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Nutrigenomic analysis of diet influence in prenatal and early development on metabolic syndrome aspects manifestation in adulthood.
Školníková, Elena ; Šeda, Ondřej (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee) ; Malínská, Hana (referee)
16 Abstract The rising prevalence in noncommunicable diseases worldwide calls for the effort to determine their underlying causes. Common metabolic disorders in particular overwhelm the healthcare systems and are a one of the leading causes of poor quality of life of patients. Metabolic syndrome is represented by concurrence of several conditions - dyslipidaemia, obesity, hypertension or impaired glucose tolerance - altered metabolic phenotypes related to genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies suggest that early-life exposure to certain environmental stimuli is particularly capable of changing the mammalian phenotypes. Nutrition, as one of the major factors influencing health, is naturally a focus of research, which studies the link between parental diets and phenotypic alterations in offspring. The developmental origins of health and disease were historically more focused on maternal undernutrition, it is, however, more important to focus on surplus of macronutrients considering the westernization of modern diets. We propose the relevancy of not only the amount of macronutrients in maternal diet, but also their sources, as they may increase disease risk in offspring. Here we report, that sucrose as an alternative carbohydrate in maternal diet, has a marked impact on metabolism of the offspring...
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Nutrigenetic analysis of metabolic syndrome: the role of spontaneously hypertensive rat chromosome 4
Petrů, Karolína ; Šeda, Ondřej (advisor) ; Malínská, Hana (referee)
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition with a number of interacting genes, epigenetic and environmental factors underlying its pathogenesis. The analysis of genetic component of MetS showed that number of defining parameters of the syndrome is linked to regions of rat chromosome 4. In order to verify these quantitative trait loci (QTL), a double congenic strain was derived with parts of chromosome 4 of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR, an inbred MetS model) origin introgressed onto genomic background of congenic Brown Norway strain (BN-Lx). The aim of the proposed thesis is comprise detail genetic mapping of differential segments of the above mentioned double congenic strain BN-Lx.SHR4 and comparison of its metabolic profile under different dietary conditions with varying carbohydrate and fat content. Utilizing DNA sequence and gene expression comparisons, candidate genes or polymorphisms for the MetS aspects and potential nutrigenetic interactions will be identified. Key words: nutrigenetics, experimental models, metabolic syndrome, congenic strain, genotyping, rat
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Influence of education on blood lipid levels in dyslipidemic patients
Macinauerová, Romana ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Šatný, Martin (referee)
Dyslipidemia belongs to the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases with the prevention and treatment based on the necessary dietary restrictions and a change in the lifestyle. The main aim of this work is to assess the impact of dietary restrictions and a healthier lifestyle on the patient's lipid profile, a secondary aim is to evaluate the patient's eating habits. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical background and an applied study. The theoretical background describes the importance and types of different lipids in humans and their characteristic transport pattern and digestion. This work also explains the concept of dyslipidemia, the classification, treatment and diagnostic approaches and the role in a metabolic syndrome clustering. An important part of the dyslipidemia treatment and prevention is the public education and this part of the thesis also outlines different forms with the correct principles. An integral part of the education is the adherence of a patient, what may be a key aspect of the dyslipidemia treatment. The applied study exploits: (i) a questionnaire that follows eating habits and consummation frequency of selected foods and drinks in patients from the Lipid Clinic of The Center for Cardiovascular Prevention, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st...
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The influence of lifestyle on components of metabolic syndrome
Křesáková, Nikola ; Svačina, Štěpán (advisor) ; Šatný, Martin (referee)
Metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors, including abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and glucose metabolism disorders (prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus). This syndrome affects about a quarter of the total population and raises the risk for developing especially cardiovascular diseases. In addition, it also affects other health areas, so this problem is very serious. This work consists of two parts. Part one, theoretical, describes metabolic syndrome, i.e. its precise diagnostic criteria, causes, main risks, prevention and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, which may be invasive (bariatric surgery), but mainly consists in lifestyle changes. Part two of the thesis, practical, presents a research in the form of a questionnaire survey. The questions were intended for patients visiting the obesity clinic for the first time and were mainly related to the current health problems and the patients' current lifestyle. Over a half of the patients met the metabolic syndrome criteria, 2/3 of the patients had hypertension, and of all factors, hypertension was most associated with obesity. As far as lifestyle questions are concerned, a lack of exercise had a negative impact on health, when only a few patients had regular physical activity, and diet, when most...
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Dietary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Kafková, Tereza ; Flekač, Milan (advisor) ; Pelcl, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with a dietary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This thesis is split into two parts: a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part covers the topic of type 2 diabetes mellitus with a focus on a dietary prevention. The first chapters are more general, dealing with type 2 diabetes mellitus, its characteristics, complications and treatment. A chapter about obesity and metabolic syndrome is also included for a better understanding of the whole issue. The practical part of the thesis is focused on an awareness survey and approach to the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus for people having a higher risk of developing this disease. Individuals with a positive family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and patients suffering from overweight or obesity, were selected as those having a higher risk of developing the disease. The research is based on a quantitative questionnaire survey. A total number of 108 respondents participated in this survey. For the purposes of the research, the respondents were divided into two groups based on the mentioned risk factors. Based on the research results, a significant number of respondents (84 % in total) were aware that there was some sort of prevention of this disease possible. The respondents considered the...
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Advanced lipidomics in selected clinical conditions
Staňková, Barbora ; Tvrzická, Eva (advisor) ; Hyánek, Josef (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee)
Abnormalities of lipid metabolism are considered risk factors for cardiovascular, metabolic, nephrologic diseases amd some malignancies, as well. Nowadays, a lot of effort is devoted to study new risk factors and surrogate markers of conditions mentioned above to improve their prognosis and decrease mortality. The aim of this thesis was to provide a comprehensive survey of lipid metabolism, characteristics of different lipid compounds in health and diseases and of possibilities of utilization of selected lipid parameters in the diagnostics of pathological conditions listed above. Selected lioid parameters were observed in several studies, focused on specific pathological conditions. Besides conventional lipid analytes, the composition of fatty acids in plasma lipid pools was studied in healthy controls, and in the patients suffering from metabolic syndrome, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer, as well. Markers of an oxidative stress (oxidatively modified LDL particles and conjugated dienes in precipitated LDL) were assessed in healthy controls, patients with metabolic syndrome, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and in the patients with different concentrations of plasma apoB-48, too. LDL particles subfraction were investigated in healthy controls, in the patients with different...
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Natural compounds applicable for the treatment of metabolic syndrome
Hradecká, Michaela ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Hradecká M.: Natural compounds applicable for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, Diploma thesis 2018/2019, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, pp. 60. Occurence of metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide in children and adults. The use of natural compounds is one of possibilities in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. These compounds may act complexly or affect individual risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. Selected plants with these effects are incorporated into my diploma thesis (for example Allium sativum, Crataegus laevigata, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Persea americana, Rosmarinus officinalis, Silybum marianum and Vaccinium myrtillus). The alga Undaria pinnatifida and fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju are also mentioned. It is necessary to carry out other clinical studies, where the positive effect of mentioned constituents will be confirmed, which could be added to the list of phytopharmaceuticals used to prevent, slow down or treat the metabolic syndrome in the future. Keywords: natural compounds, metabolic syndrome
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Pharmacotherapy of metabolic syndrome and nutrition
Nesvadbová, Eliška ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Bartošová, Olga (referee)
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is considered a proatherogenic, proinflammatory and prothrombogenic condition, high-risk especially in terms of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Presence of metabolic syndrome is connected with plenty of other disorders. The prevalence in adult European population is 20-30 % and it's expected to rise in the future. In metabolic syndrome treatment and prevention non-pharmacological therapy including regular physical activity, keeping of optimal weight and rational diet has essential importance. Principle of pharmacotherapy is a choice of optimal antidiabetics, hypolipidemics, antihypertensives and eventually anti-obesity drugs. For long-term compensation of metabolic syndrome, pharmacotherapy of associated diseases is also essential. Some medicaments can have negative effects on glycemia, blood lipids, body weight or blood pressure, so the choice of medication isn't always easy. Objectives: The main objective of this thesis includes the description of pharmacotherapy of metabolic syndrome and associated diseases in questioned patients. The research is focused on medicaments and combinations of medicaments with positive effect on metabolic syndrome components, and also on substances potentially inappropriate for patients with metabolic syndrome. The secondary...
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Study of genetic and infectious risk factors in the pathogenesis of obesity in Czech adolescents.
Elblová, Lenka
4 Abstract The prevalence of obesity and its related cardiometabolic complications in children remains high across the world. Obesity is a multifactorial disease caused by interaction between genes and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies have discovered several single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with obesity. A causal role of infection in the pathogenesis of obesity has also been considered, particularly the role of adenovirus 36 (Adv36). The aim of the Ph.D. thesis was to investigate the associations of obesity susceptibility loci (TMEM18, SH2B1, KCTD15, PCSK1, BDNF, SEC16B, MC4R, FTO) and Adv36 infection with obesity-related characteristics and complications in the Czech adolescent population. The results are described in eight publications, of which six are original papers and two are reviews. Studies were performed on a cohort of Czech adolescents recruited either from the general population (1,533 individuals from the epidemiological study) and from in-patient or outpatient weight management clinics (562 overweight/obese individuals underwent an intervention). The results demonstrated an association of TMEM18, SEC16B and FTO gene variants with obesity. Some variants of the genes involved in hypothalamic regulation of energy homeostasis − MC4R, BDNF, PCSK1 − were related to...
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