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The changes in perception of social and distributive justice in the Czech Republic after the year 1989
Prokůpková, Zuzana ; Tuček, Milan (advisor) ; Jeřábek, Hynek (referee)
This thesis is specialized for perception of social and distributive justice in the Czech Republic after the year 1989 with the target to specify the potential changes and differences in the individual opinions caused by the influence of transformation. The thesis starts with a definition of the concept of social and distributive justice and after that it consists of one methodological and two empirical sections. The methodological part determines the questions which are probed in a survey (secondary analysis) than the used data files and chosen personal characteristics. This diploma work also clarifies (represents) a focus groups research, its process, the sample and the target groups. The secondary analysis of perception of social and distributive justice is the first empirical part the target of which is to identify the changes which had happened in 1990s. The next goal is to determine the factors on which perception of justice was depended. These outcomes are replenished by the view of the perception of the justice in the year 2005 when the similar survey was made. The focus group research is the other part of the thesis which could examine into individual motives and determines the concrete facts which are the reasons of individual persuasion about justice or injustice. The attempt of finding the model...
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Fair trade
Bělíková, Zuzana ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee)
This paper deals with the concept and current form of fair trade - business cooperation with producers in developing countries to the end of ensuring them a higher standard of living through offering them better prices for their products. The study summarizes the development of fair trade since its establishment in the forties of the last century till the latest stage, which is characterized by internationally recognized certificates being issued for products made in fair trade production. The paper also attempts to identify and clarify important moments which encouraged the implementation of this initiative. In the second part of the paper the author focuses on a more detailed analysis of how fair trade works. She identifies its differences from conventional trade and, using coffee as an example, demonstrates price differences in both distribution channels. Further she maps the volume of fair trade within Europe and over the world, arriving to the conclusion that this sector has been significantly growing in the last few years. As a determinant of the future development of fair trade, she accentuates sufficient interest of customers in fair-traded products. In the last chapter she discusses problematic areas and the critique of the concept. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Formation of spatio-temporal molecular gradients in early embryonic development of Xenopus laevis.
Šídová, Monika ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Pěknicová, Jana (referee) ; Petr, Jaroslav (referee)
Clarifying the underlying spatio-temporal mechanisms that determine body pattern is important for detailed understanding of embryonic development. A crucial question of vertebrate embryogenesis remains: when and how are single blastomeres determined for differentiation that subsequently leads to body axes specification and the formation of different tissues and organs? The answer to this question will be beneficial for primary research as well as in the field of applied medicine. The main aim of the presented thesis was to study spatio-temporal molecular gradients of cell fate determinants during early embryonic development. The African clawed frog Xenopus laevis was used as a model organism because of their large size of oocytes and external embryonic development. Due to late activation of embryonic transcription, a crucial mechanism of early blastomeres determination is dependent on asymmetric localization of maternal factors within oocyte and their uneven distribution into single blastomeres during early cell division. Two main localization patterns were identified along the animal-vegetal axis of the mature Xenopus oocyte using qPCR tomography. The localization gradient with preference in either animal or vegetal hemisphere was found for maternal mRNA as well as miRNAs. Moreover, two vegetal...
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Problems of the hip in patients with childhood cerebral palsy in childhood and adolescence. Experimentally influenced centering of the hip by a combination of operational tactics
Schejbalová, Alena ; Trč, Tomáš (advisor) ; Koudela, Karel (referee) ; Karpaš, Karel (referee) ; Kokavec, Milan (referee)
Cerebral palsy it must be nonprogressive brain lesion or lesions. The original lesion must occur prenatally, at birth, or early in the postnatal period. The primary disorder involves the musculoskeletal systém and lack of motor control, mental retardation or defects of hearing, language. Prevalence of cerebral palsy is different - between 0,6- 5,9 per 1000 births. In Western countries, the birth prevalence rate is about 2,0 per 1000. In children with cerebral palsy the hip joint appears to be relative nornmal at birth. There is abnormally increased femoral anteversion and neck-shaft angle. Increasing adduction-flexion contractures of the hip, acetabular dysplasia, subluxation eventual dislocation of the hip.Adduction deformity of the hip is caused by spasticity and contracture of the hip adductors and the medial hamstrings. Flexion deformity of the hip is primarily caused by spasticity and contracture of the iliopsoas and secondarily by rectus femoris muscles. When the rectus femoris is the cause, hip flexion deformity is increased with the knee in flexion and decreased with the knee in extension. When it is due to the iliopsoas muscle, the position of the knee has no effect on the degree of hip flexion contracture ( Thomas test). On passive flexion of the knee, if the test is positive, the pelvis will...
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Changes in the composition and localization of gangliosides in cholestasis associated with other markers of pathological processes in hepatocytes.
Petr, Tomáš ; Muchová, Lucie (advisor) ; Mičuda, Stanislav (referee) ; Befekadu, Asfaw (referee)
This thesis is focused on the study of glycosphingolipids in the rat liver in different types of cholestasis and the effect of oxidative stress on changes in the composition and localization of gangliosides. First, it was necessary to optimize the immunochemical detection of glycosphingolipids. GM1 ganglioside was selected as a representative of a large glycolipid family. We found that minimum water content in the fixing solution was a key condition for fixation of histological sections. Optimized method of GM1 detection was subsequently used in in vivo experiments. We have demonstrated that estrogen-induced cholestasis characterized by high concentrations of bile acids and increased oxidative stress caused changes in the synthesis and distribution of liver gangliosides. HMOX induction is associated with a reduction in oxidative stress level and accompanied by normalization in GSL content. In experiments with obstructive cholestasis, we found that changes in the distribution and synthesis of gangliosides were not strictly specific to a particular type of cholestasis. We assume that it represents a general mechanism of hepatoprotection. We also confirmed the important role of bilirubin, product of HMOX reaction, in protection of hepatocytes against oxidative damage caused by high concentrations of...
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Interface-Based Software Development
Rais, Aziz ; Pecinovský, Rudolf (advisor) ; Lacko, Branislav (referee) ; Merunka, Vojtěch (referee)
Even though there are many software development and project management methodologies available, research and practice both show that IT software development projects still fail, and that the quality of software products does not always meet customers' expectations. There might be multiple causes for such failures, but some of these reasons can be seen to influence or create others. Therefore, the larger the project is, the higher its risk of failure, especially if the teams involved work remotely (distributed and outsourced). This increase in project complexity is considered the motivation for this paper. Similarly, there are other factors that can result in a project's failure and customers' dissatisfaction regarding software quality. All such factors identified by research conducted by organizations specializing in this area are analyzed in order to identify a common root of IT project failures. Once the root causes of these failures have been identified and analyzed, the goal of the Interface based software development methodology is to solve them. The solution offered by an Interface based software development methodology is to improve understanding of software requirements and to describe these requirements with interfaces in an object-oriented way. Interface based software development will support and drive development towards service-oriented architecture (SOA) and component-based development (CBD). The goal of interface based software development is to increase software testability and maintainability and to make it more easily feasible to execute various software development processes in parallel.
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Economic analysis of influence of weather extremes on working and return on investment of small hydropower plants in the Czech republic betwen 2000-2015
Pavlík, Vladimír ; Macháč, Jan (advisor) ; Louda, Jiří (referee)
Nowadays, investments to small hydroelectric power stations are still highly profitable. Return on investment of a small hydroelectric power station is frequently half the period guaranteed by the state or by energy regulatory authority (Energy Regulatory Office, ERO). There is an information asymmetry among the state, as the entity that providing a subsidy, and operator of a small hydroelectric power station. These power station have constantly great potential. However, the risk of extreme hydrological fluctuations caused by floods or drought is discussed more thoroughly. Consequently, these fluctuations might harm the return on investment. The aim of this thesis is to determine to what extent hydrological extremes will affect the return on investment...
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Lynch syndrome - etiology, diagnostics and therapy
MARŠÍKOVÁ, Dominika
Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, HNPCC) is an inherited disease with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with high penetrance leading to an early development of colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer and other malignancies. This disease is caused by germline mutations of genes MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, MSH6, MLH3 and TGFBR2. Diagnosis of this disease includes Amsterdam Criteria and genetic testing. Therapy takes place by surgical, chemoprevention and chemical medication. The incidence of Lynch syndrome is relatively high: 1:2000 up to 1:660.
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Moral Hazard of Humanitarian Intervention: Case Study Kosovo
Kodrazi, Suzan ; Lehmannová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Veselý, Zdeněk (referee) ; Pelikán, Jan (referee) ; Vávra, Přemysl (referee)
The main ambition of this doctoral thesis is to contribute to the development of interdisciplinary application of the concept of moral hazard developedin economic and insurance theory to the context of the inter-state conflicts with potential international intervention. The basic theoretical framework used in the thesis is derived from the concept of moral hazard of humanitarian intervention by Alan Kuperman who claims that the newly established norm of humanitarian intervention may well have unintended negative consequences. Kuperman argues that if the mere existence of insurance creates sufficient incentive for the insured to modify their behavior to the extent that they engage in the riskier behavior due to the fact that they are insured against the consequences of their actions, the rebels may well optimize their behavior in the same way. Currently, the transfer of the moral hazard theory to the context of interventions is hindered by a number of existing obstacles stemming from the differences in these areas. This thesis concentrates on reduction of three main identified drawbacks and addresses them by formulating three main research questions and derived hypothesis. The aim of this approach is to examine the limits of application and create the space for development of the concept of moral hazard of humanitarian intervention in the future research. (1) What is the interpretation potential, value added and limits of application of economic theory of moral hazard to the context of humanitarian intervention from the theoretical perspective? Hypothesis 1:The concept of moral hazard represents an efficienttool for evaluation of humanitarian intervention. (2) What is the potential of causal mechanism established by the Kuperman´s hypothesis to explain the reasons why in certain cases the state decides to escalate the inter-state conflict despite the public threats of intervention at a general level of research? Hypothesis 2: The threat of intervention causes the escalation of the inter-state conflict. (3) To what extent does Kuperman´s hypothesis modified to the conflict in Kosovo correspond with the actual state of affairs and their development? Hypothesis 3: The threat of intervention NATO/USA caused the escalation of conflict in Kosovo.
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