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Výživa onkologických pacientů
Grossová, Lucie
The aim of the thesis was to create nutritional recommendations for patients with cancer and to develop sample menus for these patients. The first chapter is devoted to a general description of cancer. Also described herein are outer and genetic factors involved in the occurrence of cancer diseases. Other chapters deal with the evaluation of nutritional status of cancer patients and complications that may accompany patients with insufficient nutrition. The fourth chapter describes the possibilities of nutritional support for cancer patients. The last chapter includes nutrition recommendations and Nutriceutics selected which have a protective effect against some types of cancer.
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The influence on the quality of life by home enteral nutrition
Horáčková, Michaela ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Ševela, Stanislav (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of home enteral tube feeding on the quality of patient's life. The work is divided into the theoretical, and the practical part. The theoretical part deals with the clinical nutrition topic, it describes the basic components of nutrition and their distribution, energy metabolism, problems of malnutrition, its causes, types, effects, screening and diagnostics. It also describes a system of nutritional care and nutritional team. Further defined the term enteral nutrition and its allocation, indications, contraindications, monitoring of enteral nutrition, description of the types of tube feeding and appropriate appliances. Next part gives attention to problematics and specifications of domestic tube feeding. The last chapter deals with the concept of quality of life, both general definition of the term, and quality of life relative to health and how it could be evaluated. The practical part deals with research of the quality of life of patients with tube feeding. For evaluating the quality of life I used The Short Form (36) Health Survey. Patients of IV Internal Clinic of General University Hospital in Prague responded to the survey. Results are listed to graphs. The aim of this thesis, after researching patient's quality of life, was to confirm the...
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The need for nutritional intervention for patients after stroke
Šišková, Ivana ; Hlinovský, David (advisor) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee)
Need of nutritional intervention in patients after stroke Summary Aims: To identify how many patients after acute stroke have accurate oral intake of energy and proteins and how is this condition changed after one month of hospitalization. To evaluate the association between dysphagia and food intake. Methods: The evaluation was conducted by observations of food intake, eaten food records, calculating of energy and nutrients intake and comparing to needed energy (by Harris-Benedicts equation) and proteins. GUSS screening tool was used to evaluation of swallowing, ADL test for self-sufficiency assessment. Data included antropometrical indicators (weight, height, arm circumference) and nutritional screenings in Thomayer hospital in Prague. Results: Of the 35 patients, 54 % had adequate oral intake of energy and 23 % adequate intake of proteins in the first week after stroke. Adequate oral intake of energy was indicated in 66 % of patients and adequate intake of proteins in 11 % after one month of hospitalization. There were no significant improvements of oral energy intake (p=0,2891, α=0,05) or protein intake (p=0,1336, α=0,05) after one month of hospitalization. 84,4 % of patients suffered from dysphagia in first week after stroke and 60,6 % after one month of hospitalization. Correlation between inadequate...
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Nutritional status of long-term hospitalized patients in psychiatric hospital
Svobodová, Hana ; Tomášek, Jiří (advisor) ; Petr, Tomáš (referee)
Objectives: The aim of this non-interventional observational study was to determine the nutritional statu s of long-term hospitalized pacients in a psychiatric hospital using anthropometric indicators of nutritional status. Assess the presence of overweight, obesity and pathological waist circumference in patients with schizophrenia. Evaluate the incidence of malnutrition and risk of its development in patients with dementia. Methods: The data were obtained by measuring the selected patients in Psychiatric hospital Kosmonosy, were collected data on body weight, arm circumference, waist and calf. Data were completed by information from nursing records - body height of the patient, age, length of hospital stay and used antipsychotic medication. The data of weight and height were used to calculated BMI. Results: The study included a total of 121 patients, of whom 56 (46.28 %) men and 65 (53.72 %) women. Patients were divided into two groups by diagnosis, the first group of schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorders (93 patients) and another group with a diagnosis of dementia (28 patients). In the first group, the incidence of overweight was present in 26.88 % of patients, obesity in 25.81 % of patients and abdominal obesity was present in 79.57 % of patients. The highest average BMI, the prevalence...
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Quality of life at home parenteral nutriton
Hauerová, Nikola ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
Bachelor thesis deals with quality of the life at home parenteral nutrition. Theoretical part briefly describes nutritional support, malnutrition and compares artificial nutrition. Further is described knowledge related to parenteral nutrition, its indications, contraindications, methods of filling; complications associated with venous access and the administration of nutrition itself. Other chapters focus on the home parenteral nutrition and last part deals with the notion: quality of life. To meet the main purpose of the work four objectives were set. The first objective was to determine the life quality of the patients on HPN. The second objective was to determine how patients on HPN were satisfied with support of the nutritional clinic. The third objective was to assess the extent to which symptoms affect the quality of life patients on HPN. A fourth objective was focused on comparing the quality of the life patients on HPN with and without stoma. The research part is compiled from anonymous standardized questionnaire dealing with the evaluation of quality of the life from the perspective of the patients themselves. The outcome of this work is detailed overview of the quality of the life and alerts the neglected quality of the life patients on HPN. Keywords: artificial nutrition, malnutrition,...
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Quality of life at home enteral nutriton
Petříčková, Dagmar ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Ševela, Stanislav (referee)
Author: Petříčková Dagmar Institution: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 1. lékařská fakulta Title: Quality of life on home nasoenteral nutrition Tutor: as. MUDr. Eva Meisnerová Number of pages: 58 Number of supplements: 2 Year: 2016 Key words: malnutrition, enteral nutrition, quality of life, SF-36 questionnaire The theme of the thesis is the quality of life for patients at home nasoenteral nutrition. The theoretical part describes the problems of malnutrition as a frequent and serious complication of the disease. It emphasized the importance of prevention or early detection of emerging malnutrition. Various options and types of nutritional support are listed in the middle part. More detailed is characteristics and ways of enteral nutrition, its indications and contraindications . There is further elaborated the concept of quality of life, which may be significantly affected by disease or its treatment. This part includes a description of methods of examining the quality of life . The research part investigates the quality of life of patients at home nasoenteral nutrition. The results were obtained by using a standardized questionnaire SF- 36, which is a widely used tool to determine the quality of life in relation to health .
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The options of nutritional support in inflamatory bowel disease
Polachová, Monika ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Novotný, Aleš (referee)
In my bachelor's work I describe the idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases. The theoretical part is devoted to the history, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, basic characteristics of the disease and the current treatment options. One of the serious consequences of the inflammatory bowel diseases is malnutrition, which then affects the treatment, worsens the course of the disease and reduces the quality of life of patients. The cause of malnutrition in these patients is both inflammatory activity during a relapse, the side effects of drug therapy and reduced food intake due to the numerous diarrhea and abdominal pain. In the practical part I monitored the patients during my practice in gastroenterology clinic. The aim of my work was to determine what attention is paid to the state of nutrition of patients with severe course of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which were indicated by the biological treatment. Monitoring of nutritional status, nutritional support and correction of malnutrition is an integral part of the treatment, during which a nutritional therapist plays an important role. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Nutrition Day at the standard and intensive care beds in the teaching hospital
Lupoměská, Petra ; Meisnerová, Eva (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
The Bachelor thesis consists of two parts - the theoretical and the practical one. The theoretical part is divided into several chapters; the first one is focused on the main information about malnutrition such as its definition, prevalence, classification, causes, impact and the methods of diagnosing. The following chapter describes the algorithm for nutritional care; the rest of the chapters deal with the artificial nutrition, where the indications, contraindications, complications and other essential information related to enteral and parenteral nutrition are described. The practical part is dedicated to the worldwide programme "Nutrition day" and also to the evaluation of the data given by patients of the 4th internal clinic VFN in Prague during the programme. The research part was carried out on grounds of quantitative survey through a standardized questionnaire. There are two aims to the study; the first one was to find out the food intake of all patients of the 4th internal clinic. This goal was not accomplished, because not every patient placed in the standard ward was willing to complete the questionnaire. However, the study showed that only 29 % out of 62 patients who completed the questionnaire ate the whole portion of meal. The second aim was to find out if the daily calorie intake...
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Novel biomarkers in patients with renal disease
Zakiyanov, Oskar ; Kalousová, Marta (advisor) ; Teplan, Vladimír (referee) ; Průša, Richard (referee)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are major public health problems. It is important to be able to identify those at high risk of adverse outcome, CKD progression and associated cardiovascular disease. The aim of the thesis was to study novel promising biomarkers, their relationship to kidney function, chronic inflammation and/or cardiovascular risk - placental growth factor (PlGF), pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), calcium binding protein S100A12 or extracellular newly identified RAGE binding protein (EN-RAGE), and high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB-1) in patients with renal diseases including CKD, haemodialysis (HD), AKI patients, and healthy controls for comparison. First study revealed that PlGF is elevated in patients with decreased renal function. Second study demonstrated the association of MMP-2 and PAPP-A with proteinuria in patients with CKD. Moreover, serum MMP-2, MMP-9 and PAPP-A levels significantly differed in patients with various nephropathies. EN-RAGE levels are not elevated in patients with CKD, but are related to inflammatory status. PAPP-A, EN-RAGE and HMGB-1 levels are significantly elevated, but sRAGE and PlGF...
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