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Changes of proline concentration and electrolyte leakage in the selected species of the Panicoideae tribe under water deficit.
Nováková, Hana ; Hnilička, František (advisor) ; Václav, Václav (referee)
The theme of this thesis is the impact of water deficit on the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage from representatives of the Panicoideae tribe. The impact of drought on agricultural production in the environment of the Czech Republic is currently an important issue. The exceptionall dry year of 2014/2015 and the associated water deficit in the soil had an impact mainly on the harvest of wide-row crops, including maize. Representatives of the Panicoideae tribe - sorghum and foxtail millet are the most drought-resistance crops in the world. Sorghum and foxtail millet belong to II. group of cereals like maize. Sorghum and foxtail millet show lower transpiration coefficient than maize, they also tolerates less demanding growing conditions and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also compete with maize in a wide range of applications. It is therefore appropriate to determine how these crops respond to water deficit during their ontogenetic development. For the purposes of this experiment genotypes originating from conditions of temperate climate were selected, this genotypes have a shorter growing season. A short growing season is an important factor in the timing of the harvest of the late sown crops in our climate.
The aim of the thesis was to determine and evaluate the impact of water deficit on the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage in selected genotypes of sorghum and foxtail millet and on the basis of the results to select genotypes with high resistance to water deficit. Based on the aims the following hypotheses were set: to determine whether there are differences in the concentration of proline and electrolyte leakage between selected genotypes depending on the effect of water deficit and whether there are differences in these physiological characteristics in response to water deficit between sorghum and foxtail millet. To fulfill the objectives and evaluation the hypothesis was based on the greenhouse experiment with selected genotypes of sorghum and foxtail millet at the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology in the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague.
The experiment included 4 genotypes of the species Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. (Sorghum): 1216, 30485, Barnard Red and Ruzrok and one variety of the species Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. (Foxtail millet) Ruberit. A total of 4 variants were designated for the experiment (one control and three under the influence of water deficit in different times). The plants in the control variant were full irrigated throughout the experiment. Variant KS was irrigated for the first 14 days, followed by 10 days without watering and the last 4 days were again irrigated. Plants in variant SK were under the influence of water deficit for the first 10 days of the experiment, then 18 days with watering and the plants in the variant SS were without watering for the first 10 days, for the next 4 days were without watering, then the same pattern was repeated: 10 days without and 4 days with watering. Physiological characteristics were observed in plants in the developmental stages BBCH 14-16. The concentration of proline was determined by measuring the absorbance of the samples formed by the reaction with ninhydrin. Subsequently, the measured values were compared with the calibration curve. To measure the sample absorbance at 520 nm a spectrophotometer Hellios gama (Thermo) was used. Electrolyte leakage on discs made from leafs was measured with electrical conductivity meter GRYF 158 (HB Griffin, Ltd.).
The obtained results show that the proline concentration increased in response to water stress, since the highest concentration of proline was detected in plants growing in the most stressed variant of SS (670.13 micrograms) compared with other variants of stress. Plants variant KS (643.85 micrograms) showed a higher accumulation than the proline in variant SK (636.69 micrograms). The highest concentration of proline was measured on a genotype in the variety of sorghum Ruzrok (642.94 micrograms). The lowest content of proline was found in the variety of sorghum 1216 (623.78 micrograms), this value was also the only significant difference from the contents of proline to other genotypes. Which at least partly confirms the proposed hypothesis that there are differences in the content of proline between genotypes.
The highest electrolyte leakage cell damage was respectively exhibited in plants from the variant SS (39.56%). Plants of the SK variant showed a higher rate of cell damage (32.95%) than plants from the variant KS (29.88%). The lowest cell damage was exhibited in plants grown under control conditions, which again indicates that damage cells increases in response to water deficit. In this experiment the highest degree of cell damage was found in the variety of sorghum 1216 (29.26%) and lowest cell damage was observed in the variety of sorghum Ruzrok (27.03%). A significant different degree of cell damage appeared only in the variety foxtail millet Ruberit (28.6%), which confirms our hypothesis that there are differences in the electrolyte leakage between sorghum and foxtail millet.
The hypotheses were not fully confirmed by the experiment. Nevertheless, on the basis of obtained results we conclude that the least drought-resistance genotype is the 1216 variety and the best adapted to the water deficit was the Ruzrok variety. It also confirmed that the higher proline accumulation may protect the plant against the negative effects of water deficit on the cell membranes, which is then reflected in a reduced electrolyte leakage.
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University of the third age as a part of lifelong learning system
Mocsonokyová, Zuzana ; Hanušová, Marie (advisor) ; Kuš, Kuš (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "University of the third age as a part of lifelong learning system" is focused on the University of the Third Age and their candidates, who are people of retirees and their motivation for learning. In the theoretical part are characterized possibilities of senior's education and motivation, and needs which are focused on seniors. In the next part of bachelor's thesis is characterized by the development and establishment of the University of the Third Age (U3A) and summarized the possibilities of education at the University of the Third Age at CULS Prague (Czech University of Life Sciences Prague).
The practical part is devoted to a survey, exactly the questionnaire survey, for which were approached the respondents from courses U3A at CULS Prague. The results of collected data are compared with the input hypoteses and assessing what motivates seniors to education in the final section of bachelor's thesis.
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Influence of white and yellow flower rape on incidence of natural enemies of pests
Křížek, Stanislav ; Kazda, Jan (advisor) ; Daniel, Daniel (referee)
The insect society living in oilseed rape is large. Change of the crop characteristics affects both harmful species and beneficious ones. The latter group consists of a lot of members of order Hymenoptera. This work focuses on the evaluation of impact of white oilseed rape cultivation on the insect society in comparison with two yellow winter varieties. Newly bred winter oilseed rape line variety Witt was compared to two hybrid varieties of yellow rape; Sherpa and DK Sensei. The experiment was carried out in 2015 and its plots were placed at Ruzyně at Crop Reserach Institute (VÚRV, v. v. i.) and also at the Experimental Unit of Czech University of Life Sciences (ČZU) in Uhříněves. The insects were collected by sweeping net, soil larvae traps and soil emergence traps. The occurrence of serious pests (pollen beetle Brassicogethes aeneus, brassica pod midge Dasineura brassicae, cabbage seed weevil Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, stem flea beetle Psylliodes chrysocephalus and cabbage flea beetles Phyllotreta sp.) was recorded. Dominant parasitoid species were Tersilochus heterocerus, Platygaster subuliformis, Trichomalus perfectus, Mesopolobus morys and Omphale clypealis. The level of pest mortality was evaluated. Numbers of species identified by key were processed using generalized linear model method in R statistical software. The results confirm suitability of the assessed varieties in the white oilseed rape cultivation system, notably in the combination of Sherpa and Witt. They give an insight into parasitoid community of oilseed rape in Czech republic, which is useful for management of serious pest species.
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Comparison of various methods monitoring insect diversity in sown flower strips and neighboring fields of winter wheat and winter oilseed rape
Kolařík, David ; Kazda, Jan (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
In this study we deal with comparison of insect monitoring methods on flowering strip, wheat and oilseed rape. The experiment is located at two study sites: Crop Research Institute at Ruzyně and Experiment unit of Czech University of Life Sciences in Uhříněves. The experiment was carried out in 2015.
To make monitoring we utilized sweeping net, Möricke yellow traps, transect counting and as a supplementary method we utilized light trap. Monitoring was done in 25 of June, 16 of July and 12 of August 2015. These dates were chosen because of flowering of the strip which was the most important issue in this study. As a result of this the insect diversity in other almost harvested variants was quite low.
The most important insect species quantities were collected from Möricke traps in all three variants. But this fact could be naturally based on the attractivity of the yellow color, so we can´t reliably say, if in out of bloom rape or wheat could be present this high amount of insect or if it is only being attracted by color of the trap from the neighborhood.
The second method with the highest insect occurrence was sweeping net. Again the highest species diversity was described from the flowering strip.
The lowest amount of insects was noted in transect counting. This method has (contrastingly to the others) disadvantage in the high possibility of fail to detect small insect, which are normally noticed by the other methods.
Light trap monitored about the highest species number, where the majority of species belong to order Lepidoptera. That sway this method was employed only to enrich the species diversity.
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Analysis of strategic decisions and their impact on prosperity of PATOK a.s.
Rais, Patrik ; Tomšík, Karel (advisor)
This Diploma Thesis has been written and defended at the Université Catholique de Lyon in France under the Double Degree Agreement between the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, and the Université Catholique de Lyon. In accordance with the Double Degree Agreement, this Diploma Thesis is fully recognized as part of the MSc programme study at the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague.
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Analysis of business incubator
Očenášek, Vojtěch ; Smékalová, Lucie (advisor) ; Kateřina, Kateřina (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Analysis of business incubator" deals with the topic of support of businesses in the Czech Republic, mainly the usage of business incubators as a tool of support. The thesis summarizes said issues and describes types of business incubators, their function and history and thoroughly focuses on describing how business incubator Point One, which belongs to the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, operates. It concers the reasons of creating the incubator, how it is financed, conditions of admission, its members and offered services. Based on that the thesis includes SWOT analysis which judges the functioning of selected components of business incubator Point One and also the incubator as a whole. The SWOT analysis results in suggestions of adjustments in the incubator's programme. The thesis is based on the author's personal participation in the process of incubation.
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E-learning support of lifelong learning
Dlabal, Lukáš ; Husa, Jiří (advisor) ; Karel, Karel (referee)
Bachelor thesis titled "E-learning support of lifelong learning" is focused on creating
e-learning course for professional competence in electrical engineering using LMS Moodle
system for employees and PhD students of Faculty of Engineering Czech University of
Life Sciences in Prague. The first part deals with the theoretical basis of the problem, the
concepts of lifelong learning and e-learning course, LMS systems. Then is electric technical competence with various levels of expertise. Thus they describe themselves substrates for creating e-learning course. At the beginning of his work is explained by objective and methodology, as well as its target group and the very concept of developing the course. They are discussed various thematic areas of the course in terms of teaching didactics and expertise. In the chapter result, this course is submitted by several participants, who have made known - piloting. Finally, the whole course given to the person at the Faculty of Engineering Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague carries out educational activities in the area.
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Evaluation of roe deer losses during meadow harvests in Semily
Sýkora, Petr ; Kušta, Tomáš (advisor) ; Benediktová, Kateřina (referee)
SÝKORA, Petr. Evaluation of the issue of young roe deer mortality during haymaking in Semilsko: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences.
The aim of the work Evaluation of the issue of young roe deer mortality during haymaking in Semilsko was the research of technical text on selected issues as well as the analysis of the hunting of Vošmenda Valley Hunting Association. On the basis of this analysis, three sites of the similar size were chosen. Subsequently, various frightening devices were placed there and the mortality of young roe deer during haymaking was studied. The next aim was the evaluation of the ratio of the loss of roe deer to measures used.
The frightening devices used in order to achieve these goals were: the scent fence along with a mechanical frightening device (polystyrene boards hanging on a stick), passing through the area with a hunting dog and the site without any protective measure.
The result of the work was a comparison of these sites with the mortality of young roe deer when using different protective measures. The site where a hunting dog was used turned out to be the one with no mortality. On the contrary, the site where the combination of different measures was used, turned out to be the worst one.
Individual sites were influenced by various factors that affected the course of haymaking, for example the weather and time of cutting. The communication between farmers and hunters itself is also of great importance.
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The self-coaching course for undergraduates
Trojanová, Daniela ; Jirsáková, Jitka (advisor) ; Miroslava, Miroslava (referee)
The Bachelor Thesis Self-coaching course for undergraduates deals with the method of coaching and its goal is to design, prepare and realize self-coaching course for undergraduates. All based on the interconnection of knowledge in the field of coaching and self-management.
The methods, which were used during the writing of this Bachelor Thesis, were studying of the scientific literature and questionnaire investigation. The theoretical part includes basic characteristic of coaching, coaching tools, introduction to self-coaching, education for adults, preparation and formation of courses for adults with taking account of its target group. The Practical part of the Thesis was to probationary verified particular course designed especially for students of Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. The questionnaire investigation shows that the interest rate had no specific group of students, and most of them met coaching method for the first time. Based on the final evaluation of questionnaires, it is clear that the students were largely satisfied with the course and its content fulfilled their expectations. Students answered that they will try to use any kind of acquired knowledge from the course for their future development. The conclusion summarizes further innovation of the course due to the pilot stage.
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Environmental control over growth of coniferous trees with attention to Norway spruce
Kníř, Tomáš ; Čada, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Ulbrichová, Iva (referee)
Norway spruce belongs to the pine family. It has conical shape of the crown and straight trunk, the height ranges from 20 to 35 meters. Its natural habitat in the Czech Republic is in high elevations. The optimal temperature is 6 °C and the rainfall in the vegetation period is 490 580 mm.
The thesis also contains data about growth and the requirements for influential processes and regulators. I also review the formation of the growth rings - i.e. growth ring definition, formation and internal and external influences.
The thesis also focuses on dendrochronology. This science is a basis for obtaining information from dated growth rings. Using dendrochronology we can determin the annual diameter increment and the age of the tree. This science is divided into several different subdisciplines according to the usage of the growth rings data such as dendroclimatology, dendroecology, dendrogeomorphology, dendrohydrology and dendroarcheology. The selection of the area where samples are collected for the data analysis is the key factor.
The environment influences the growth of the trees both in the positive and the negative way. The climate is one of the most important factors that influence the growth. Climatic influences are mainly rainfall and air temperature where the influence differs between low and high altitudes. Anthropogenic influences, mainly air pollution (ozone, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, sulfur dioxide), play important part for the tree growth as well.
From the gained knowledge is clear that Norway spruce should be in the future planted in higher altitudes where in case of global warming better conditions are for the tree.
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