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Microfltration nanofibrous membrane for wastewater treatment
Lev, J. ; Holba, Marek ; Došek, M. ; Kalhotka, L. ; Detvanová, L. ; Dostálová, L. ; Přichystalová, J. ; Vincent, I. ; Kimmer, D.
Pilot testing of nanofiber membrane module demonstrated long-term stability of the filtration process in activated sludge and showed the applicability in real-world conditions at the wastewater treatment plant. Microbial contamination of samples of the filtrate reached log removal 2 CFU/mL. Filtration in combination with UV irradiation resulted in a reduction of microbial contamination under required legislative standards. These results supported our assumptions to use nanofibre membranes in membrane bioreactor. Regeneration, optimization and antifouling surface treatment will be another step to increase the competitiveness of nanofiber membranes for water treatment.
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Malé a střední podnikání v odvětví zemědělství
Capková, Pavlína
This thesis deals with the issue of subsidies for small and medium-sized enterprises in the agricultural sector. The main objective is to demonstrate the importance of subsidies and their impact on financial results. Application will be made on practical examples of small enterprises - cooperative farm and private farm, and medium-sized enterprise - school farm Žabčice. To achieve results, there was used secondary data which was obtained from the Czech Statistical Office, Eurostat and the Ministry of Agriculture. The operational objective was the analysis of income, costs and revenues from plant and animal production of the given companies in the year 2013. Within the crop production, there was analyzed wheat, barley and canola. Within the animal products, there were analyzed fattening bulls. Based on the results of the analysis the necessity of subsidies has been demonstrated.
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Exocyst subunit AtSEC15b: its role in plant cell morphogenesis and characterization of its Rab interacting partner
Toupalová, Hana ; Žárský, Viktor (advisor) ; Baluška, František (referee) ; Hašek, Jiří (referee)
Organization of endomembrane compartments in all eukaryotic cells is dependent on continuous transport of membrane vesicles. Major part of the core regulators of intracellular membrane transport is represented by small GTPases from the Rab family. Rab GTPases cycle between the GTP-bound "active" and GDP-bound "inactive" forms. In their active form, they are able to interact with specific effectors and perform their functions. Exocyst is an octameric complex involved in regulation of secretion. It functions as an effector of Rab GTPases in yeast and mammals and tethers secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane prior to the actual membrane fusion. Using publicly available expression data, we have identified candidates from Rab GTPase family for the interaction with exocyst subunit AtSEC15b in plants and demonstrated that AtSEC15b specifically interacts with AtRABA4a GTPase. We also showed that, like in yeast and mammals, Arabidopsis Sec15b binds Rab GTPase also probably in GTP-dependent manner, implying that this interaction is well conserved throughout the eukaryotic kingdoms. We also successfully demonstrated the complementation of yeast thermo-sensitive mutant strain, sec15-1. Based on this observation we concluded that AtSEC15b is able to substitute the function of yeast SEC15 and restore the phenotype....
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The ornamental park tree species as a resource of the Rhabdoviridae family viruses
PECKOVÁ, Lucie
Rhabdoviridae family viruses attacking the plant hosts were only described at the angiosperms. In this work, a gymnosperm rhabdoviridae infection was described for the first time ever ? specifically at Ginkgo biloba. Even though there were not observed any kinds of obvious infection symptoms on any of randomly chosen plant samples, through the molecular methods and detection primers the rhabdoviridae infection was proved at six of the plant samples. The acquired nucleotide and amino acid sequences, which were compared with the GenBank sequences, confirm the Rhabdoviridae family viruses occurrence. These given sequences demonstrated a certain analogy with a Strawberry crinkle virus assigned to the genus of Cytorhabdoviruses. The analyses proved a different reciprocal homology among the nucleotide sequences of the individual isolates, and in all likelihood an occurrence of two up to now unknown viruses in the Ginkgo biloba samples was proved for the first time. A definite categorization will be dependent on an acquisition and comparison of other sequences from the isolates genome and also on certain biological characteristics observation.
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Identification of volatile compounds from waste products of aromatic plants with electronic nose
Malina, Miloň ; Klouček, Pavel (advisor) ; Martin, Martin (referee)
The goal of this work was to develop a simple and inexpensive method for evaluating the content of valuable volatile substances in the waste products of aromatic plants based on using of electronic nose prototype constructed in the Czech University of Life Sciences. A literature review engaged the current issue of the use of essential oils, possibilities for production and summarizes information about the currently utilized electronic noses. The methodology described functions and structures of used prototype of electronic nose. Testing of the prototype of the electronic nose have been done by measurement of the substances standards contained in essential oils (anisole, carvacrol, B-pinene, B-citronellol, carvone) and model waste materials (oregano, lemon balm, anise, caraway, mountain pine needles). The measured values were used to make quantitative and qualitative analyzes which were used to assess the functioning of the electronic nose. The hypothesis of this work was to claim that the electronic nose, which was developed at the Czech University of Life Sciences, can be used for evaluation and recognition of valuable volatile substances contained in waste products of aromatic plants. Quantitative analysis showed that some of the sensors are able to respond well to a change in concentration of the measured substance. Qualitative analysis showed that the electronic nose is capable of distinguishing between different materials and can identify previously measured material among others. Electronic nose despite the lower quality of the components used and the overall low cost of its construction have demonstrated great potential for assessing the content and identification of volatile compounds. Conclusion is that there are several changes and improvements, especially in the software for measured data processing, that have to be made in the future.
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Transport of flavonoids through the cell membranes I.
Deščíková, Veronika ; Martin, Jan (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Veronika Deščíková, Transport of flavonoids through the cell membranes I., graduation thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, thesis supervisor: Mgr. Jan Martin Ph.D., Hradec Králové, 2007, 52 pages This work was aimed at an experimental verification of some of the transport mechanisms for flavonoid baicalin and his aglycone baicalein on suspension cultures derived from plant Scutellaria baicalensis (baikal scullcap). An amount of flavonoids after elicitation by glutathione, orthovanadate and kalium cyanide was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC). According to several recent studies an addition of glutathione should increase an amount of flavonoids. The effect on scullcap suspension cultures showed noticeable decrease of both flavonoids, mainly after 24 and 72 hours of elicitation. Biosynthesis of baicalin was intensively reduced after adding orthovanadate, showing that ABC transporters for this flavonoid are vanadate-sensitive. Elicitation with kalium cyanide didn't demonstrate any significant changes of baicalin or baicalein amount. Using of this cyanide as an elicitor is doubtful due to its unclear interaction with peroxidase system. Keywords: flavonoids - ABC transporters - baicalin - baikal scullcap - Scutellaria baicalensis -...
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An Essence of Human in the Philosophical Anthropology of Max Scheler
KOHOUT, Petr
My bachelor{\crq}s thesis is engaged in philosophical anthropology of Max Scheler, concretely in his human{\crq}s conception. I try to demonstrate an essence of human and differences among human, animals and plants according to Max Scheler. The text is divided into five parts. The first one addresses the biography of Max Scheler. It includes his pieces and minds. The second part nears five ways of views of the human in the past in Occident. The third part deals with mental side of life of human, animals and plants. The fourth part is devoted to essence of human differing from other animated nature. The fifth part solves the human{\crq}s constitution. The conclusion summarises the entire finding knowledge.
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Study of tebuconazole complexes with metal ionts
Norková, Renáta ; Jaklová Dytrtová, Jana (advisor) ; Vyskočil, Vlastimil (referee)
Tebuconazole belongs to widely utilized plant fungicides, mostly in vineyards. Its traces are present in plant tissues, wine as well as in soil. The aim of the study was to determine stoichiometries and stabilities of metal (Cu, Zn, Cd, Ca and Ag) complexes with tebuconazole (1) by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrommetry (ESI-MS). It was found that the complexes of tebuconazole with copper ions are particularly stable ([Cu(1)]+ has appearance energy 224 kJ·mol-1 , corresponding with the dissociation of the water molecule from the tebuconazole molecule), while the stability of another tebuconazole complexes is lower, about 150 kJ·mol-1 . In real environmental samples, the detection of 1 itself is hampered by its spreading into various species. The method involved here is based upon a hyphenation of electrochemistry (amperometry) and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). It uses the fact that Cu creates very stable complexes with 1. We demonstrate that at appropriate potentials (at higher than 500 mV) Cu cations can be generated in an electrochemical cell and subsequently form complexes with 1 present in the sample. The resulting complex [Cu(1)]+ is detected with ESI-MS. The intensity of detected complexes depends on the concentration of 1 and the oxidation level of the...
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