (What Comes to a Manager's Mind: Theory of Local Thinking; A Perspective on Consumers 3.0: They Are Not Better Decision-Makers Than Previous Generations; Professional Identity and Dishonest Behavior; Puppet Master: Possible Influence of Parasite Toxoplasma gondii on Managers and Employees). The thesis contains introductory unifying commentary that deals with the replication crisis in management science and then speculates on the possibilities of behavioral organization economics. Introductory commentary contains also a summary of the main ideas presented in the conceptual articles and complementary empirical studies listed in the Appendix.
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Business Plan
Havránek, Lukáš ; Dombek, Petr (referee) ; Veselý, Josef (advisor)
The Bachelor’s thesis aims to provide necessary information for successful expansion of GrowJOB institute to Austria. Since 2006 GrowJOB has been educating CEOs and other executives of Czech companies in the field of competitiveness and been helping them grow stronger among their competitors. In the thesis I describe theoretical background of business plan creation and analyze both internal and external environment. Then I focus on individual steps of the expansion and provide a detailed financial plan as well. The most robust competitive cutting edge of the company is that it takes advantage of new scientific findings in the field of decision-making processes (behavioral economics, neuroeconomics) and brings them to everyday life of firms.
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Analysis of Youth Smoking Behavior
Horvát, David ; Melzochová, Jitka (advisor) ; Čermáková, Klára (referee)
This thesis focuses on an explanation of youth smoking on the basis of basic demographic indicators and family background. The analysis also includes behavioral economics concepts: discounting and over-optimism. Data were obtained by original survey. For an analysis of smoking of youth and rate of discounting are used logit models. Impact of factors is interpreted by marginal effects at the mean. One of the most important findings is that adding one more year to father´s education decreases probability of offspring´s smoking from 32 % to 27 % and adding one more year to mother´s education increases probability of offspring´s smoking from 32 % to 38 % ceteris paribus. Improving performance in school decreases probability of youth smoking. Variable smoker is not significant in models explaining discount rate of future free time and health. Thesis confirmed connection of over-optimism and discounting.
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Overoptimism - implications for law and economics
Lišková, Adéla ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Stroukal, Dominik (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on one of the behavioral biases - optimism bias or overoptimism - which existence is documented in findings of behavioral economics. The thesis introduces behavioral economics as an economic movement criticizing neoclassical economic theory, put oveoptimism in the broader context of its findings and further demonstrates the consequences of overly optimistic expectations in selected areas of human decision-making which deals with the economic analysis of law in contrast to the conclusions which can be arrived by assuming rational agent. In the context of approach of Chicago Law and Economics, based on neoclassical economic theory, and by assuming a perfectly competitive market, the thesis concludes that while in case of rationality the maximum efficiency is achieved by internalization of externalities, overoptimism cause a deviation from the optimum even if externalities are internalized.
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The influence of the IKEA effect on a value of good
Sedlická, Monika ; Vokoun, Marek (advisor) ; Nikolovová, Pavla (referee)
In 4 experiments in which students assembled IKEA boxes, built LEGO-like construction sets and folded origami I demonstrate and examine the IKEA effect, which is defined as consumers' willingness to pay more for self-created products than for identical products made by others. I show that their increased valuation is led by the feelings of competence associated with self-created products and that affirming consumers sense of self decreases the value one derives from his creations. I found that students value more their labor only when labor results in successful completion of task regardless of whether they are "do-it-yourselfers" or not. I did not observe the IKEA effect in particular case of origami.
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Are Czechs superstitious or the effect of Friday the 13th in accidents on Czech highways
Koucká, Lucie ; Hronza, Martin (advisor) ; Rod, Aleš (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to find out whether Friday the thirteenth as a chosen representative of the superstition has an influence to the number of traffic accidents in the Czech Republic. The hypothesis that is being verified is that on Friday the thirteenth, drivers will be more cautious resulting in less accidents. Based on the five year long time series the model is estimated using the ordinary least squares with robust standard errors where the endogenous variable is daily number of car accidents. The exogenous variables are Friday the thirteenth, the public holidays, the precipitation, the average daily temperatures and the gas prices. The "Friday the thirteenth" variable turned out as statistically non-significant. Based on the results of the econometric analysis we can reject the hypothesis of this thesis. This conclusion was further confirmed by the results of the survey conducted.
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Hledání spojitosti - použití kvantitativní textové analýzy ke zhodnocení vlivu textu na výsledky grantových programů
Valeš, Miroslav ; Bruckner, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ircing, Pavel (referee)
Since software and hardware is well available for automated text analysis and since a large data that describes real projects submitted to grant program is opened up, there is a possibility to follow phenomena of behavioral economics and psycholinguistics which evidence particularities in textual descriptions may be statistically associated with a reader's behavior or with a reader's decision-taking, which, in this case, involves an influence on final allocation of grant funds. The thesis uses forenamed areas as a starting-point and also employs quantitative indicators from the field of forensic linguistics in order to perform a computer-aided quantitative text analysis. The main goal is to evaluate from correlation perspective, if there in real operational programmes were present any associable relationships between the quantitative features of a proposed project's textual description and the amount of grant allocated to a project. The thesis is divided into four chapters, where it introduces basis, describes analyzed data and used methods, comments on made analyses and found relations, and all the performed research is summarized and evaluated in the last chapter.
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