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Delivery of protein or peptide into the skin using cubosomes and microneedles
Pekáčová, Simona ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Holas, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Simona Pekáčová Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph. D. Title of diploma thesis: Delivery of protein or peptide into the skin using cubosomes and microneedles Transdermal transport of high-molecular-weight and hydrophilic substances is complicated by the protective skin layer, the stratum corneum. Physical breaching of this layer using microneedles combined with penetration- enhancing properties of cubosomes was previously reported as an effective approach to transdermal drug delivery and therefore employed in this project. (Rattanapak et al. 2012) Delivering abilities of solid (600 µm), coated (500, 600, 750 µm) and hollow (450, 600 µm) MNs were compared with intradermal injection by hypodermic needle. Cubosomes were prepared from phytantriol, poloxamer 407 and propylene glycol using liquid precursor method and loaded with fluorescent ovalbumin (FL-OVA) or SIINFEKL-TAMRA (ST) peptide. Several formulations for coating of solid microneedles were prepared using various solvents and excipients to investigate quality of coatings and their ability to deliver the drug into skin. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) turned out to be the most efficient coating excipient providing equally spread...
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Study of flavonoids in preparations registered in the Czech Republic.
Relovská, Magdalena ; Spilková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
The flavonoids are compouns of the plant origin. They have a signifficant importance for the plants. They entice pollinaters, protect the plants against ultraviolet radiation a free radicals. The flavonoids are compound derived from phenylchroman. The basic structure is formed from 2-phenylchroman. If the phenyl is located in the position 3, they are named isoflavans and if it is located in the position 4, they are named neoflavans. The flavonoids were, are and still will studied from the point of their properties and effects and their probable using in the prevention and treatment of some diseases. In the present time they are used for their venopreventative effects. They are the components of food supplements, but also of the registrated drugs that are used in phlebology, respective they are combined with proteolytic enzymes. The results of the many studies show, that flavonoids have many various effects to live organism. They have signifficant antioxidant activity, have antivirotic, antibacterial and antimycotic activity, they act as antiinflammatory agents, have antiallergic effect, could decrease the blood pressure and the cholesterol level, act as inhibitors of many enzymes, have antimutagenic and anticancer effects. We also have information, that they have antidiabetic, antiadipogenic and...
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Somatic embryogenesis of conifers: metabolism and roles of RFOs
Skala, Ondřej
Raffinose series oligosaccharides (RFOs= α-1,6-galaktosyln-sach; 1 ≤ n < c. 7) represent a prominent part of soluble saccharide content in mature conifer seeds. RFOs are considered to act as the multifunctional components in plants, but their precise functions in specific physiological processes remain contentious. The present study focuses on the metabolism and role of RFOs in somatic embryogenesis in two conifer species- Picea abies and hybrid fir (Abies alba x numidica). Three basic approaches were set for achieving spruce somatic embryos (SE) with diverse levels of RFOs: a) culture cultivation with exogenous RFOs, b) culture cultivation with precursors of RFOs synthesis and the last 3) culture exposition to variegated postmaturation treatments inducing RFOs synthesis (desiccation/cold stress). Parallel combinations of stresses led to the highest RFOs levels in SE. These findings associate the RFOs levels in spruce SE with protective function within desiccation state. The final levels of RFOs in the spruce SE were also regulated by endogenous levels of myo-inositol. RFOs were rapidly degraded by SE within early phases of germination independently of the initial level of RFOs. No dramatic decrease in embryo germination was found in embryos with decreased RFOs degradation achieved by treatment...
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Reforms of European Labour Markets
Holčapek, Tomáš ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
Diploma thesis "Reforms of European Labour Markets" deals with the various types of approach of the European Union Member States to regulation of labour market and to the related measures in the field of social security and assistance. Nearly all European states attempt to maintain and develop the concept of welfare state, which ideally should provide the population with the necessary level of security and social protection while simultaneously should not inhibit economic activity and progress by overly rigid regulation. The thesis describes the model categories into which the advanced European countries may be divided, particularly the liberal, Scandinavian and traditional approach. Each of them is associated with specific advantages and disadvantages, between which the Member States seek balance. The respective model types are illustrated using the example of six selected European countries. The subject of interest of the thesis also comprises the recent reform efforts in these Member States. The thesis deals with endeavours to coordinate national policies in the area of employment on the level of European Union institutions and examines both the set targets and actually achieved results in this field. From the methodological point of view, a synthesis of economic, juristic and other approaches to the...
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Alfred Hugenberg and his media roup
Vaníčková, Barbora ; Krejcar, Robert (referee) ; Köpplová, Barbara (advisor)
'The thesis "Alfred Hugenberg and his media concern" describes the life of Alfred Hugenberg, his political activity and the formation of media concern. Thesis is devoted to the individual life stages of Hugenberg, and describes intellectual background of his youth and his career beginnings. The period of his greatest political success, when he became a chairman of the German Nationalist People's Party (DNVP) in 1928 and later a minister of economy, agriculture and nutrition in Hitler's cabinet, is also described in detail. The following chapter illustrates his life period during war and after war, when Hugenberg loses his political power and seeks primarily to protect his property and achieve a "moral cleansing". Thesis also shows detailed treatises on the mental and materialistic basics of Hugenberg's concern and provides an itemized illustration of its progressive construction. Concurrently, the function of individual parts of the concern, its financial background and position inside the media market during the period of Weimar Republic are described. Comprehensive picture of the life of Alfred Hugenberg and his media concern is incorporated into the contemporary context however, particularly his collaboration with Adolph Hitler takes certain attention. Hugenberg's political affiliations helped Hitler to...
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Analysis of the integrated management system in organizations with different activity
Orlová, Lenka ; Doucek, Petr (advisor) ; Nedomová, Lea (referee)
The work peruses a study and analysis of integrated management system in the two basic chapters. The first chapter introduction informs the reader about definitions that describe the IMS term the best. An adumbration of developments in approach to quality, environment and the labour safety and protection follows. One part of the work pays attention to developments in numbers of certifications in the Czech Republic and world-wide to show popularity of the IMS as a certificate able instrument. The theoretic part consists of a listing of brief properties of actual standardisation documents valid in the Czech Republic. The most important documents in each area builds so-called criteria standards thus standards defining requests to introduce and maintain the systems properly. Wide part of the work is dedicated to interpretation of such criteria standards. The first part conclusion deals in a method that is a base and resource for the part two. The second part contains characteristics of two analysed companies, description of individual areas using defined criteria and collected information evaluation. The work has been set up on a base of studying lot of information and documents both in electronic and hard copy versions. All of them have been collected from public sources and from said companies in a direct personal cooperation and communication.
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Business property in the Czech and Slovak legislations
Šimůnková, Jana ; Klazar, Stanislav (advisor) ; Nachtigalová, Marika (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the business property and its meaning in the Czech and Slovak legislations. First of all, a historical background of the business property definition is presented. This term is then described within scope of particular laws where it is defined in slightly different ways. There are mentioned also differences between the Czech and Slovak legislations. Selected judicial cases are used to demonstrate practical applications of the business property term. There is mentioned also the problem of intangible assets protection with no judicial precedent so far. Conceptual differences of the business property meaning are highlighted in a model example. Results, interpretation and comparison of questionnaire investigations both from the Czech Republic and Slovakia are an important part of this work.
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The problems of economic development in African countries
Kocábek, Martin ; Ježek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mládek, Josef (referee)
This diploma thesis points to the barriers which impede backward African countries in economic development. It sees an imperfect institutional environment of the poor countries as a major issue. It outlines the problems on specific cases of Rwanda, Botswana and Kenya and it also suggests possible solutions for overcoming persisting poverty. The first chapter focuses on explanation of development theories and effectiveness of foreign aid. The next chapter regards economic development from the institutional point of view. Moreover, it presents the theoretical concept of property rights as the main factor of economic prosperity. The last theoretical chapter describes a role of government and its effect and effect of interest groups on the economy of particular country. The economic policy development of concrete African countries is discribed in analytical part of the thesis. In conclusion of the work the particular findings are summed up and furthemore, the certain solutions which should help to overcome big poverty in poor African countries are offered.
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Theory of property valuation and valuation of a house
Štěpánek, Libor ; Heřman, Jan (advisor) ; Zeman, Karel (referee)
This work deals with the issue of property valuation. It is divided into two basic units. The first part describes the theoretical issues of valuation, the second part, practical, is required to appreciate the family house on the basis of administrative law. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the property by administrative method.
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