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Cis and trans elements in plant response to drought (with a particular focus on photosynthetic genes)
Panchártek, Daniel ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Feketová, Zuzana (referee)
Abiotic stresses, such as drought, high salinity and cold can strongly affect plant development and growth. Cis and trans elements are one of the options how plants regulate their own metabolism in those cases. That's the way how the expression of many target genes is induced. The products of these genes function not only in stress tolerance but also in general stress response. Many transcription factors and regulatory proteins (trans elements) are involved in these adaptions; those often interact with specific sequences in gene promoters (cis elements). Recenly, a progress has been made in analyzing the signal paths and complex cascades of gene expression regulation, although a little is still known about this regulation during drought conditions. Some of these target genes code products participating in photosyntesis and the regulation of their expression can significantly affect this process. This essay briefly describes main cis and trans elements of plant response to drought (with a particular focus on the regulation of photosyntetic genes). Keywords: drought, gene expression, cis-element, transcription factor, abcisic acid, photosyntesis, promoter.
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Legal acting
Skřejpek, Jakub ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Švestka, Jiří (referee)
- Legal actions Jakub Skřejpek Key words: Legal actions, manifestation of the will, interpretation Legal actions are generally classified as legal facts, which have effect on the creation, modification and termination of legal actions. Legal actions occur in the sphere of civil law. Legislation of legal actions is included in the current Civil Code, which also provides what conditions must be satisfied to make a legal act valid and vice versa, which is an invalid legal act, either absolutely or relatively. To be valid, a legal act must be a manifestation of the will, which is directed specifically to the creation, modification or termination of a legal relationship and the law must connect such a manifestation of the will with legal consequences. This legal specification is in the Civil Code. In the current draft of the new Civil Code, however, such a definition of legal actions is missing, and are specified only the consequences of legal actions. You can expand, that the validity of any legal action depends on the expression of the will of the acting person, which must be capable of acquiring rights and duties. The validity of the legal action is necessary for the expression of the will of the person to be free, serious, specific and comprehensive enough. It must not be done in distress or under...
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Role of the oncogenic microRNAs miR-17-92 and miR-155 in the regulation of hematopoietic differentiation and leukemogenesis
Pospíšil, Vít ; Stopka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pospíšek, Martin (referee) ; Machová Poláková, Kateřina (referee)
(English version): Hematopoietic differentiation is highly ordered multistep process, where generation of terminal blood cells is dependent upon coordinated regulation of gene expression by key regulators: transcription factors and mikroRNAs. PU.1 (Sfpi1) is a versatile hematopoetic transcription factor required for the proper generation of both myeloid and lymphoid lineages. MikroRNAs represent a novel class of ~22 nucleotide long non-coding posttranscriptional regulators that inhibit expression of genes by blocking protein translation or by mRNA degradation. In this PhD thesis I present research data documenting novel mechanisms of regulation and function of two oncogenic mikroRNAs, miR-17-92 cluster and miR-155 and myeloid transcriptional factors PU.1 upon macrophage differentiation of myeloid progenitors. The miR-17-92 cluster (Oncomir1) encodes seven related mikroRNAs that regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis and development and is overexpressed in number of malignancies including myeloid leukemia. Presented PhD thesis documents novel macrophage specific regulatory mechanisms involving the oncogenic cluster miR-17-92. Using transgenic PU.1-/- myeloid progenitors we show that upon macrophage differentiation, the transcription factor PU.1 induces the secondary determinant, the transcription...
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Preparation of cDNA of selected gene and cloning.
Bogdanovič, Igor ; Miletín, Miroslav (advisor) ; Bunček, Martin (referee)
ABC drug efflux transporters are transmembrane proteins which are known to play a crucial role in drug resistance. The ability of these proteins to actively transport a wide variety of compounds out of the cell is one of the key reasons behind the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. To study the activity of efflux transporters and identify their substrates or inhibitors a number of in vitro models have been developed. These models are based on the mammalian cells genetically modified in order to express the protein of interest. For genetic manipulations of the cells various expression plasmids are used. In our study we attempted to prepare a universal expression plasmid, containing a short sequence of V5 tag. Such plasmid enables further cloning of coding sequences of selected efflux transporters so that the V5 tag is localized on their 3'-end. Once constructed, the plasmid can further be used to transfect the desired cell line, thus developing an in vitro cell model. Since the transporter is produced as a fusion protein with the V5 tag localized on their C-end, the tag could be used as a universal marker of the transporter expression detectable by immunohistochemical methods. To construct the V5 tag sequence two approaches were employed both leading to the product of the desired...
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Transcriptional regulation of miR-17-92 microRNA cluster during macrophage differentiation.
Rybářová, Jana ; Stopka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pospíšek, Martin (referee)
miR-17-92 cluster (Oncomir1) encodes seven microRNAs (miRNA, miR) regulating many biological processes including proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. Overexpression of microRNAs encoded by miR-17-92 cluster is found in a number of tumors including acute and chronic myeloid leukemias (Dixon-McIver et al., 2008; Li et al., 2008; Venturini et al., 2007). Myeloid progenitors express miR-17-92 cluster at a high level, while macrophage differentiation associates with its downregulation. Our laboratory found, that miR-17-92 cluster is repressed by transcription factor Early growth response 2 (Egr2) upon differentiation of primary myeloid PUER progenitors, induced with transcription factor PU.1. Aim of this thesis is to further test the abovementioned data by preparing a reporter vectors set, carrying various fragments of miR-17-92 putative promoter, which enables us to study regulation of transcription of miR-17-92 cluster. This task complicated by presence of increased GC content of the miR-17-92 promoter was successfully accomplished resulting in amplification of eight fragments containing the various parts of miR-17-92 promoter including region -3.3 to 0 kb relative to the start of miR-17-5p sequence, that were inserted into pGL3 reporter vector. Transfection of pGL3 reporter vector carrying...
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International cooperation of libraries
Krajíčková, Jitka ; Stöcklová, Anna (advisor) ; Drobíková, Barbora (referee)
Tematem diplomové práce je mezinárodní spolupráce knihoven. V úvodní části se práce zaměřuje na historické aspekty. Zmiňuje tři hlavní mezníky, které ovlivnily povahu komunikace textové informace. Dále práce uvádí hlavní oblasti spolupráce knihoven mezi něž řadí spolupráci v oblasti standardizace, katalogizace, věcného pořádání, sdílení dat a sdílení dokumentů. Podrobně se věnuje vzniku a vývoji nejvýznamnějších mezinárodních organizací, které se zaměřují na sféru informací a knihovnictví. Probrány jsou organizace IFLA, FID, OCLC a UNESCO. Závěrečná část probírá vybrané mezinárodní programy podporované Evropskou unií zaměřené na činnost veřejných knihoven, kterých se účastnila také Česká republika zastoupená Národní knihovnou ČR. Jsou jimi Publica (NK ČR se neúčastnila), PULMAN, CALIMERA a TEL-MEMOR.
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Study of structural differences among 14-3-3 protein isoforms.
Macáková, Eva ; Gryčová, Lenka (referee) ; Obšil, Tomáš (advisor)
The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of important regulatory proteins, found in all eukaryotes, which are involved in many cellular processes. In this diploma thesis, we studied structure/function relationships of 14-3-3 proteins, in this case it was the influence of the structure of H8-H9 loop on the binding affinity in barley isoform hv 14-3-3A and human isoform 14-3-3ζ. According to former results, hv 14-3-3A binds to a ligand with lowest affinity, which could be caused by present of a glycin in H8-H9 loop, while in other isoforms there is a serin on the same position. We measured the binding affinity in protein hv 14-3-3A WT and its mutant, which contained the serin instead of the glycin in H8-H9 loop. For comparison, we also measured the binding affinity of human isoform 14-3-3ζ containing the serin in H8-H9 loop and its mutant, where the the serin was replaced by the glycin. Proteins were expressed in E. coli cells strain BL21(DE3) and then purified. The dissociation constant for the binding of peptide pRaf-259 labeled with fluorophores FITC and ATTO was measured using both the fluorescence correlated spectroscopy and the steady-state fluorescence intensity. Our results showed that in both isoforms the mutation of H8-H9 loop causes decrease in the binding affinity.
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Relation between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cellular sensors of energetic state
Zouhar, Petr ; Pecina, Petr (referee) ; Flachs, Pavel (advisor)
The important factor in regulation of metabolic processes is regulatory proteins, which are able to react by feed-back to energetic state of the cell. Big attention is focused on the AMP activated kinase (AMPK) and NAD+ activated deacetylase SIRT1. These enzymes interact together and their stimulation increases mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. Due to this it functions beneficially against the onset of obesity, insulin resistance and ageing. Fasting, exercise and some antidiabetogenic drugs act by these regulators. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are also known because of their stimulative effects on mitochondrial biogenesis and -oxidation. Previous work of our group have showed that intake of higher dose of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in diet lead to increase in activity of AMPK in white adipose tissue. New results presented in this thesis show that SIRT1 is essential for increase in expression of stimulators of -oxidation (PPAR etc) in response to n-3 PUFA in diet. n-3 PUFA futher improve the metabolic profile synergistically with calorie restriction probably through SIRT1.
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Wall Paintings in the Rotunda of St. Catherine in Znojmo
Louženská, Monika ; Kubík, Viktor (advisor) ; Ottová, Michaela (referee)
Kopie - Bakalářská práce_Louženská Monika.txt ABSTRACT The romanesque rotunda of the St. Catherine in Znojmo is one of the most important monument in Czech Republic and Central Europe. From 1962 it's registered as National Cultural Monument. Its unique murals with uncommon content have been subject of discussions of many specialists for almost two centuries and still haven't been satisfactorily explained. Over the past centuries the colour of the paintings have lost its brightness, but individual elements of the Romanesque style still remain legible. Its verticalism and linearism is related to the European expression of Byzantine - like linear style from around 1100 A.D. Paintings with closest relations to this style were found in Salzburg and Prüfening near Regensburg in second third of the 12th century. The decoration of the rotunda can be divided into two parts. The first is ecclesiastical, the second secular. In the ecclesiastical part belongs christological cycle in the nave of the rotunda (Annunciation of Our Lady, Visitation, Nativity and Annunciation of Shepherds in combination with Joseph's Dream, Adoration of the Magi, Killing of the Innocents and Flight to Egypt), paintings in apse (Majestas Domini in Deesis and figures of 12 apostels in arches) and in cupola (the quartet of Cherubs and...
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The effects of zinc ions on breast tissue cancerogenesis
Kratochvílová, Monika ; Stiborová, Marie (referee)
The concept of breast cancer describes a wide range of serious diseases. It is one of the most common cancer diseases among women worldwide. The most difficult and problematic subtype is the triple negative breast cancer. This subtype is characteristic by the loss of expression of hormon receptors and HER-2, which makes it unresponsive to available targeted therapy. The breast cancer, as well as other malignancies, has a relationship withzinc ions. Zinc is an essencial element and it is involved in many of important cellular processes and thus it is able to directlyor indirectly affect the cancerogenesis. Increased levels of zinc ions in malignant breast cancer tissue compared to healthy tissue were well described. However, zinc has documented anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to determine if excessive suplementation with zinc ions has an effect on breast cancer development in vivo. The cell line 4T1 was chosen as a model of the triple negative subtype in mus musculus. The mouse strain BALB/c was used as an animal model. A total dose of zinc sulphate per one gram of mouse weight used in the experiment was 0.15 mg. We determined not only the growth of primary tumour, but also an expression levels of selected genes and antioxidant capacity of the whole organism. The volume of primary...
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