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Vybraná předložková skupina jako polyfunkční prostředek vyjádření syntaktických funkcí a sémantických významů (předložka za s akuzativem substantiv)
Hrstková, Klára ; Janovec, Ladislav (referee)
We selected a prepositional group consisting of the preposition za and of a substantive in an accusative form as an example to deal with the task of distinguishing between different adverbial syntactical functions expressed by a morphologically homonymous form. First, we demonstrated the multifunctionality of the analysed form on some motivation examples and summed up the description of the form in the most substantial syntaxes of Czech language and in other related works. We realised that the typology of relevant adverbials is inconsistent in many points. Secondly, we acquired a data set of 1591 occurrences of the selected form from the Prague Dependency Trcebank and we used 548 of them for our detailed analysis. We compared our observations with the information collected from the related works and we described eleven adverbial types with different meanings presented by the form za + accusative. Providing as accurate definitions as possible, we made an effort to eliminate existing inconsistency in the adverbial typology. We suggested establishing new adverbial types in some cases - adverbial of representation, adverbial of countervalue - or to separate a new subtype - adverbial of compromise. We also suggested some modifications of the temporal adverbial subtypes system. Finally, we formulated automatic,...
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Relationship between the central bank and commercial banks
Haasová, Eva ; Bakeš, Milan (advisor) ; Kohajda, Michael (referee)
Relations of the Central bank to Commercial banks This thesis deals with the relations among the central bank and commercial banks laying emphasize on the situation in the Czech Republic. The aim of this thesis is to characterize and analyze relations among the Czech National Bank and commercial banks, to evaluate them and suggest possible legislative improvements to strengthen the stability of banking institutions and thus the entire economy. In the beginning of the thesis the basic terms are defined. Then the types of relations among the central bank and commercial banks are described. The thesis is due to the wide number of emerging relations among the central bank and commercial banks focused mainly on relations associated with entrance into the banking sector, on the proper functioning of banks and on the relations associated with their extinction. The main part of the thesis is logically divided into another three parts. The first part describes the mechanism of granting banking licenses and the possibility of foreign institutions's establishment in the Czech banking market. Huge attention is dedicated to the unique bank license concept. In the second part there are described the most important conditions that are necessary for the banking sector to run properly. Most of this section is...
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The Idea of "The Chosen Nation" in Late Middle Ages
Hartmann, Zdeněk ; Nejedlý, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Pavel (referee)
This thesis examines the thought of Joan of Arc for categories of identity paving the way to modern nationalism. The underlying model for this undertaking is Ernst Kantorowicz's theory of the increasing depersonalization or abstractness of power. With this model as a guide, this thesis proposes a set of categories of identity on which the process of change put forward by Kantorowicz can be tracked. The thesis then classifies, against this backdrop, the individual categories as either progressive, i. e. abstract, or concrete, i. e. dependent on the older ideas of power and kingship, arguing that the concrete categories may be associated with the principles of popular mentality as described by Aron Gurevich. It turns out, however, that clear-cut criteria distinguishing concrete and abstract categories are difficult to establish and, at the end of the day, we have to settle for a simplifying and not entirely satisfactory classification. The analytical part of the thesis then examines what instances of categories of identity can be found in the minutes of the interrogation of Joan of Arc. The overwhelming majority of these categories of identity, it turns out, fall under the 'concrete' label. Such a result seems to correspond very well with the Gurevichian idea of difference, although by no means an absolute...
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Virtual Gold Farming
Šmolík, Filip ; Skuhrovec, Jiří (advisor) ; Ivanková, Kristýna (referee)
At the end of 20th century new branch of computer games was developed - MMORPGs (Massive Multi Player Online Role Playing Games). This thesis deals with new phenomenon connected with them - RMT(Real Money Trade), which consists of selling virtual (in-game) currencies for real currencies (mainly US dollar nad euro). Demand side of this business is constituted by players of MMORPGs, supply side consists of so-called gold farmers. Thesis itself is focused on key variable of RMT - exchange rate between real a virtual currency. With help of theoretical model it is demonstrated that the exchange rate affects player's decisions related with RMT. Then it is shown, which variables have impact on exchange rate itself and there is described one of the possible sources of disturbances - operator of MMORPG. Operator's updating policy is analyzed and in empirical part some updates are chosen and it is demonstrated that they affect exchange rate in accordance with previous established theory.
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RAF members from Melnik region
Dvořák, Martin ; Václavů, Lubor (advisor) ; Skopek, Robert (referee)
The aim of my bachelor's thesis titled "RAF members from Melník region during the Second World War" is to describe the activity of Mělník natives in Royal Air Force. While this is the central point the thesis follows the subjects since they crossed the borders of Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, as well as their other journeys that led them either through Poland or France. The beginning of the thesis provides rather general introduction focused on the outbreak of the Second World War, the activity of Czechoslovak aviators in Poland and France, and eventually depicts the establishment of Czechoslovak air squadrons in Britain. Each Mělník native is then further analyzed within individual chapters where I describe their life and war experiences.
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Preparation of X. tropicalis recombinant growth factors and their characterization in testicular tissue culture.
Borecká, Marianna ; Krylov, Vladimír (advisor) ; Drobná Krejčí, Eliška (referee)
In our Laboratory of Developmental Biology there was established a long term culture derived from Xenopus tropicalis testes. It contains pre-Sertoli cells mostly. They compose a feeder layer allowing cultivation of stem cells, revealing the morphology of spermatogonial stem cells. This diploma thesis was focused on a preparation of two growth factors, FGF2 (fibroblast growth factor 2) and GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor), with the subsequent characterization of their influence at cell culture mentioned above. Factors were selected on the basis of the microenvironmental niche theory, according which FGF2 and GDNF are the most important factors for spermatogonial stem cells proliferation and self-renewal. FGF2 recombinant factor was gained using the expression plasmid pET-15b. Its characterization in the testicular culture brought surprising result. Even a low concentration of FGF2 factor (2.5ng/ml) caused cell detaching and dying. Similar result was previously shown in differentiating osteoblast culture only. More experiments need to be done to prove if apoptose take place and why do testicular cells act this way. Key words: Xenopus tropicalis, FGF2, GDNF, SSC, pre-Seroli cells
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Ultrastructure of eustigmatophycean algae
Fišerová, Melánie ; Němcová, Yvonne (advisor) ; Hyliš, Miroslav (referee)
In 1971, the algal class Eustigmatophyceae, Stramenopiles, was detached by Hibberd and Leedale from the class Xanthophyceae, Stramenopiles, on the basis of prominent ultrastructural differences in vegetative cells and more importantly in zoospores, such as the presence of big extraplastidial stigma. The class was divided into four families, six genera and twelve species. It seems so far, that there is a deep dichotomy within the class. Eliáš et al. (unpublished) recom- mend to establish two orders based on molecular sequencing of 18S rDNA and rbcL: Eustigmatales (sen- su Eustigmatophyceae described by Hibberd) and Goniochloridales (order containing Goniochloris, Pseu- dostaurastrum and undescribed relatives). The order Eustigmatales is divided into three separate lineages, most likely families: Eustigmataceae (A1), Monodopsidaceae (A2) and a new family Pseudellipsoidiona- ceae (A3). In this study the ultrastructure of 10 eustigmatophycean strains from three separate lineages was investigated. The typical characteristics of this class as chloroplast without a girdle lamella, a reddish glo- bule and lamellate vesicles were found in all strains studied. The appearance of the lamellate vesicles was found to change during the life cycle. My research indicates that other characteristics, formerly...
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Sand fly gregarines: their molecular characterization and host-parasite interactions
Lantová, Lucie
Gregarines (Apicomplexa: Gregarinasina) are monoxenous parasites of invertebrates. Those found in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) used to be considered a single eugregarine genus Ascogregarina. Our phylogenetic analyses of the gregarine SSU rDNA, including newly obtained sequences of three species from sand flies, showed that mosquito and sand fly gregarines are closely related to neogregarines, and most importantly, they form two disparate monophyletic groups. Based on these molecular features, accompanied by biological differences, we established a new genus Psychodiella for the gregarines from sand flies, reserving the genus Ascogregarina for the mosquito gregarines. In the new genus, two new species Psychodiella sergenti from Phlebotomus sergenti and Psychodiella tobbi from Phlebotomus tobbi were described. They differ in the life cycles (sexual development of Ps. sergenti is triggered by a blood meal intake) and morphology of their life stages, mainly oocysts. The susceptibility of five sand fly species to both gregarines showed their strict host specificity, as they were able to fully develop and complete the life cycle only in their natural hosts. The life cycle of Ps. sergenti was studied in detail using various microscopical methods. Oocysts are...
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Topical issues of the regulation of international air carriage: the liability of an air carrier with respect to passengers
Ajgl, Tomáš ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Brodec, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with those issues in regulation of international air carriage, which are in the centre of interest of passengers. Author focuses on two key legal instruments establishing different regimes of air carrier's liability. The first one is the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air, also known as the Montreal Convention. The second is European regulation no. 261/2004, also known as the Air Passengers' Rights Regulation. The key question is whether these liability regimes are completely separate or they overlap. After introductory chapter, Chapter 2 follows, dealing with historical development of legal regulation in the field of air carriage liability. Evolution of the so called Warsaw system is described and the Montreal Convention and some of the most important European regulations are presented. Next chapter focuses on theoretical aspects of air carrier's liability in the light of Czech civil law jurisprudence. These findings are applied both to the Montreal Convention and to the regulation no. 261/2004. Provisions of the Montreal Convention are examined in Chapter 4. Scope of application as well as the most problematic terms such as "accident" or "bodily injury" are discussed. Some well known courts' findings are presented to demonstrate how...
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