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Seasonal dynamics and diversity of protist organisms in peat bog microhabitats.
Mutinová, Petra ; Kulichová, Jana (advisor) ; Šťastný, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarizes the literature dealing with diversity of protist organisms in peatlands. First part presents brief general characteristics of peatlands for the acquisition of basic knowledge about this ecosystem. Further, this work concerns closely with spatial dynamics of protists in peatlands, with emphasis on microbiotops. The final part reviews available information on seasonal dynamics of protist organisms in peatlands and also on the factors that have an influence on seasonality. This work concludes that the community of protist organisms in peatlands is different from those observed in other ecosystems. The composition of the community of protists in peatlands is very heterogeneous, because it depends on the type of microbiotop and prevailing physicochemical conditions. The communities of protist organisms are subject to seasonal dynamics as well. Nonetheless, this issue is largely unexplored so far, because there are substantially less recent studies concerning peatlands than for example other aquatic ecosystems that are frequently used for water quality monitoring.
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Toxicity of nanomaterials to aquatic crustaceans
Novotná, Kateřina ; Kočí, Vladimír (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
Nowadays, nanomaterials are broadly used for many purposes thanks to their unique properties. The production of nanoscale materials is growing rapidly. Consequently, it means a high probability of their release into the environment and there are concerns about their possible negative effects on organisms. Furthermore, the behaviour of nanomaterials might be strongly influenced by many factors and there are many different types of them, so there is still a big information gap in this field. The aim of this work is to summarize basic facts about nanomaterials and their possible toxicity, especially to the fresh-water crustacean Daphnia magna. An impact of nanoscale zero-valent iron particles is tested on this species. This material is used for remediation so it is injected directly into the environment. Concentrations of 0,1 g·l-1 , 0,5 g·l-1 , 1 g·l-1 and 2,5 g·l-1 of two products with different surface modifications were tested. It was found that the toxicity depends on the type of stabilization. EC50 was not established for NANOFER 25S (with a special surface modification) due to the maximum immobilization rate of only 30 % for the concentrations tested. However, the EC50 value for NANOFER 25 (without the special surface modification) is 0,94 g·l-1 . These results confirm that it is necessary to...
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Secondary raw materials for construction and recultivation of averse impacts of anthropogenic activity on the environment
Suchomelová, Leona ; Kudrna, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Slomek, Jiří (referee)
This work concern utilization of waste in order to produce secondary raw materials and its trying to describe the possible applications of these materials in the best way to meet the economic and ecological requirements. It contains a brief description of the characteristics of secondary raw materials, which have the greatest benefit for use in the construction, which are especially large volume raw materials produced from industrial waste. It focuses mostly on fly ash, slag produced by blast furnace and steelworks and waste produced in construction sites. Use of secondary raw materials are divided on production of raw materials produced from fly ash and slag, on construction of roads, where it's possible to apply large volumes of fly ash, slag and other secondary materials, and construction and reclamation of waste dumps and wasteponds. It also concerns negative influence of secondary raw materials to the environment, levels of pollutants in solid and the water extract.
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desalination of see water
Pokorný, Lukáš ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Pivokonský, Martin (referee)
Along with the Earth's population growth the requirements for water supply increase. Resources of fresh water are already unable to supply citizens, industry and agriculture of some countries. This concerns in particular xeric, long-shore areas as Australia. These areas dispose of huge amount of water. Unfortunately it is saline water. Saline water contains lots of solute matter concentrated in 37000 mg per liter, which makes it unsuitable for any use. With an assistance of membrane processes it is possible to rid the water of this solute matter and hereafter use it as fresh water for industry or agriculture. The most expoited method of saline water purification is reverse osmosis, which offers the best performance in proportion to the consumtion of electric energy.
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Evaluation of conditions for the development of clusters in South Bohemia region
FENCLOVÁ, Michaela
The diploma work deals with development of clusters in South Bohemia. The aim of the work is the analysies of present situation of production creation of clusters in South Bohemia, evaluation of possibilities for the development and inception of new clusters and comparison with the situation in abroad. In the first part of the work the conception of clusters, types and kinds of clusters, support programs etc are characterized . The second part is describes South Bohemia, scientific institutions, supporting institutions and clusters whitch are in a phase of preparation and clusters which already exist. In this part I enquired into pertinence of conditions for the creation of clusters in South Bohemia according to the number of employees and according to the share of added value. Next I asked assistants from small and middle-sized companies about their awareness about clusters and about their possible cooperation in this cluster. South Bohemia has significant branches which have high potential for creating clusters. It results from the coefficient of the localization. These are branches of Fishing and fish farming, Production and main of electricity, gas and water and Agriculture, forestry and hunting. South Bohemia has great presumtions for development of wood industry, paper industry, fishing and agriculture. From the query I found out that small and middle-sized companies do not have much information about clusters. Small and middle-sized companies do not trust the cooperation. No of the correspondent companies wants to establish a cluster or to enter a cluster. South Bohemia has big potential for creation of clusters. In the region there are a lot of bussines institution (universities, research institutes) and many institutions, which should inprove the awareness about clusters (CzechInvest, Economic Chamber, South Bohemian Agency for Support of Innovative Enterprising). These institutions organize conferences, workshops, presentations and expositions. They also help in start of the business, in development, in establishment of clusters and they inform about possible cooperation.
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Transdermal and dermal delivery of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates
Líbalová, Martina ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hrabálek, Alexandr (referee)
The objective of this diploma thesis was to determine the transdermal permeation and dermal penetration of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, a new class of broad-spectrum antivirals. Transport of selected acyclic nucleoside phosphonates through and into porcine skin and the effect of solvents of different polarities was studied in vitro using Franz diffusion cell. We found relatively large differences in the absorption of the individual substances and a marked influence of lipofility of donor vehicle: isopropyl myristate and water. In the second part of this work we studied the influence of pH, concentration in the donor sample and the presence of 1% permeation enhancer 6- dimethylaminohexanoic acid dodecyl ester (DDAK) on the transdermal and dermal delivery of perspective anticancer substance: N6-cyklopropyl-9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-2,6- diaminopurine (N6-CyPr-PMEDAP). This substance permeates through intact skin barrier relatively slowly and without any dependence on the donor sample pH or its concentration. The addition of 1% permeation enhancer DDAK to the donor sample resulted in an order-of-magnitude increase of permeation and approximately in double increase of penetration at all pH values. The maximum activity of DDAK was observed at pH 6. Increasing the N6-CyPr-PMEDAP concentration in...
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Daily Liquid Consumption among School-age Children
Pleskačová, Jana ; Stránský, Miroslav (advisor)
When studying the literature related to drinking regime , I found a series of lofty introductory sentences . They point out that life emerged from water , and that the human body is liquid consisting of approximately sixty percent. Already for these facts is obvious as sufficient fluid intake for the preservation of human life and health is important. Unfortunately, nowadays life goes faster and the large number of us do not have time to eat healthy and think adequate and regular payment of loss of fluids . In the children's body contained more fluid than the percentage in the body adult Moreover, children are given the greater weight of the body surface and the fluid are so relatively more are lost by evaporation. Daily turnover in the adult human consists of 6 % in Newborn 15% of the total volume of fluid in the body. The feeling of thirst in children weaker than adults. These are all reasons why we the drinking regime had children increasingly observed. The choice of this topic for the subject of the thesis led me was his importance in relation to human health.
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The impact of urban sprawl on the environment.
Havel, Petr ; Romportl, Dušan (referee) ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor)
The suburbanization process - a shift of population and activities from city centre to its fringe - is not only a socioeconomical phenomenon; city spatial expansion is a serious concern for an environment as well. The volume of suburban and sprawling areas is constantly increasing, moreover the character of this development is inefficient both spatially and energetically. A crucial changes take place in a landscape, which is being fragmented and homogenized. Those changes affect organisms, which live in the landscape; their natural environment is intensively modified and not all of them are able to get used to a newly created conditions and resist to a pressure of invasive species. A lot of compacted and impervious surfaces negatively influence not only the biota, but also a water quality, infiltration and water regime. Last but not least, new development seals a lot of quality agricultural land. Sealed soils are irreversibly deteriorated and become useless for further agricultural use. Despite the fact, that legislative in the Czech Republic should protect the high-quality agricultural soils, the study, made in the surroundings of D1 highway shows that's not the case. Two thirds of the commercial suburban development take place on the most productive and valuable soils. This number suggests poor...
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Modern computational techniques for simulations of molecular spectra
Ivani, Ivan ; Baumruk, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kapitán, Josef (referee)
Accurate computations of vibrational energies and vibrational spectra of molecules require an inclusion of the anharmonic forces. In standard computational protocols, a large vibrational Hamiltonian matrix is diagonalized, and spectral intensities are calculated for individual transitions separately. In this work we propose an alternate direct generation of the spectral curves based on a temporal propagation of a trial vibrational wavefunction followed by a Fourier transformation. The lack of the lengthy and computer-memory demanding diagonalization makes the method suitable for larger molecules. It is especially convenient for sparse Hamiltonians that are commonly obtained within the harmonic oscillator basis set, and the algorithm is amendable to parallelization. On a model water dimer basic convergence properties are discussed. The method is then applied to vibrational Raman intensities of the fenchone compound, were it provides spectral shapes comparable with those obtained by the classical approaches.
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The role of manganese-stabilizing protein of photosystem II
Duchoslav, Miloš ; Rothová, Olga (referee) ; Fischer, Lukáš (advisor)
Miloš Duchoslav The role of manganese-stabilizing protein of photosystem II Abstract The appearance of oxygenic photosynthesis was a key event in the evolution of life on the Earth. All molecular oxygen in the atmosphere likely comes from a water-splitting reaction catalysed by the oxygen-evolving center of photosystem II. Photosystem II - a multisubunit protein-cofactor complex with a phylogeneticaly highly conserved structure - is embedded in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. The mechanism of the photosynthetic water-splitting reaction, which occurs on the manganese cluster, has been widely investigated; however, it has not yet been fully understood. An essential role in the stabilization of the manganese cluster and in the facilitation of oxygen evolution is played by photosystem II extrinsic proteins that occur in thylakoid lumen. The most important among them is a manganese-stabilizing protein (MSP) that is present in all known oxyphototrophs. This protein is believed to have many functions: besides stabilizing the manganese cluster, it is also carbonic anhydrase activity, GTPase activity and regulation of the turnover of the D1 protein. The functions of the MSP are probably regulated through changes in its dynamic structure. The MSP is likely to take part in the regulation of...
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