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Endosonography of anal sphincters
JURÁK, Pavel
Endosonography of anus is an ultrasound method which provides a full image of external and internal anal sphincter and its defects, gaping of free edges, weakening or degenerative changes. There are many expressions denoting the mentioned examination, some of them can be even misleading as to the instruments used (endoscopic ultrasonography is not the same as endosonography). After studying domestic and foreign literature and articles in medical journals, I found out that the concrete examination can be denoted by different names but it is just the matter of differently viewed terminology. Thus the anal sphincter can be examined by endosonography, endoanal sonography, endoanal ultrasonography, transrectal ultrasonography, rectal sonography. However, all of these terms relate to the examination of rectum or anus with the use of a rigid high-frequency ultrasound probe. The thesis deals with injuries to anal sphincter and their diagnostics. Apart from the examination based on endosonography I also describe other related methods. It was necessary to mention some anatomical structures of the pelvic floor, the knowledge of which makes it possible to interpret the ultrasound records. The objective of the thesis was to evaluate the quality of anal sphincter imaging in dependence on the technical standard of the ultrasound devices. I elaborated questionnaires and sent them to chosen workplaces. Each workplace is thus represented by a questionnaire with replies and a supplement which includes the pictures of technical equipment and a concrete image of anal sphincters. These images were described and assessed subjectively, on the basis of obtained parameters and personal experience. According to the results of the thesis it is possible to state that the technical standard of the equipment considerably influences the quality of anal sphincter images. The contribution of the bachelor thesis can be seen in providing the professionals as well as the public with more information on the theme in question.
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Petr Eben - Cantica Comeniana I - Analysis of Arrangement of ten songs from Amsterodam songbook
Dittrichová, Johana ; Nedělka, Michal (referee) ; Bělohlávková, Petra (advisor)
This thesi s is devoted to a complex analysis of the songs from Cantica Comeniana by Petr Eben. The songs are modem arrangements of Komensky's songs printed in Amsterodam Hymnbook. Analyses of Eben's arrangements of the songs were compared to their originals. When arranging the songs, Eben minded the original number of their verses and only in three songs is the number of verses reduced. The same tendency - to be as close to original as possible - can be observed in cases of modus and key. Melody varies just once, in the fifth song, which is definitely because the modus shift. Metre and rhythm of Eben's arrangements are the same as in Komensky's works with the exception of a few songs where changing the rhythm or metre is necessary to assimilate with lyrics more accurately (the fifth song can well serve as an example of changing metre and rhythm - both - for music to work better together with the lyrics. Second area the thesis touches are the scores of Eben's arrangements. Most of the songs are addapted for a three-part choir. Songs one three and ten are composed for a three-part choir a capella, songs two, seven and nine require a recorder and the first adaptation of the fifth song, for three-part choir as well, is composed for a baritone instrument. Songs four, five (its third adaptation) and six are...
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Selected legal aspects of mergers and acquisitions and their use in practice
Jiříčková, Karolina ; Kříž, Radim (advisor) ; Knotek, Václav (referee)
Mergers and acquisitions belong to the most used terms in today's economic environment. The reason why is obvious. The optimal allocation of company resources is becoming more and more important and the merger is currently one of the instruments which can support the advantages of synergic effect and can help the companies to be more competitive at the global market. Mergers are proceeding both at domestic and international level and hence it is important to have a clear law in this area. Membership in European Union determines a legal treatment of mergers in the Czech Republic which means that the relevant European regulations need to be implemented into the Czech legal code. This diploma thesis objective is to partially introduce the merger issue in the Czech law and to use the real examples to show some selected implications of the merge processes. Just the real examples illustrate how difficult the merge processes are and how many necessary steps need to be accomplished to successfully merge two or more companies and enter the merger into Czech Trade Register.
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European Union Allowance as a Security and Financial Instrument
Tůma, Jan ; Kříž, Radim (advisor) ; Chára, Petr (referee)
European Union Emission Trading System has been in operation since 2005 and to this point the legal nature of European Union Allowances is still controversial. Moreover, this question is complicated by fact, that a member state can not handle this problem, because it is acquis communautaire to solve it. The aim of this study is to explore the legal nature of allowance in Czech legal system, in merito, whether it is a security and/or a financial instrument. In conclusion, allowance is neither of those and its legal nature is still unclear, but also it does not really matter by now. Nevertheless, for the future smooth functioning of the EU ETS it is necessary that European Commission pursues this subject.
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Selected legal instruments used in the enforcement process of cartel agreements
Šemora, Vítězslav ; Boháček, Martin (advisor) ; Raus, David (referee)
The focal point of the dissertation is the term of cartel, which could be described as agreements distorting competition concluded by competitors on the horizontal level of the market, and, above all, legal instruments which are used in the process of detecting and punishing cartels. In particular, the dissertation thesis deals with three of possible instruments used in the enforcement process of cartels, i.e. with dawn rides (unannounced on-the-spot inspections/investigations carried out in business and non-business premises), sanctions and sanction policies and with the leniency programs. These instruments are generally thought to be the most important and most effective tools in the enforcement process of cartels and necessary precondition of efficiency of competition law itself. In accordance with the topic, the dissertation thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is concerned with theoretical and normative definitions of agreements distorting competition and cartels. The main purpose of this part is to provide basic characteristics of these terms and to describe them in a way which will create a basement for explanation of the three legal instruments, which form the focal point of the thesis. Second, fundamental part of the dissertation, deals with commentary to selected legal instruments, mentions already above. In particular it consists of three chapters, each one dealing with one of the instruments in question. In the final part of the dissertation are introduced conclusions and evaluations of the three legal instruments and also some proposals pro futuro.
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Perceptions of mainstream and special education teachers towards the education of children with special educational needs in mainstream schools in the Czech Republic
Gaewu, Gustav Kojo ; Šiška, Jan (advisor) ; Novosad, Libor (referee)
The study aims at finding out the perceptions of mainstream and special education teachers towards the education of children with special educational needs in mainstream schools in the Czech Republic. Research has shown that teacher perceptions are important in determining the effectiveness of inclusive education, as teachers are the school personnel most responsible for implementing inclusive education. The research was specifically conducted in one special school for children with mental disability, autism and physical disability, Rakovník, and three mainstream schools in Prague. Qualitative, interpretive research design was used, and the research instruments employed were focus group discussion and semi structured interview. Female teachers constituted the focus group whilst one male teacher, being the deputy head teacher of one mainstream school, was interviewed. The findings suggest that the participants from the special school did not have positive perception towards the education of children with special educational needs in the mainstream setting because of the unavailability of the necessary resources and support services in the mainstream schools. The participants from the mainstream setting, although they expressed the importance of inclusive education, were of the view that the mainstream...
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Consumer's protection in financial services sector
Petr, Rostislav ; Kořánová, Helena (advisor) ; Hůlová, Marie (referee)
The objective of this bachelor's thesis is to present instruments of consumer's protection, which are available in sector of financial services. This is including the ways of performing this protection and who to ask for help in case of any problems. After the joining of the Czech Republic to European Union it is necessary to enhance the general view of this issue, because the palette of accessible instruments has widened. The examples of sample out-of-court resolutions of cross-border disputes within EU are also included in this thesis.
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The capital controls and their impact in the short and long term
Papežík, Ondřej ; Šíma, Ondřej (advisor) ; Pour, Jiří (referee)
The present thesis analyzes the application of capital controls and their impact on the economy in the short and long term. These regulatory measures have gone through many periods and opinions in which they were considered as both positive and negative instrument not only of monetary policy. Global financial crisis of 2008 has again raised a lot of questions dealing with this topic. Capital controls may help ease the acute problems associated with inflows or outflows in the short term but they will not solve the issue of the country's susceptibility to movements of primarily debt capital. Long-term capital closeness (whether in terms of export or import) may causes, inter alia, the excessive accumulation of savings in the domestic closed economy or lack of capital for economic development. Therefore, when applying capital controls it is also necessary to improve the country's institutional quality which proved to be an important determinant of capital flows.
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Semi-automated assessment of micromechanical properties of the metal foams on the cell-wall level
Krčmářová, Nela ; Šleichrt, J. ; Doktor, T. ; Kytýř, Daniel ; Jiroušek, O.
Metal foams are innovative porous material used for wide range of application such as deformation energy or sound absorption, filter material, or microbiological incubation carrier. To predict mechanical properties of the metal foam is necessary to precisely describe elasto–plastic properties of the foam on cell–wall level. Indentation with low load is suitable tool for this purpose. In this paper custom designed instrumented microindentation device was used for measurement of cell-wall characteristics of two different aluminium foams (ALPORAS and ALCORAS). To demonstrate the possibility of automated statistical estimation of measured characteristics the device had been enhanced by semi-automatic indent positioning and evaluation procedures based on user-defined grid. Vickers hardness was measured on two samples made from ALPORAS aluminium foam and one sample from ALCORAS aluminium foam. Average Vickers hardness of ALPORAS foam was 24.465 HV1.019 and average Vickers hardness of ALCORAS was 36.585 HV1.019..
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