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The spatial final cut optimisation
Kašpar, Jan ; Marušák, Róbert (advisor) ; Lstibůrek, Milan (referee)
For more than 150 years, timber indicators have been used for forest harvest scheduling in the region of current Czech Republic. With social changes and increased importance of forest yields and functions, there has been significant changes in forest management during this time. The changes in ownership structure after 1989 are most problematic from a sustainability standpoint. Also, the timber indicators cannot consider forest age structure, which is not ideal because even small changes related to abiotic and biotic disturbances may inhibit forest planning efforts. These changes to forest ownership and structure combined with current timber indicators make it difficult to ensure sustainable harvest levels over long time horizons. Methods of operations research, such as mathematical programming and heuristic methods, provide alternatives to historical harvest scheduling methods because they can account for forest age structure and spatial relationships over long scheduling horizons.
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Effect of climatic and environmental variables on changes in numbers and migratory behaviour of wintering and migrating waterbirds.
Adam, Matyáš ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Bejček, Vladimír (referee)
Waterbirds with their specific habitat and food requirements varying during their annual cycle (Riffell et al. 2003; Taft and Haig 2006) are able to indicate the wetland diversity and quality due to their rapid responses on changes in environment (Delany 1999; Fernández et al. 2005; Amat and Green 2010). Remarkable land cover changes and climate warming led to significant shifts in distribution and abundance of many waterbird species across Europe in recent decades (Delany et al. 2006; Fox et al. 2010; Lehikoinen et al. 2013; Pavón-Jordán et al. 2015). To understand the dynamic of migratory birds in space and time and to assess effects of global conditions as well as local conditions of individual sites during their annual cycle there is need of international monitoring and research. Since the start of International Waterbird Census in 1967 both increasing and decreasing trends have been recorded in nearly fifty percent of waterbird species in Western Palearctic (Delany et al. 2006, Wetlands International 2016) and they consequently have affected trends in particular countries, including the Czech Republic. Wetland sites in the Czech Republic are generally situated on the edge of wintering range of most waterbird species (Gilissen et al. 2002), however the prevailing increase in abundance of waterbird species has been recorded here in recent decades (Musil et al. 2011). Though, the considerable growth of winter temperatures has not been noticed in the Czech Republic (Klein Tank et al. 2002; Musilová et al. 2009; Dušek et al. 2013), and the accessibility of the wetland sites, due to their freezing, varies year to year. Hence, we can assume that waterbirds have likely began using the alternative habitats with available food resources, i.e. cold-weather refuges, probably regardless of their conservation status (Musilová et al. 2015). Special protection areas were implemented to Czech legislation in 2004 to protect migratory birds (Birds Directive 2009/147/EC). So far there has not been tested the effectivity and impact of legislative protection on wintering waterbird species. Moreover, some previous studies indicated that SPA network do not match the species distribution pattern (López-López et al. 2007; Briggs et al. 2012; Albuquerque et al. 2013), so this issue urgently calls for scientific research.
The second part of the thesis focused on Greylag Geese, whose abundance has rapidly grown across the Europe in recent decades (Madsen et al. 1999; Fox et al. 2010), and that have become ideal model species to observe their responses to habitats and climate changes as well as their reactions to human disturbance (Fox and Madsen 1997; Ramo et al. 2015). This requires appropriate knowledge of geese distribution, abundance and their behaviour. Since 1930s, when the geese started to be ringed in the Czech Republic, the ringing intensity have markedly varied and have been reflected in numbers of recoveries. In last ten years the intensity have increased (Podhrazský 2010). However, complex of the historical data until 2002 (Cepák et al. 2008) and recent data have not been analysed so far. In the light of recent shifts in wintering ranges and migration phenology of many goose populations these analyses require increased attention. Furthermore, the satellite monitoring of geese is coming to detect more detailed information about behaviour of individuals.
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Testing of bioeffectors on phosphorus mobility in soils
Holečková, Zlata ; Balík, Jiří (advisor)
Crave for increase in agricultural production over the past sixty years reflects in widespread use of mineral fertilizers. Due to the growth of the world population an increase of overall demand for feed and food is expected. Limited availability of cultivatable soil and increasing dependance on mineral fertilizers can be also anticipated. It is therefore important to find alternative strategies for plant nutrition. In 2012, the project of cooperation between several universities in Europe was revealed. This project examines the use of bioeffectors in crop production. Use of these substances should help to reduce the input of mineral fertilizers used in agriculture and improve land usage. Thesis will perform testing in real conditions of different geographic locations. The main objective is to develop new approaches to the use of so-called bioeffectors based on the mechanism of action of living microorganisms and active natural substances. Bioeffectors may be, depending on soil and climatic conditions, a key factor for overcoming limitations in the availability of nutrients. They can contain microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) and active natural compounds (digest from soil or compost, microbial residues, plant extracts, metabolites from biological processes, dried herb material or seaweed). These substances are developed for a wide variety of crops (e.g. corn, wheat and tomatoes). Their effectiveness consists in nutrients mobilization from less accessible forms in the soil. The thesis is mainly focused on the impact of bioeffectors on various forms of phosphorus in the soil. Phosphorus in the soil belongs to essential elements necessary for the growth and development of plants. Despite its necessity in plant metabolism is its content in the soil relatively low. A higher phosphorus content is in most samples of soil mainly in the surface area because an increased biological activity occurs there causing the accumulation of organic material. Some influence can be also observed in connection with application of organic and mineral fertilizers. Amount of phosphorus in soil may vary depending on parental rock type, texture and land management (the ratio of P supplied and type and method of land cultivation). Above mentioned influences even have an effect on relative amount of organic and inorganic forms of phosphorus. Three basic groups of phosphorus contained in the soil can be described: inorganic phosphorus compounds, organically bound phosphorus and exchangeable absorbed phosphorus. The amount of phosphorus bound in the fractions depends mainly on the time of fertilizer application, including the impact of earlier interventions. For these reasons, it is necessary to execute detailed analysis of the various forms of phosphorus in the soil after application of mineral fertilizers together with bioeffectors. In this dissertation variety of pot and field experiments will be set up, where samples from each variation of soil and plant will be separated and researched. Samples will be analyzed and amounts of phosphorus will be measured.
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Impacts of corruption and fiscal evasion on selected sectors of the economy
Rodonaia, Elizbar ; Šrédl, Karel (advisor) ; Kopecká, Lenka (referee)
Corruption is one of the most famous and also the most serious problems of the contemporary world. The aim of the processing of the dissertation is to create the actual characteristics of corruption and fiscal evasion, both from theoretical and practical point of view, specify their manifestations in economies of Georgia and Czech Republic in conditions of contemporary globalization, as well as to express the effects of corruption and fiscal evasion on selected sectors of the economy. The international organization Transparency International compared corruption in different countries based on the values of the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), which measures the degree of corruption perception from a subjective point of view. Every year the index captures the current view on corruption in the public sector and surveys used for the compilation include issues related to the misuse of public power for private benefit. The Czech Republic has 51 points and is on the 53th position in the rankings, right behind her at the 54th position ranked Slovakia with 50 points. This placement reflects very bad situation in the state administration, poor functioning of political parties and the lack of anti-corruption policy of the state. From the collected data and time series was concluded a conclusion about the high correlation and the correlated indicators of corruption CPI and GDP per capita in PPP. Although among the least corrupt countries in the world in 2014 ranks developed economies such as Denmark, New Zealand and Finland, less sophisticated Georgia was able to stay 50th position ahead of Czech Republic and Slovakia. It is due to the fact that with the advent of the Governments of President Saakashvili and Prime Minister Ivanishvili underwent a major reform of the state administration, including the security forces. This testifies to the fact that the underdevelopment of the economy is far from being the main factor for the elimination of corruption and fiscal evasion in a particular country. Reducing scope of tax evasions and departures of companies to tax havens are aims of the electronic records of sales and changes in the procurement system. Transparency of decisions on the allocation of public contracts should be solved and carry out an inspection utilization of public funds. Limitation of the influence of officials in the public service would undoubtedly help to eliminate small (petty) corruption. More than the total elimination of corruption endeavour currently states on its reduction or elimination of its consequences.
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Effect of anthelmintic baits on prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis at red fox in CR
Brožová, Adéla ; Jankovská, Ivana (advisor) ; Bejček, Vladimír (referee)
In 2012 the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis in naturally infected red fox were investigated in selected regions of Karlovy Vary. From January to December 2013, in areas with the highest prevalence, delivery baits containing the anthelmintic (80 g of fish flesh + 50 mg Praziquantel- Drontal plus flavour) in an amount of 50 baits per km2. In 2014 the inspection was carried out investigations and subsequent comparison prevalence of tapeworm in the monitored areas between 2012 and 2014, ie. before and after the delivery of anthelmintic baits. The observed prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in foxes before delivery baits was 80% (12/15), after delivery baits was 10.5% (2/19). Furthermore, an analysis of infected intestinal tissue foxes and foxes uninfected with Echinococcus multilocularis for determining the concentrations of selected elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn). Foxes with this tapeworm exhibited in the intestinal mucosa higher levels of the following elements: chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn). Conversely concentration primarily toxic elements (Cd and Pb) in the intestine infected foxes with Echinococcus multilocularis was lower than in the intestine foxes without this parasite.
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Possible solutions to the restoration of overmature forest stands in the Lány game enclosuregame-park
Ambrož, Robin ; Vacek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Igor, Igor (referee)
Possible solutions to the restoration of overmature forest stands in the Lány game enclosure -- this is a problem that generations of foresters in the Křivoklátsko region have been faced with. The restoration has often been postponed; as a result, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of such stands in the game enclosure. Currently, almost a third of the game enclosure is covered by stands, predominantly beech, older than 160 years, and the suggestions on how to restore these stands are by no means unified, not only within the framework of the relevant authorities, but also among the management of the Lány forestry administration. In the past, the disintegration of stands in the highest age class was dealt with by a massive planting of large-sized plants in the whole area of the game enclosure, which has brought and will continue to bring about a remarkable increase in the forest protection costs. The aim of this PhD thesis is to answer the questions concerning the restoration of the local beech stands and to propose a solution that would be efficient in the long term. The basic questions have been phrased as follows: In what condition are the extensive large-sized plant plantings? What is the number of overmature forest stands in the Lány game enclosure and what will their future development be? Are these stands still capable of producing a sufficient number of beech seeds to ensure successful natural regeneration? In what way should we restore these overmature forest stands? How should we protect them from the game damage? It was necessary to find some of the answers within the framework of intermediate scientific tasks; however, the finding of a conceptual solution to the restoration of the game enclosure remained the main goal of this work. To fulfil the goals of this thesis, it was necessary to perform the inventory of large-sized plant plots; it was found out that the total number of individuals planted in the Lány game enclosure until the end of 2011 was 28,994 at 840 plots. The plantings established in 2011 were surveyed as to their vitality and height increment between the years 2011 and 2014. In 2015, a sample was selected on which the condition of the root system was analysed according to the type of a container used for the raising of large-sized plants. It is evident from the results that despite considerable investment in fencing, the large-sized plant plantings are very often damaged by game and have to be repeatedly reinforced. The root system analysis revealed that a significant number of individuals show serious root system deformations. Consequently, the optimization of large-sized plant planting was proposed. The condition of the beech stands at PRP was ascertained with the aid of the FieldMap technology; the stand development prediction was carried out by the growth simulator SIBYLA. The verification of the fertility of the overmature beech stands took place at smaller plots demarcated within PRP. The results show that the occurrence of game eliminates natural regeneration in these stands; thus, it is necessary to find a way which will not be only efficient, but also economical. The fertility verification proved that despite their advanced age, the beech stands preserve their ability to produce seed material, which could be used for regeneration under a shelterwood. Finally, a model regeneration block presenting two possible reproduction methods (with maximum utilization of natural regeneration and accelerated one) was designed on the basis of both the differentiation of the game enclosure and the localization of stands with the highest degree of regeneration urgency.
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ICT support for regional development
Očenášek, Vladimír ; Havlíček, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Vostrovský, Václav (referee)
There are many of different rankings in the world, which relate to information and communications technology. For example, United Nations e-Government survey evaluates expansion of e-government administration in 193 countries in the world every two years and publishes worldwide ranking of EGDI (e-government development index). Since 2003 web portals of the capitals of the largest countries in the world are evaluated evaluated by - Digital Governance in Municipalities Worldwide (Holzer et al., 2014) every two years. This rating is organized by the "The E-Governance Institute" which is part of Rutgers University Newark. Prague (15 in) was included for the first time in 2007. Prague was ranked in excellent 2nd place in 2009, in the period 2011 - 2012 was in 4th place and in the period 2013 - 2014, Prague ranked 10th. Our methods of evaluation are based on methods of Digital Governance in Municipalities Worldwide, which is focused on regional web portals. We evaluated 6 regional web portals using 40 parameters in the area privacy, usability, content, services, citizen and social engagement. For instance, we evaluated if web portal provides: online publications, multilingual access, GIS, calendar of events, searchable database of articles, accommodation reservation etc. For evaluation of regional web portals, we chose two regional touristic headquarters (Centrála cestovního ruchu -- Jižní Morava (www.ccrjm.cz), Jihočeská centrála cestovního ruchu www.jccr.cz)), one regional touristic web (Posázaví - vítejte v turistickém regionu kolem řeky Sázavy (www.posazavi.com)), two Austrian web portals, which represents cross-border cooperation between Austria and Czech republic (Urlaub am Bauerhof -- dovolená na selském statku (www.agroturistika-v-rakousku.cz), Rakousko -- přijeďte a ožijete (www.austria.info/cz)) and official touristic web portal of Switzerland (Officielle Website von Schweiz Tourismus (www.mojesvycarsko.com)). As it turned out during our model usage, which took into account five important areas, level of regional web portals significantly differ. Some criteria are fulfilled across the all sites, but some of them are partly or completely missing. Individual solutions therefore often prefer different criteria, thus providing different perspectives on the region and its issues. If all criteria were met, the informational content and thus even usefulness of the individual portals would rise. Theoretically, this would lead to a "content compatibility" of individual solutions, which would ultimately bring profit to users and consequently the visitors of their respective regions.
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The effect of live weight on androsterone and skatole content in adipose tissue of boars
Poláčková, Miroslava ; Okrouhlá, Monika (advisor) ; Michaela, Michaela (referee)
The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive literature review and evaluation of research on the influence of androstenone and skatole for boar live weight, which thanks to modern trends sensitive issue.
Skatole is malodorous indole compound, which is formed in the colon of pigs later leads to deposition in adipose tissue, causing the so-called. Boar odor.
Steroid androstenone is produced by Leydig cells of the testes boars, when a part is floated urine, partly accumulate in saliva, to stimulate the sows and part is accumulated in the adipose tissue.
The chromatographic method suitable for detecting substances responsible for boar odor was developed on a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer using chemical standards.
According to the results, we can evaluate that the differences between imunocastraties and boars are minimal, not only in fattening values, but also at the height of the back fat or muscle growth musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis. Only with differing indicators are the amount of androstenone and skatole, which confirms that feeding into higher slaughter weight pigs is unprofitable, because the amount of these substances is many times higher than allowed by European standard. The meat of boars is therefore inconvenient and are a much better choice imunokastráti.
The hypothesis that a live weight of influence on behalf of androstenone and skatole in fat tissue boars are so confirmed.
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Political aspects of management and the development of the chosen municipality (case study of Tmaň)
Ježková, Martina ; Čopík, Jan (advisor) ; Monika, Monika (referee)
This thesis deals with the influence of local administration on development of the municipality Tmaň, and with political aspects of the municipal management. The first part of this thesis defines the theoretical definition issues such as administration, municipality, municipal financing and local administration. The second part of this thesis is focused on particular aims of this thesis achieved, mainly aims like mapping of the local administration after 1989, the definition socio-economic indicators of the municipality Tmaň and the composition of the local government. The next part of the thesis includes the analysis of the decision process of the local government, which was monitored in 2015 by the method of observation. The thesis includes interest groups, local business entities and their cooperation and relationship with local administration. The substantial part of the thesis includes the clarification of the results of the municipal elections in the municipality Tmaň from 1990 to the last election in 2014 and simultaneously finding out their features with subsequent comparison with theoretical knowledge. Conclusion of the thesis is the generalization based on the participant observation and the continuous questioning, what influence does the local administration on the development of the municipality Tmaň and what the political aspects of the management of the municipality Tmaň are.
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Economic impacts of financial results of the selected company
Tetourová, Šárka ; Toth, Daniel (advisor) ; Zdeněk, Zdeněk (referee)
The thesis is focused on economic impacts of financial results of the manufacturer of staircases SWN Moravia s.r.o. Theoretical part of the thesis describes the whole basics, users and individual indicators of the financial analysis. There are also mentioned basics of the trend analysis and multivariate regression analysis. Practical part of the thesis successively describes selected indicators and their progress during the years 2010-2014. Mentioned are liquidity, leverage, profitability, activity ratios, debt indicators, bankruptcy models and credibility models. There are also described main changes during selected period of time. Results of the financial analysis are compared to chosen company with equivalent kind of business with intention to show how SWN Moravia stand on market during economic crisis. Data gain from financial analysis are source of data for regression analysis, which is used for modeling profit. In the end are information gained from the financial analysis summarized and several recommendations are proposed to improve financial results of the company. There is also outlined progression of the profit and evolution of company in the years to come.
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