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Exercise activity for dialysis patients
Kulhavá, Miroslava ; Hošková, Blanka (advisor) ; Majorová, Simona (referee)
Title: Exercise activity for dialysis patients The thesis characterizes and summarizes chronic kidney failure and the complications resulting :from this disease. It deals with dialysis patients and their lowered ability to exercise. Aim: The thesis aims to explore the suitability ofvarious forms of exercise for dialysis patients, especially from the point of view and for the purpose of finding the maximum improvement in the functional state, condition and exercise ability as well as the life quality of these patients. A test group was created and has been monitored long-term while undergoing a complex and suitable exercise program created specifically for the individuals ofthis group. The exercise program created should lead to an improvement in their exercise ability, the development oftheir condition and the subjective evaluation ofthe improvement oflife quality. Methodology: The group monitored was observed long-term and repeatedly tested using 3 of the Unifittest battery of tests (6-60). The test was supplemented with anthropometric and motor skill measurements and a survey on life quality. Results: The group was monitored long-term thus the results are informative and predicative of the practical uses of exercise activities in certain time periods. The results assess the effect of long-term...
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Comparison of driving comfort between Cars of Professional Racing Drivers and Normal Drivers
Palová, Miroslava ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Lopot, František (referee)
Work title: The discomfort experienced by racing drivers when driving in comparison to the discomfort experienced by ordinary drivers ofpassenger cars. Work objectives: The objective of this theses is actual detection of discomfort and comparison of the reaction time of professional racing drivers with drivers of passenger vehicles when driving and mutual comparison of their results. By using subjective and objective methods we will monitor and record how discomfort is manifested by individuals, how it influences their complexly dealing with movement manoeuvres and how it changes in time during the course of driving.. Method: Three professional racing drivers and a sample of randomly chosen subjects ranging in age from 20-28 years were tested in a reaction and decision making test, requiring reactions to visual impulses from the upper and lower limbs. Additional tests evaluated the discomfort ofthe test subjects and the current mental state ofthe individua!. Results: With regard to the current mental state of the individua! the mood profile of the professional drivers was 5 points more stable, which shows that the racing drivers have a greater mental endurance in comparison to ordinary passenger vehicle drivers. The discomfort intensity was 5.34 points lower for professional drivers compared to...
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The aplication of CSS in swimming flume
Cagaň, Štěpán ; Jurák, Daniel (advisor) ; Chrzanowská, Babeta (referee)
Title: Application of CSS (Critical Swimming Speed) in the swimming flume. Objectives: Purpose of our pilot study was to find out, if load during swimming on speed of anaerobic threshold in the flume on level validated by accredited workplace corresponds with load during swimming in the swimming pool. Methods: For verification of our purpose, for each proband we first determined speed of anaerobic threshold, using Critical Swimming Speed protocol. Subsequently we monitored values of blood lactate and heart rate during swimming on anaerobic threshold speed level in the pool and thereafter in the flume. We have compared measured values. Results: We found out, that load in the flume is much lower, than load in the pool. We also found out, that stream of water in flume is not constant. Keywords: flume, swimming, swimming simulator, lactate, front crawl stroke, critical swimming speed
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The measure information about the osteoporosis problems by women at the age below forty years
KRÝDLOVÁ, Michaela
Abstract Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease, a disease of the bones of the body, which is characterized by a lowered amount of skeletal minerals, decrease of bone density and a changed microstructure of the bones. The effect of these changes is a lowered quality of skeletal tissues and an elevated risk of bone fractures. This risk, being very high, is directly threatening to the patient. Anybody can suffer from osteoporosis, but there are certain groups, much more at risk. The group most often affected by osteoporosis, are women in post-climacteric period of life, i.e. several years past their climacterium. The main factors causing this disease are age, gender, genetics, lack of physical activity, malnourishment, use of harmful substances (smoking, coffee, alcohol), use of some medications, certain endocrinological diseases and diseases of the digestive system, etc. Fundamental significance for prevention and treatment is an adjustment of life-style with sufficient physical activity, correct nutrition, avoiding of harmful substances such as smoking, alcohol and coffee. Regular use of vitamins and minerals as well as regular check-ups may help to prevent the disease. For this study a questionnaire was chosen for data collecting. The questionnaire created for this work included 17 closed and 8 semi-open questions. The total number of 120 questionnaires were distributed, of these 113 were returned, of which 12 were excluded for incompletelesness. The recovery of questionnaires was calculated to 84.2%. The researched group included 101 women between ages 18{--}40 from České Budějovice. The aim of the bachelor work has been accomplished. Hypothesis H1 was proved and H2 disproved. The results will be used as a basis for a seminar about problems with osteoporosis and its prevention intended for non-professionals.
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Magnetic resonance imaging of the respiratory and postural function of the diaphragm
Rychnovský, Tomáš ; Kučera, Miroslav (advisor) ; Smolíková, Libuše (referee) ; Novák, Daniel (referee)
Objective: The goal of the thesis was to objectify changes of the diaphragm motion and shape in a different tasks using dynamic MRI in volunteers with pathological structural finding of the spine and the control group. Methods: Two groups of volunteers were made, those without pathological finding (n=16) and with structural pathological finding of the spine (n=17). We analyzed diaphragm function in three different tasks in all the volunteers during 1) primary breathing, 2) breathing in the course of lower extremities flexion against resistance and 3) holding the breath in the course of lower extremities flexion against resistance. Diaphragm activity was analyzed using static a dynamic parameters. For the first time ever was used postural and respiratory trace, which were separated from dynamic MRI recording. The thesis analyses frequency and amplitude of the respiratory and postural activity (independent on breathing) and their relationship. Furthermore the thesis evaluates breathe in and breathe out rotation, diaphragm excursion magnitude, inclination of the diaphragm, its height in thorax and also diaphragm motion within its different portion. Results: Diaphragm respiratory and postural changes are slower, bigger in size and better balanced in volunteers group without pathological spinal finding....
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Climatological evaluation of drought on the territory of Bohemia and Moravia in the years 1875-2002
Blinka, Petr ; Sládek, Ivan (advisor) ; Klabzuba, Jiří (referee) ; Munzar, Jan (referee)
The thesis arose with the support of the project "Long-term changes in the regime of occurrence of extreme drought in Czechia". The drought evaluation was based on 8 weather stations which were chosen according to the length of their measurement. They represent the climate of lower and central positions. Two main aims are followed: quantification of drought severity in calendar units (years, vegetation seasons - months April till September) and determining of most considerable dry spells. Beside two new indices DI and EvaDI the drought severity was also quantified by EDI which is based on the concept of the effective precipitation method proposed by H. R. Buyn a D. A. Wilhite. We paid special attention to the weather station Prague-Klementinum for which we estimated values of daily potential evapotranspiration. We used these estimates together with daily precipitation values for calculation of three other new drought indices EDImod, EDI2 and EvaDI2. We determined the most considerable dry spells by using the effective precipitation method. We also tried to identify dry spells which occurred at the same time at all weather stations. At the weather station Prague-Klementinum we tested out the modified effective precipitation method. Beside daily precipitation our modification also counts with values...
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ANCA-Associated Vasculitides : Complex Diagnostic Approach
Hrušková, Zdenka ; Posová, Helena (advisor) ; Stříž, Ilja (referee) ; Žák, Aleš (referee)
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess cellular immunity parameters in patients with ANCA (Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies)-associated vasculitides (AAV) at different stages of the disease, with different treatment modalities, and with respect to the long-term prognosis of the patients. Methods: We examined 69 patients with AAV, 30 healthy individuals and 20 patients with chronic kidney disease. Using flow cytometry, the following markers were assessed in peripheral blood cells: surface molecules (CD4, CD8, CD3, CD19, CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, CD28, CXCR3, CCR5, CD30 and CRTH2) and intracellular cytokines (interferon gamma (IFN), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 in CD3+ T cells and IL-10 and IL-12 in monocytes). Results: Patients with AAV had decreased total number of lymphocytes, CD4+ cells, and CD4+CD45RA+ cells compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). Active patients had increased CD30 and CRTH2 expression (p<0.05). Increased CCR5 expression persisted in remission. Increased HLA-DR expression, expansion of CD28 subpopulation and increased IFN production were noted in remission but not in active disease. Patients in remission who developed a relapse during follow-up had significantly lower IL-10 production than those without relapse (p<0.01). Conclusions: Taken...
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Physiological Load Imposed on the Ice-hockey Goalkeeper in a Match
Dobiáš, Martin ; Süss, Vladimír (advisor) ; Vojta, Zdeněk (referee)
4 ABSTRACT Thesis title: Physiological Load Imposed on the Ice-hockey Goalkeeper in a Match Thesis goals: - To describe the load imposed on the goalkeeper during ice-hockey matches - To compare the results of laboratory measurements with other studies - To describe the goalkeeper's load during the game within the defence third - To describe the goalkeeper's load during the game outside of the defence third - To describe the goalkeeper's load during the power play within the defence third Methods: The thesis presents a descriptive case study based on monitoring the heart rate of an ice-hockey goalkeeper during the match. The results were obtained through observations and a record of the goalkeeper's heart rate. The study was realized during three ice-hockey matches. Results: - The goalkeeper's heart rate was above the aerobic threshold - In comparison with other studies the laboratory test results were lower - For most of the game within the defence third the goalkeeper's heart rate was above the aerobic threshold - During the game outside of the defence third the goalkeeper's heart rate was mostly below the aerobic threshold - During the power play within the defence third the goalkeeper's heart rate was above the aerobic threshold Key terms: ice-hockey, goalkeeper, physiological load during the match,...
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Prevention of syndrom diabetic foot
Červená, Andrea ; Hošková, Blanka (advisor) ; Majorová, Simona (referee)
Title of the project: Prevention of syndrom diabetic foot Purpose of the project: Aplication ofthree excercising methods which can influence risk factors of syndrom diabetic foot and to compare effectiveness each method. Used methods: This project was based on experiment and comparison. Experiment was based on composition of three motional programs, which can improve vascularization and nerve suplly in lower limbs and aplication these methods on group of patients. Group of patiens consists of 20 diabetics, age between 60 - 80 years, men and women, who had diagnosis of disease diabetes mellitus for more than 5 years. Methods were aplied in consecutive way: conditional training, method of sensomotorical stimulation and excercising in the water bath. Each method was aplied for two weeks with two weeks break. Than was compared effetiveness each method. Results: Aplication of methods confirmed that motional program, which improves vascularization and nerve supply, can improve risk factors of syndrom diabetic foot. Before start the experiment respondents evaluated all symptoms and draw them in the schneme body form. They assesed intensity of these symptoms at the scale O- 4 point. The examination was repeated after aplication each of method. Results obtained showed that higger effectiveness had method of...
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Risk factors for atherosclerosis and its potential pharmacological effects in patients with coronary artery disease and lower limb
Hromádka, Milan ; Filipovský, Jan (advisor) ; Piťha, Jan (referee) ; Šimon, Jaroslav (referee)
1 Statin therapy in patients with peripheral artery obstructive disease (PAOD) 1.1 Patients with lipid metabolism disorders Simvastatin therapy with the dose titration adjusted to the effect led to the prolongation of claudication interval and to the elevation of ankle-brachial pressure index, which was statistically significant at the interval of 18 months after starting the therapy. At the same time we observed normalization of lipid levels and the lowest levels of oxidative stress markers. Statin use was also associated with lowering homocysteine level. 1.2 Patients without lipid metabolism disorders - the influence on laboratory parameters and functional capacity In patients without lipid metabolism disorder, treated with simvastatin 20 mg daily, we noted an improvement, i.e. prolongation of claudication interval and elevation of ankle-brachial pressure index, while in the control group treated only with a diet we observed further deterioration of capacity. In the control group, the parameters of lipid metabolism were statistically significantly worse after six months and this trend remained even in further control visits with HDL cholesterol slightly lowering. In the simvastatin group, a statistically significant decrease of LDL occurred during several months as well as elevation of HDL...
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