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Comparison of oil price growth during 1st and 2nd oil shock in the 1970's with current situation : Is there a treat of third oil shock?
Murková, Viera ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Cahlík, Tomáš (referee)
Bachelor thesis on Comparison of oil price growth during 1st and 2nd oil shock in the 1970's with current situation: Is there a threat of 3rd oil shock? consists of three main parts. The first part describes the state of economy in the 1970's, reasons causing the oil shocks, how they affected the developed countries and how these countries settled up with related problems.The second part focuses on the situation in the 21st century, high oil prices and its consumption and effects on economies that have tried to learn from the previous mistakes, which they made in the 1970's. The last part focuses on predictions to the future and possible alternatives to oil. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Health service from institutional perspective
Souček, Martin ; Schneider, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bryndová, Lucie (referee)
Government healthcare expenditures have been growing in developed countries all over the world. Usually this growth is not fully compensated by increase of GDP. Therefore new financial sources have to be found in state budget every year. The aim of this report is to find an answer to the question, why problems in the healthcare system are present all over the world and what is the reason. From institutional perspective we try to find healthcare system problems, examine them and explain their origin. The cause of the problems is given by the presence of many subjects, that have different functions, various extent of power, responsibility and even different interests. In following chapters we analyze step by step the complicated structure of the relationship between healthcare subjects. We begin with the explanation of the inception and the evolution of subjects of healthcare system. We continue with the overview of the main existing means of funding healthcare system and we finish with the analysis of the relationships. The latter part relates to the Czech healthcare system rules and laws. Special attention is given to the health insurance company (VZP ČR), which plays central role in the healthcare system of Czech Republic. On the basis of the relationship between the insurer and all other subjects we show...
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Fear before, during and after amniocentesis
Valová, Petra ; Slowik, Regina (advisor) ; Chvátilová, Pavlína (referee) ; Kubátová, Jolana (referee)
Fear before, during and after amniocentesis The theme of this paper is "Fear before, during and after amniocentesis". I have chosen this theme as it is close to me. I studied to be midwife and I underwent amniocentesis myself. In the theoretical part I have defined the notion fear according to several authors. Then I have tried to describe amniocentesis on the basis of approachable medical publications. I paid the attention to the history, dividing, technique, indication and contraindication of amniocentesis. Another section of the theoretical part is a chapter about amnion, examples of samples examination and examples of congenital developing defects which are found from amnion. In empiric part of the paper there are the aims to discuss the age level of the women who underwent amniocentesis, find out if they have the basic general knowledge about surgery and where they got the information about it from. I was also interested in reasons for amniocentesis, concrete causes of fear, pregnant women have, which is connected to the surgery as well as patients' feelings before, during and after amniocentesis. The last raised question was whether they would undergo this surgery again. According to the research I have found out that the age level of women undergoing the amniocentesis is usually between 26 - 30 years...
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The study of epigenetic regulation of gene HLA II. Clas within family relationships
Chmel, Martin ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Urbanová, Jana (referee)
Introduction: At our post-genomic era the studies of epigenetic regulation constitutes one of the tools for understanding the function of genes. Epigenetic regulation can directly control the temporal and spatial gene activity or silencing. The molecular basis of these regulations are DNA bases modifications, chromatin remodeling and RNA interference. At the same time, these mechanisms have a special way of transferring genetic information to subsequent generations called epigenetic inheritance. It has been proven epigenetic deregulation of certain genes as cause for many disease. For this reason, the study of epigenome HLA genes seems particularly important because these genes play a fundamental role in regulating the immune system. Aims: The aim of this work is to create a description of epigenetic modifications within families. It is an analysis of histone modifications and DNA methylation in the promoter region of the gene HLA DQA1. The aim was also to compare the differences in epigenetic modifications between alleles and compared the differences in these modifications between generations. The results will be compared with the analysis of the level of expression of the gene HLA DQA1. Methods: From collected peripheral blood of donors were isolated DNA, RNA, and leukocytes. DNA was used for...
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Fat tax - the tool in the battle against obesity
Nedvídek, Václav ; Písař, Pavel (advisor) ; Kuhn, Petr (referee)
Object of this thesis is fat tax. Thesis analyses theoretically causes and effects of substantial increase of obesity in last decades. It looks on the justifiability of state's intervation to the market for the reason of increasing rate of obesity and analyses pretexts for this intervation. It suggests the ideal solution of the obesity problem. It denominates the main tools of state, by which state combat against obesity and focuses theoretically and practically on the fat tax. It analyses the benefits and costs of the fat tax and comments the effectiveness of this tax on the model studies. In last chapter it analyses dependence between the fat tax and the rate of obesity in the USA.
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The future of central banking in the economic system of developed countries on a basis of evalution of the experience from the last decade
Vilt, Lukáš ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Munzi, Tomáš (referee)
Thesis is dealing with the development of the central banking on the basis of experience from the last decade. Hypothesis is the statement, whether the central banks of the developed economies are increasingly less capable of the effective reactions on the accelerating development of the global economy and their position in the money emission and regulation of the banking sector is and will be more and more weakened by the alternative banking and monetary systems. This hypothesis is successfully disproved because of the behavior of the four chosen central banks which are CNB, FED, ECB and BoJ. The main reason was an increase in their activities and interventions causing among others multiplication of their balance sheets. On the other hand the alternative in the free banking is further from the reality than before. Virtual currencies also did not show threatening growth of the national currencies substitution in the reference period. Thesis also provides insight into new and potentially new instruments of the central banks.
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Tax policy of municipalities
Blažková, Tereza ; Sedmihradská, Lucie (advisor) ; Kouba, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with tax on immovable property and local taxes in Cesky Krumlov, Jindrichuv Hradec, Prachatice a Strakonice. The main objective is to evaluate the development of tax income from real estate tax and selected local taxes. Work identifies the reasons for significant changes between these revenues in the years 2002-2015. The greatest differences in revenues of tax on immovable assets in the years 2002-2015 were caused by two major changes in this tax. Specifically, the Law no. 261/2007 Coll., which introduced the possibility to provide the local coefficient of 2, 3, 4 or 5, and thus significantly increase its revenues and the city budget. The most local municipalities have begun to apply the coefficients since 2009. Another significant intervention in the real estate tax was Law no. 362/2009, which doubled tax rates, with effect from January 1st, 2010. The most noticeable growth in the revenues from local tax on dogs appeared between 2003 and 2004, when the city increased local tax rate of dogs because the Law no. 229/2003 Coll., changed maximum tax rate from CZK 1,000 to CZK 1,500. The most significant change in local taxes on waste brought Law no. 174/2012 Coll., which doubled the maximum rate, with effect from January 1st, 2013. But the municipalities were not affected by this change because the cities kept the level of rates to the level of previous years.
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Taxation of financial institutions and analysis of potential bank taxes
Kulmová, Markéta ; Klazar, Stanislav (advisor) ; Brabcová, Pavlína (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with taxation of financial institutions with focus on banking sector in the Czech Republic. The aim is to analyze effective tax rate of the Czech banks, define issues that might have influenced the evolution of the effective tax rate and make comparison with effective tax rate of other Czech corporations and European banks. The first chapter characterizes financial institutions, development of taxation of the financial sector and briefly describes the global financial crises. In the next chapter specifics of the value added tax and corporate income tax are described from the point of view of the financial institutions according to the Czech law followed by description of the financial transactions tax and financial activities tax. In the third chapter is analyzed effective tax rate of the Czech banks for period from 2007 to 2014 based on data gained from annual reports of the analyzed banks. Data for comparison of the effective rates of Czech and European banks were gained from the database S&P Capital IQ. In the conclusion of the thesis are analyzed reasons that might have caused changes in the effective tax rate in the banking sector.
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Yellow rust protection on the wheat
Hanzalová, Alena ; Bartoš, Pavel
Heavy incidence of yellow rust in the years 2014 and 2015 has proved high deleterious effects of this rust. For this reason this publication deals with yellow rust on wheat. Rusts on wheat cause losses every year. In the years of an epidemic yield can be decreased by more than a half. Epidemics of stem rust and yellow rust occur in irregular intervals. Leaf rust causes damage every year particularly in central and southern part of Moravia. Chemical control limits yield losses, however in the case of heavy rust incidence this control particularly on susceptible cultivars is not sufficient. Repeated chemical treatments increase the costs and are limited by phytosanitary regulations. Economic and ecologic rust control consists in resistance breeding and growing resistant cultivars. Knowledge of virulence in the rust poppulation and suitable sources of resistance are prerequisites for successful resistance breeding. This publication presents a summary of data from literature on the yellow rust on wheat. Data on resistance of the grown cultivars and possibilities of the chemical control are included.
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Moral Hazard of Humanitarian Intervention: Case Study Kosovo
Kodrazi, Suzan ; Lehmannová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Veselý, Zdeněk (referee) ; Pelikán, Jan (referee) ; Vávra, Přemysl (referee)
The main ambition of this doctoral thesis is to contribute to the development of interdisciplinary application of the concept of moral hazard developedin economic and insurance theory to the context of the inter-state conflicts with potential international intervention. The basic theoretical framework used in the thesis is derived from the concept of moral hazard of humanitarian intervention by Alan Kuperman who claims that the newly established norm of humanitarian intervention may well have unintended negative consequences. Kuperman argues that if the mere existence of insurance creates sufficient incentive for the insured to modify their behavior to the extent that they engage in the riskier behavior due to the fact that they are insured against the consequences of their actions, the rebels may well optimize their behavior in the same way. Currently, the transfer of the moral hazard theory to the context of interventions is hindered by a number of existing obstacles stemming from the differences in these areas. This thesis concentrates on reduction of three main identified drawbacks and addresses them by formulating three main research questions and derived hypothesis. The aim of this approach is to examine the limits of application and create the space for development of the concept of moral hazard of humanitarian intervention in the future research. (1) What is the interpretation potential, value added and limits of application of economic theory of moral hazard to the context of humanitarian intervention from the theoretical perspective? Hypothesis 1:The concept of moral hazard represents an efficienttool for evaluation of humanitarian intervention. (2) What is the potential of causal mechanism established by the Kuperman´s hypothesis to explain the reasons why in certain cases the state decides to escalate the inter-state conflict despite the public threats of intervention at a general level of research? Hypothesis 2: The threat of intervention causes the escalation of the inter-state conflict. (3) To what extent does Kuperman´s hypothesis modified to the conflict in Kosovo correspond with the actual state of affairs and their development? Hypothesis 3: The threat of intervention NATO/USA caused the escalation of conflict in Kosovo.
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