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Estradiol dehydrogenases and estrone reductases activity assays
Mžik, Martin ; Skálová, Lenka (advisor) ; Dršata, Jaroslav (referee)
- 5 - ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Martin Mžik Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Lenka Skálová PhD. Title of diploma thesis: Determination of estradioldehydrogenases and estronreductates activity Estrogens belong to the most important factors which affect the formation and growth of breast tissue cancer. The most potent estrogen estradiol which is responsible for development of breast cancer is over-synthesized mainly by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) in cancer cells. Determination of estrone redustase activity makes possible to get knowledge about enzyme kinetics, which we can use to study influence of potential inhibitors. The aim of diploma thesis was to find acceptable analytical method for determination of estrone reductase and estradiol dehydrogenase activity in subcelluar fraction of cancer cells. Spectrofluorimetric method, based on continuous monitoring of NADPH/NADP+ transformation, as well as chromatographic method (HPLC) based on direct measurement of estrogens by fluorimetric detector have been tested. Experimental data revealed that spectrofluorimetric method is unusable, but liquid chromatography can be successfully used for determination of estrone reductase and estradiol dehydrogenase activity....
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The influence of fashionable reducing diets and the knowledge level of rational nutrition on the nourishment of students of Medical Secondary School and students of Medical-Social Faculty of South-Bohemian University.
SVOBODOVÁ, Michala
This diploma paper sums up basic information about the most popular lowering diets and about the aspect of healthy nutrition. The theoretical part of the paper focuses primarily of the best-known fashionable diets and their drawbacks. It describes the most widely known and most widespread types of these diets, including, for instance, a divided diet, Atkinson{\crq}s diet or diet according to a blood group. It is related to another chapter that deals with mental consequences that might be caused by such diets. The paper also lists briefly basic information not only about mental anorexia, mental bulimia but also about orthorexia, bigorexia and drunkorexia that are less known. The paper also describes the principles of healthy nutrition, together with nutrition pyramid, physical activities and drinking regime. The conclusion of the theoretical part briefly deals with the issues of obesity, which is a major problem nowadays. The practical part presents the results of my research. The research part was realized by using anonymous questionnaires for two groups of students at the Secondary Medical School and the Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia. These questionnaires focus on the average Body Mass Index (BMI) values in both groups and their subsequent comparison. The research shows that both of the studied groups have almost identical average BMI values. Overall results of the research show that the secondary school students{\crq} awareness of rational nutrition is very low as compared to the university students. I think it would be advisable to promote rational nutrition and the principles of healthy eating to a greater extent at secondary schools.
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Use of Outdoor Activities in Teaching General Educational Subjects at Elementary Scholls (aplicated for natural science).
Frainšic, Michal ; Bartůněk, Dušan (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Hana (referee)
Název: Využití her a aktivit v přírodě ve yýuce všeobecně vzdělávacích předmětů na základní škole (aplikováno pro předmět prvouka) The Use of Games and Outdoor Activities in Teaching General Educational Subjects at Elementary Schools (aplicated for natural science). Cil práce: Vytvořit sborník her a aktivit v přírodě využitelný ve výuce předmětu prvouka na prvním stupni základní školy. Ověření navrhovaných aktivit ve školní praxi. Metody: Z nastudované literatury jsme vybrali hry vhodné pro výuku předmětu prvouka a vyzkoušeli je v 15 třídách na základních školách. Při ověřování her v praxi jsme využili kvalitativní metody výzkumu. Během hodiny se jednalo o metodu pozorování, po skončení vyučovací jednotky jsme aplikovali metodu anketního šetření v rámci nestandardizovaného rozhovoru s učitelem a metodu dotazování u dětí. Děti se vyjadřovaly do předem připraveného kruhového diagramu. Výsledky: Vytvořili jsme sborník her a aktivit v přírodě využitelný při hodinách prvouky. Hry jsme ověřili v praxi na základních školách a dle zpětné vazby učitelů i dětí jsou upraveny do konečné verze. Výsledkem je tedy sborník her a aktivit v přírodě použitelný ve výuce prvouky na 1. stupni základní školy. Klíčová slova: Učení zkušeností a prožitkem, hry a aktivity v přírodě, výchova v přírodě, alternativní formy...
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Health information literacy: focusing on patients' information literacy development
Andrlová, Anna ; Landová, Hana (advisor) ; Dombrovská, Michaela (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the application of the information literacy concept in the healthcare, focusing on patients' information literacy development. Firstly, the Czech and U. S. model of health care system are briefly introduced with regard to their different impact on patiets' active participation in health care. Subsequently, preconditions for the emergence and development of the concept of health information literacy are described with emphasis on the terminology. The core of the thesis is focused on the description, analysis, and evaluation of selected activities of U. S. professional associations and organisations. The last part is aimed at selection of the appropriate activity for implementation in the Czech context and at the survey in the selected Czech professional libraries, which is oriented at the state of activities for information literacy development and implementation of selected activity.
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Pupils' conceptions of science and scientists and possibilities of influencing them
Šmídová, Petra ; Dvořák, Dominik (advisor) ; Stará, Jana (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis was to describe pupils' conceptions of science and scientists and also to suggest some possibilities to influence them. In the theoretical part of the thesis common knowledge of pupils' conceptions of science and scientists is described. It also summarises researches following up these issues, and conceptions of science education at primary school in the Czech Republic and other chosen states. In the empirical part a research focused on getting information about pupils' knowledge of science and scientists and their approach is presented. The results show, that pupils' conceptions of science and scientists are heterogeneous and the role of out-of-school activities of chosen pupils was more significant than influence of school. In the final part of the thesis there are appropriate ways how to influence pupils' conceptions of the area of science at school are outlined
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Developing Reading Skills of Deaf Pupils in Accordance with the Reference Level A2
Staňková, Vladimíra ; Cícha Hronová, Anna (advisor) ; Pacovská, Jasňa (referee)
This thesis comments on the development of reading skills of deaf students at the language level A2 of the Common European Framework of Reference. In line with the view that deaf pupils should be educated bilingually, it draws primarily from foreign textbooks aimed at developing reading skills in foreign language teaching. It provides detailed instructions on how to develop the reading skills when working with a text, what exercises should be used and how the teacher should use them with students. The characteristics of each approach draws attention to possible errors which should be avoided in teaching reading skills. Taking into consideration the knowledge necessary for a pupil to be able to fulfill a reading comprehension task at A2 level and the correct teaching methods, this work provides a set of practice-oriented texts and proposed following activities. The texts are divided into three thematic areas and within each of them, the exercises are structured into several parts according to the different stages of work with a text. Exercises are also supplemented with methodological recommendations and instructions for use suggesting various modifications, pointing to the problematic situations and others.
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Monitoring of oxidative stability of products from shell fruits
Krňávková, Martina ; Hrstka, Miroslav (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the monitoring of oxidative stability of products, oils and butter, from nut fruits. The theoretical part concentrates on the topic of nut fruits, their properties, compositions which are closely related to the effects on the human health and the possibilities of technological processing. The lipid storage process, especially the most frequently occurring autooxidation reactions are described, followed by experimental part of the thesis. The changes in coconut, walnut, peanut oils and peanut butter samples are monitored during storage at 4 ° C and 20 ° C by determining the acid value, the peroxide value and the fatty acid composition by the GC-FID method. The lowest oxidation stability showed walnut oil due to the highest content of unstable polyunsaturated fatty acids – up to 88,7 %. During storage at 20 ° C there was a statistically significant increase in the content of primary oxidation products, determined as peroxide value PV = 2,55 ± 0,12 µgROOHg-1. An increase was also observed in samples of peanut butter, but it was mainly due to higher water activity, which is important for chemical reactions. The durability of this product after opening mentioned on the product label correlates with their low stability
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Influence of a controlled training on habitual physical activity in patients with type 2 diabetes
Sodomková, Gabriela ; Radvanský, Jiří (advisor) ; Procházka, Miroslav (referee)
Diploma thesis "Vliv řízeného tréninku na habituální pohybovou aktivitu pacientů s diabetes mellitus 2. typu" in the theoretical part deals with Type 2 diabetes (DM2T), its complications and possibilities of its therapy. Emphasis is put on physical activity as the main non-pharmacological mean influencing insulin resistance. The basic health aspects of physical activity, general recommendations and specific sport activities for DM2T patients are mentioned. We also focus on potential risks related to physical exercises. Furthermore, we examine habitual physical activity, meaning energy expenditure in daily activities. The objective of the practical part of this thesis is to determine the level of habitual physical activity of DM2T patients and to show how it is influenced by stationary bicycle exercises. The impact of regular physical activity on the health indicators, physical fitness and anthropometric parameters, is examined. The sample of patients includes 20 individuals with DM2T, who have completed insulin therapy and currently are cured with peroral antidiabetics and regime measures. Pedometer and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) are used in order to monitor habitual physical activity. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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A systematic approach to risk behavior prevention for youth at risk (an analysis of Prague and North Bohemia district)
Šmejkalová, Radka ; Vodáčková, Daniela (advisor) ; Kodymová, Pavla (referee)
Bakalářská práce je zaměřena na zmapování systému služeb, které jsou nabízeny rizikovým dětem a mládeži, jejich strukturaci do kategorií prevence a sjednocení terminologie užívané pro různé typy služeb. Cílem, kromě zmapování současného stavu, bylo najít v systému možnosti dalšího rozvoje a místa, kde na sebe služby nenavazují. V jednotlivých úrovních prevence jsou v práci popsány názvy typů služeb, jejich cíl, stručný popis a komentář k jejich efektivitě, rizikům a významu. Teoretická východiska práce jsou doplněna hypotézami o informovanosti rodičů a učitelů dětí ve věku 6-18 let o dostupných službách, o jejich zkušenostech s nimi a o ochotě se na odborné služby obracet a využívat je. Informace od rodičů a učitelů byly zjišťovány formou dotazníku. Během tvorby teoretické části práce se opakovaně ukazovalo, že používání nejednotné terminologie zhoršuje dostupnost služeb a přehled laické i odborné veřejnosti o nich. Této nepřehlednosti napomáhá i nejednotná koordinace systému, tím není k dispozici povědomí, kam se pro informace o službách obrátit. K roztříštěnosti přispívá i dělení primárně preventivních aktivit na prevenci užívání návykových látek a na prevenci sociálně nežádoucích jevů. Služby terciární prevence jsou málo specificky zaměřeny na cílovou skupinu dětí a mládeže, zdá se vhodné rozvíjet...
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Quality and quantity of motion activities during pregnancy
OŠMEROVÁ, Lucie
The thesis is aimed at physical activities exercised by pregnant women, for whom the physiological pregnancy is in progress. The theoretical part characterizes physiological, risk and pathologic pregnancy. The pregnancy symptoms, physical and psychological changes connected to pregnancy are also characterized. Next part is based on the importance of physical activities, the impact on a women's health and the impact on an unborn baby. The thesis describes the appropriate physical activities for pregnant, such as walking, swimming, dancing, cycling, yoga, special exercise and so on. Moreover, it mentions inappropriate physical activities, such as downhill skiing, tennis, squash and skating. The thesis also includes the contraindication of physical activities for pregnant. The practical part of the thesis is aimed at finding out preference of physical activities for pregnant, their opportunities to exercise the physical activities nearby and it also explores if the pregnant are informed by their gynaecologist about some appropriate possibilities of exercising physical activities. The quality research was chosen for this thesis. The research survey took place via controlled interviews, which were recorded on a recording device and then the results were transcribed into a written form. The interviewed women were addressed through the centres for pregnant and gynaecologic clinics of South Bohemian Region. The survey took place from the 3rd of March to the 18th of March 2016. The interviews, which were composed of sixteen questions, were provided by sixteen pregnant women. The information from all the respondents was used to create Mind Maps. In total there were eight categories, which show a total of nine Mind Maps. The aim was to explore how the pregnant women perceive the physical activities and what is the awareness of possibilities to exercise physical activities. There were three research questions. First of them was: In what kind of physical activity are the pregnant interested the most? The second question was: What are the possibilities for the pregnant to exercise physical activities nearby? The last question was related to providing some information to pregnant by their gynaecologist: Are the pregnant informed by their gynaecologist about the possibilities to exercise physical activities? According to information from all questioned pregnant women, the most preferred exercise was walking. The exercise for pregnant and yoga are also favourite. Futhermore, the respondents mentioned riding a stationary bicycle, gymnastic ball exercise and agility. As well as this, the pregnant exercise enough and they also think so. The pregnant women also list swimming, yoga, ball exercise, Pilates, running and Nordic walking as some other possibilities to exercise. According to interviews, the pregnant women are not enough informed by their gynaecologists about the possibilities of physical activities. Despite the currency, this issue is still incomprehensible. The survey could be a good source of information mainly for gynaecologists or midwives. The survey could improve providing some information for pregnant women about possibilities of physical activities, which would not endanger both the pregnant and an unborn baby.
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