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The effect of environment on the behaviour and welfare dairy cattle
Zetková, Mariana ; Chaloupková, Helena (advisor) ; Valníčková, Barbora (referee)
Behavior and welfare of dairy cattle is determined by many factors of its surroundings. Whether we consider the environment of it´s habitat or stockpeople work. The goal of this thesis is describe influence of the behavior, health and production.
In a stable, there are some important factors. One of them is a micro-climate. Cattle is very liable to body-heat stres, because of its not-so-good body heat draining. Another thing stockpeople should focus on is bedding. Wet or pouled bedding is not only uncomfortable, but it also can cause lactal glad and lower limb health problems. Limping and udder infection are very frequent problem of cattle breeding.
In matter of cattle´s social behaviour, we must consider a it´s sense for hierarchy. Make groups by cattle´s age, size, or lactal phase and by other features. Enouhg space for feeding and a rest, to pretend any mutual aggressive interaction thus avoid stres or injuries of cattle.
Although a care and an attitude of stockpeople is being underetimated in many cases, they play a big role in animal breeding. The behaviour of stockpeople, for example, has an influence on animal´s feelings about people. If a milker is calm and has positive attitude, cows are more accessible and calmer while are giving milk. That affects milk production and cow´s mood as well.
A frequent topic to debate is prenatal stres of dairy cows. It is cause of taking calves away from their cow mother. However, opinions on this theme aren´t united and this topic is, as is stated at the beginnig of this paragraph, full of contradiction.
If we want to provide comfort to dairy cows, the main target is to provide them a proper place to sleep in, rest in, feeding, to care about their bodies, etc. That also means, that we should provide them the oportunity to natural behaviour and treat them as living beings, that percieve stimulus from their environment.
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The effect of environment on the behaviour of sheeps
Chválovská, Lucie ; Chaloupková, Helena (advisor) ; Valníčková, Barbora (referee)
This bachelor's thesis aims to compare the existing technologies and systems and to find a suitable stabling environment for sheep breeding in terms of their welfare and behavioural needs, and to put forward suggestions of how stabling might be enhanced. The bachelor's thesis was prepared based on research of specialist literature and articles.
At present, a good deal of emphasis is placed on animal welfare, which is governed by animal protection and welfare legislation. The research discussed points, in positive terms, towards group stabling, where sheep are more active and sleep less than those housed in individual stalls. Furthermore, in order to secure sheep welfare, the composition of the flock needs to be considered. The sheep should be of approximately the same age, weight, gender and horn size. The negative aspects include slippery floors putting the safety of the sheep at risk and result in more frequent limb injuries; however, wooden plank flooring with wide gaps also proves to be hazardous. This suggests that the floor should be dry, made of rubber or covered with bedding. The planks should be placed so as to prevent sheep from getting a limb caught in between the planks.
At present, enriching the surrounding environment not only of livestock is a suitable solution to increasing the quality of life. Research shows that, in comparison to conventional surroundings, the effects of enriched surroundings on the physiological and behavioural responses of sheep are positive. For example, the results of studies indicate that, in grazing, sheep prefer more varied pastures. These increase their motivation to graze, thereby boosting their intake of feed and positively reflecting in their production. The thesis shows that the breeding systems that do not take into account the behavioural needs of sheep cannot maximalise the efficiency of breeding in terms of performance or labour and financial intensiveness. New technologies ensure the animals' comfort while continuously increasing the performance of sheep. Selecting stabling options directed at animal welfare is an important requisite to which any breeder should pay the utmost attention.
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Analysis breeding of Holstein cattle
Matěnová, Lenka ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The aim of bachelor´s thesis was to carry out the analysis of Holstein cattle farming in a selected farm. I carried out the analysis in Agricultural corporation Svobodné Company that farms in Hradec Králové region in the district town of Trutnov.
The company farms about 925 hectares of agricultural soil. Arable land is on 529 hectares and 400 hectares is for permanent grass cover. The main content of crop production is forage produce for livestock farming. Livestock farming is aimed at the red Holstein cattle farming. The herd was made by crossbreeding in 1996 from the Czech Straka. There are 270 milch cows in this company.
The first part is focuded on the theoretical interpretation of milch cow farming problems. I focused on the characteristics of breed, efficiency, reproduction, technology of milking and lairage, nutrition and feeding and the most common milch cow´s health problems. The monitored period was from October 2014 to September 2015. Data were derivated from the efficiency monitoring.
During the monitored period was closed up 253 lactations set by the norm. The efficiency was 8 677 kilograms of milk with 4,44 % of fat and 3,51 % of proteins. Heifer milked 7 630 kilograms with 4,81 % of fat and 3,56 % of proteins. The milking house is designed as 2 x 8 by the Farmatec Company, with twice a day milking. The average efficiency for connected milch cow was 24,4 kilograms, for contolled milch cow 26,5 kilograms of milk. The problem is the high value of the body cells and cloven hooves problems are connected to it. There is more than 10 % of milch cows where the limit has overcome one million of the body cells. High body cells are occured by the calved heifers as well that should be decreasing the other way around. These are not able to compensate mammary gland destruction. That is the reason of their efficiency decrease. In February cooperation with Eurofarm Company started to improve milch cows preparations and the hygiene before milking. There is a bacteriological screening for resistence to antibiotic once a year.
Another problem is reproduction results. Success rate in the process of calf pregnant was 29,7 %. The insemination interval was 73, intervening time 402 and service period 122 days. The intervening time length is suitable. It is necessary to realise that these cows are high utility milch cows these are suffer from the risk of NEB (negative energy bilance) in a few first weeks. That´s why they work into from the 60th day. In the end of the lactation period they milk over 25 kilograms. It is the reason for longer intervening time.
Heifers are worked into for the first time in 14 months.
Health state of the herd is at a high level quality. Calves mortalities is beeing kept below 2 % in the long term. There is a long time bad health state of cloven hooves by the milch cows. The most frequent diseases are ulcers and dermatitis. These diseases hurt cows and the pains influence the utility and the rutting symptoms in a negative way.
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Monitoring of sheep in the West Bohemian region of the Czech Republic
Vaštová, Anna ; Fantová, Milena (advisor) ; Ptáček, Martin (referee)
This work is divided into two parts and focuses on breeds which are kept in west of the Czech Republic. First part is dedicated to importance of sheep breeding. In this part the work is also focused mainly on meat, milk and wool as main commodities. The work occupied with system of sheep breeding as well, e.g. chalet system, and it describes different kinds of their raising. One part is also dedicated to history focused on increasing population in the Czech Republic and change in structure of breeds during certain periods. Very important is transition of breeds in 20th century.
The other chapters focus on breeds raised in the west of Czech Republic and their characteristic. There are seven breeds, which are analysed deeper and which are, speaking about population, more important. We are talking about breeds such as lacaune, dairy breed, charollais and suffolk, meat breeds, bergschaf, merinolandschaf and romney, combined breeds. There are also briefly described the problems of housing, nutrition and veterinary issues.
In the second part work focuses on current situation of sheep breeding and its population. There are raised mainly Šumava sheep, whose have rich tradition, in the west of Czech Republic. We found there 1168 female. The work is also mentioning pasturing CHKO and NP, which became integral to these districts.
The last chapter is dedicated to efficiency of sheep breeding and specially control over efficiency of milk breeds, such as lacaune, and control over efficiency of population growth, fertility and production of wool.
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Vliv stájového prostředí na dušnost koní
Trčková, Petra
This thesis focuses on the topic of influence of the stable environment on the shortness of breath of horses. What is today simply called shortness of breath used to be called RAO in the past and nowadays the abbreviation COPD, which stands for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is used. The anatomy of the respiratory system and the physiology of breathing of horses are briefly characterized here. The disease COPD is thoroughly analyzed here together with its etiology, symptomatology, diagnostics, treatment and prognosis. The prevention of diseases in stables and its parameters are addressed here. Research was conducted by means of a questionnaire, which was completed by the owners of both healthy horses and horses suffering from the COPD. The results were evaluated only on the basis of horses affected by COPD.
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Detached House with Stable for Horses in Vysočina
Jaitnerová, Vendula ; Blažek, Petr (referee) ; Fišarová, Zuzana (advisor)
The aim of my bachelor´s thesis is the project of a family house and a horse stable. The building site is located on the outskirts of the village of Chlumek, in Czech-Moravian Highlands. The family house is designed for a family of four. There is no cellarge in the building, there is one floor and attic. There is a garage for one car located on the ground floor. In the northern part of the grounds there is a stable designed for four horses. The design of the stable respects modern approach and welfare of horses. The layout of the house and of the stable combines modern and traditional aspects in a way that it fits together with the countryside of Czech-Moravian Highlands. The appendix of this project is the seminar paper dealing with the principles of horse stables design.
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Principles of organic pig breeding
SKYPALOVÁ, Michaela
The objective of this study is to locate and gather available information about organic farming in the Czech republic. There are several interesting aspects of the world environment friendly economy. In the introduction chapter development swine-breeding and pork consumption in our country is outlined. The main part of this study compares the difference between conventional farming and organic farming. Considerable part of this work is focused on various categories of pigs with the emphasis on welfare. Principles of group housing of sows and piglets are also mentioned, as well as an outdoor pig housing, which is still only marginally used in the Czech Republic. The work includes principles of nutrition and feeding pigs in each categories of pigs according to ecological principles, which are very different from the normal feeding on the basis of complete feed mixtures. The work also describes the principles of slaughtering animals in organic farming. It is irreplaceable that swine-breeding is not subsidized, only through arable land, which produces feed. The question is whether the subsidy is sufficient at higher field intensity of production and consequently organic swine-breeding.
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The analyse of cattle breeding in an enterprise - case study
HORA, Ondřej
This work deals with an analysis of breeding cattle in the agricultural cooperative Agra Březnice u Bechyně. Data on milk production and reproduction was obtained from records of performance tests and livestock records. The results of performance and reproduction in the years 2010 to 2012 shows that the monitored breeding achieved when compared to the average population of Czech Pied cattle bred in the Czech Republic, above-average values. The efficiency of milk production in the reporting period increased by an average of 394 kg. Milk composition is at the population level. The fat content was in the period, on average, 0.02% lower and the protein content was about 0.01% lower than the values of the population in the Czech Republic. The reproduction of purebred breeding is used in a closed herd turnover. The reproductive performance achieves significantly less value than the population average length of service period. The other reproductive indicators, with the exception of insemination index reached in the period better values than the average of these values achieved in the Czech Republic. The results showed that the most common reason for withdrawal from dairy herds are problems with disease of the legs and udder disease. These problems need to be addressed in the short term better approach to monitoring and prevention in the long term appears to be the most important completion of a new barn. The breeding value of bulls used in reproduction was satisfactory level.
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Zhodnocení vývoje mléčné užitkovosti a tržeb ve dvou vybraných sledovaných podnicích
Vrba, Jan
The aim of this work was to evaluate the development of milk production and sales of two companies selected monitored. In the literature review were first characterized breeds of dairy cows in the surveyed enterprises. Furthermore, we focused on milk production, milk and lactation. Also nutrition and housing of dairy cows. The work was completed by comparing production between farms Ostrožsko a.s. with residence in Uherský Ostroh which dealt breeding Holstein cattle and farm Topagra s.r.o. with residence Topolná, which dealt with the breeding of Holstein and Czech Pied cattle. After this comparison, we have compared the performance of dairy cows of Czech Pied and Holstein cattle farm of the Topolná. The data obtained were compared with available data.
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