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A patient with a mental disability on a standard hospital ward.
VÁCLAVÍKOVÁ, Monika
This bachelor thesis deals with specifics of nursing care of patient with mental disability on a standard hospital ward. The thesis is divided into theoretical part where the basic information about mental disability are described including nursing care. The analytical part is aimed on experiences and knowledge of nurses who are caring of this patients and the other aspects which influence nursing care. The aim of the bachelor thesis is find out possible problems which occur during the hospitalization. Qualitative research using semi-structured interviews was selected for the analytical part. It was supplemented by direct, hide, participant observation. Ten nurses working at different standard wards in different hospitals were intentionaly selected for the research. The given interviews were processed by the open coding technique using pencil and paper. 7 categories and some subcategories were created and were further elaborated according to their specialization. Observation was performed on the Internal Department in one South Bohemian hospital. Seven nurses were observed. The analysis of observation was made by describing the individual record sheets and the situations and their comparison. The research shows that nursing care of patients with mental disability is difficult and have to be individualized. The most common problems in these patients are impaired adaptability, self-care deficit, disturbed verbal communication, incontinence, the risk of a violence and impaired social interactions. Nurses encounter all degrees of mental disability. The grade of mental disability is one of the aspects that greatly affects nursing care. Quality communication and sufficient patient information are essential for proper nursing care. The results of this bachelor thesis could be used for nurses or nursing students. The results can serve as an information material for anyone who wants to learn more about mentally handicapped patients.
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The analysis of drug-related problems potentially leading to hospitalization among geriatric patients
Očovská, Zuzana ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Rozsívalová, Petra (referee)
Candidate: Zuzana Očovská1 Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Jiří Vlček, CSc.1 Consultant: PharmDr. Martina Maříková2 1 Department Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University 2 University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hospital Pharmacy, Head of the Division of Clinical Pharmacy Title of the master thesis: The analysis of drug-related problems potentially leading to hospitalization among geriatric patients Hospital admissions due to drug-related problems (DRPs) represent a relevant clinical issue with significant economic consequences. Polypharmacy and age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes make elderly patients particularly prone to develop DRP. The aim of the theoretical part of this thesis was to introduce the issue of drug-related problems and to outline the results of previous studies concerning drug-related hospitalizations among geriatric patients. The aim of the practical part was to determine the prevalence of DRP potentially leading to hospitalization and to identify the most common medication classes involved in these DRPs. Over the period of six months 200 admissions to geriatric ward of III. Internal Gerontometabolic Clinic of University Hospital Hradec Králové have been retrospectively evaluated in order to determine whether the...
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Hospitalism prevention in preschool children
URBANOVÁ, Eva
Disease is a very burdensome and unfavorable situation for every person in his life, which, in some cases is connected with necessary hospitalization. Althought there is an attept at hospitalizing individuals only for necessary time, there are still situations where this period of hospital stay is very long for some patients. Particularly child patients who does not fully understand why he can not be at home in his environment with his closest ones. The aim of all healthcare professionals is to provide hospitalized children with an environment that would eliminate negative psychological and physical manifestations in connection with their involuntary stay in the hospital. Nowadays, however, many other professions are involved in the care of hospitalized children than they did before. The aim of the research was to identify pre-emptive measures of preventing hospitalism manifestation of pre-school children used by selected childrens departments. We also found out how these measures are for doctors, nurses, hospitalized children and their parents. Theoretical part of diploma thesis is prepared on the base of professional sources. A qualitative method was chosen for the empirical part, using semi-structured interwievs with doctors, nurses, pre-school aged hospitalized children and their mothers. The interwievs were conducted in February and March 2017 at two childrens departments of hospitals in the South Bohemian and Moravian-Silesian regions. The obtained data were then analyzed by the open encoding method. The analysis procedure was divided into three individual phases. In the first phase interwievs with medical staff were prepared. In the second phase, data from mothers were analyzed. The third phase consist of a detailed analysis of interviews with children. From the results of the research survey, it is obvious, that elimination of the negative cosequences of the pre-school children hospitalization is done mainly by fulfillment of the Charter of Children's Rights in the Hospital. The main focus is on the lenght of hospitalization, the elimination of unnecessary healing and nursing procedures and, last but not least, the creation of conditions for joint hospitalization with the parents, who then become more active participants in the entire healing process. Parents are provided with enough information, they can do basic nursing care, and, most importantly, as they are all the time with the children, they may be sure that children gets the best care. At the same time, healthcare professionals, especially nurses, gets time that they need not only for their professional activities, but also for children who are hospitalized without their parents. Nurses and doctors can wear colorful uniforms, which certainly have a major effect on appropriate child adaptation and can relieve their anxiety. Kiwanis dolls are being used for examination. They may also serve as a mean of healing and nursing procedures demonstration. Kiwanis dolls, accompanying pre-school child during his hospitalization, also serve for demonstration of feelings or as a mean of creative activity or a game. The analysis of the research results shows that teachers, volunteers, and various organizations have also been involved in the care of hospitalized children in the children departments, which brings many ideas, possibilities and projects. This effective and well coordinated cooperation can be of great importance in the care of hospitalized children, moreover it can also make a major contribution to the quality of nursing care in pediatrics. By taking part in department, they create space for the healthcare professionals, who will gain time for their professional work. They also participate in the humanization of department. At the same time, they create programs for children and parrents that will make their time spent in the hospital more pleasant and allow them to forget of their stay in the hospital.
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Positive Influence of Leisure Acitivites on Psychological Condition and the Quality of Life of a Child in a Hospital
BROUMOVÁ, Zulika
My thesis deals with the influence of leisure time activity on psychological state and quality of life of hospitalized child. In theoretical part there is presented historical development of the view of illnes, hospitalization and leisure time, further the theoretical part deals with the concept of quality of life focusing on quality of life of hospitalized. Practical part includes quality research focusing on importance of leisure time activities of hospitalized children, options of leisure time and its influence on psychological state and quality of life of hospitalized child. Analysis of interviews with parents of hospitalized children seeks to answer the research questions:the extent to which leisure time activities are provided on wards and if, or how much are beneficial for hospitalized child, quality of its life and its psychological state.
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The use of Roy´s model in adaptation of preschool child in a hospital environment
MACHÁČKOVÁ, Petra
Current situation: Human as a bio-psycho-social person is in the interaction with the constantly changing environment. The process is called adaptation that Callista Roy deals with. Adaptation to the environment where the person is, leads to the right development and survival. Adaptation of the child to the hospital environment greatly effects its psyche, therefore it is necessary to prevent inefection adaptation and adapt the hospital environment as much as it is possible to its home environment. The task of the nurse is to work with the stimules that influence the child through the nursing interventions aimed to an adaptation of the child. Objectives of the work: Two goals have been set for this work. To map out the causing stimules for preschool child in an adaptation to the hospital environment and to map out the nursing interventions carried out in pre-school child in an adaptation to the hospital environment. There were these research question: What stimules are causing in an adaptation of the pre-school child in the hospital environment? What nursing interventions are carried out to the pre-school child in an adaptation to the hospital environment. Methodology: Qualitative research was selected to achieve the objectives. Methods of the nonstandardized in-depth interview, observation of the children which was supplemented by questioning parents and analysis of the medical documentation were used for the collection of data. Results: Fourteen categories of the results interview with nurses and five case studies structured according to the Roy´s model were made by analysing obtained informations. Conclusion: We were investigated the influences during the adaptation of the pre-school child and interventions that nurses are doing to strenghten or suppress these influences, in this work. The results of the work show the most frequent inteventions carried out in the speciffic influencing factors determined by the Roy´s model
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Nurse in the role of the patient
BLAŽKOVÁ, Hana
Everyone may be admitted to hospital, even a nurse. Nurses in the role of patients may have a completely different experience with hospitalization than other patients. The nurse is familiar with the issue, but other clients are usually not. That can have its advantages and disadvantages. The advantage is that a nurse-patient knows how should the nursing care look like and then she can evaluate her colleague. The disadvantage is that if a nurse makes a mistake, the nurse-patient recognizes it and may worry about possible complications. The first goal is to ascertain how the nurse experienced hospitalization as a patient. The second objective is to determine how the hospitalization influenced the nurse in her employment. The research was conducted by applying the qualitative method. The method was carried out by using a semi-structured interview. Thirteen respondents were approached for the survey. All answers are completely anonymous. The interviews were collected during March 2018. The categorization of the results was processed by coding and dividing into categories and subcategories. The collected data revealed that the nurses' experiences with hospitalization are very individual. The most significant problems have been reported in providing information. Errors in performing expert procedures were also revealed. These errors could endanger the health of clients. The nurse-patients appreciated the nursing care. After the hospitalization, the work of nurses in their employment was also affected. The nurses considerably improved in communication, education, empathy, and general approach to the patient. They are able to sympathise with the patients because of experiencing their hospitalization. We have concluded that if a nurse gains the experience from her own hospitalization she can then comprehend the role of the patient and at the same time she can provide better nursing care. The results of this study may serve as a material for nurses to consider their behaviour and their approach to the patients.
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Use of physiotherapy to restore function after total knee replacement
VORÁČKOVÁ, Marcela
The bachelor thesis deals with possibilities of early physiotherapy of patients after total knee replacement during hospitalization and explores its influence on improvement of the movement of the joint and muscular strength, healing of the surrounding tissues, increasing mobility and independence of the patient. It is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with the anatomy of the knee joint, its kinesiology and gonarthrosis. Further it contains information about total replacement, the actual surgery, and especially the description of a suitable therapy focused mainly on the postoperative phase during hospitalization and also after the discharge into the home care. The physical therapy and care abroad is also mentioned. The practical part consists of qualitative research. The aim was to compile patient case reports after this surgery and propose a rehabilitation plan for them. During the research, I cooperated with three patients. Each case report includes a medical history, an initial and a final examination with a suggestion of a short-term rehabilitation plan and its description. Moreover, there is an evaluation of the therapy and a draft for a long-term rehabilitation plan. The therapy was conducted every weekday during the hospitalization and the contribution of physiotherapy was evaluated on the basis of the comparison of the initial and final examinations results. All patients experienced a significant improvement in the flexion of the operated joint, gait and independence, increased muscle strength of the limb, decreased swelling and pain, and the pathological barrier of the tissues of the operated limb. However, the elasticity of the scar and tissues around the patella, trigger points and shortened muscle groups were not affected within the time allowed. Physiotherapy have proved to be highly beneficial to all these patients, but during the short time there has been no improvement or restoration of all the aspects observed. Therefore, it is important to continue with regular care even after leaving hospital. This work can be used by students as well as patients, who are about to undergo a surgery of this kind, and other health care staff.
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LCD a VLCD diet during hospitalization
Zajíčková, Jana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Kytnarová, Jitka (referee)
Objective: LCD and VLCD diets are short-term indicated (days to weeks) low caloric and very low caloric diets, which should be supervised by a doctor - e. g. by means a weight loss hospitalization (WLH). LCD and VLCD diets are used in preoperative preparation of obese patients and to break insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM II). The theoretical part of the bachelor"s thesis is focused on LCD and VLCD in obesity and diabetes mellitus treatment - the two most common diseases that can be found in the medical history of patients indicated for WLH. The aim of the theoretical part is to compare obesity treatment in medical care and commercial weight loss programs (for commercial weight loss programs the term "obesity management" is used). The study evaluate the most common indications for WLH, determine weight changes during the hospitalization and compare the weight of patients with DM II and without DM II (nDM II) one year after the WLH. Methods: The input data were obtained from the Medea database. These are the anamnestic data of patients hospitalized for the purpose of losing weight on the Third Medical Department of First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague in the period of January 2014 - January 2015. There were 93 WLHs...
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Mental stress and coping with stress in parents of children with external ventricular drainage
Procházková, Kateřina ; Mellanová, Alena (advisor) ; Kratinová, Zuzana (referee)
Presented theoretical and empirical thesis deals with the issue of external ventricular drainage and coping with stress in parents of children hospitalized at the intensive care unit of an unnamed workplace. The theoretical part of the definition of ,,external ventricular drainage" and the problems associated with the care of children with established external ventricular drainage. As part of the anatomy and pathophysiology of the brain, where the drainage introduced. This chapter also discussed the hospitalization of the child, including accompanying persons and the possible effect on the entire family of the situation. At the end of this part are mapped psychological stress, stress and stress management techniques to assist. The research part of this work was aimed at comparing whether the parents of sick children plays an important factor in coping with this stressful situation nursing staff or a close family. It was also determined the rate of information provided to parents of young patients by medical personnel. Furthermore, the aim was to work to determine overall satisfaction with the approach of parents and professionals work at the specific workplace. In the empirical part contains the results of quantitative research implemented initially, with the help of special questionnaire, which...
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