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Contribution of social dominance on performance in spatial cognitive tasks in pigeons
Janská, Iveta ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
Diploma thesis generally compares individual success pigeons in spatial tasks of varying complexity (in a role that requires abstraction of visual stimuli representing spatial relationships on the touch screen using two different strategies and spatial search task the middle plate of a series of plates with different variants of location) with hierarchical status of males and group females. Specifically thesis compares individual success pigeons in spatial tasks of varying complexity. The hardest task requires a certain level of abstraction of visual stimuli representing spatial relationships using experimentally induced two strategies: mapping strategy or specific symbol association with a position in space. The role tests on the touch screen with the help of operant conditionings. Difficulty in various stages of growing, the last stage role does manage only some individuals. Conversely easier task in real space with a bird tasked with finding the midpoint between objects in different variants locations within the arena. The difficulty of the task is not growing, and it can solve some individuals who have not learned operant conditioning if the previous job. Performance in cognitive tasks could be affected by the hierarchical status of the animal in the group. Pigeons position in the hierarchy has...
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Symbolic Boundaries constructed by a a Group of Stagehands
Kubíček, Matěj ; Šanderová, Jadwiga (advisor) ; Grygar, Jakub (referee)
Matěj Kubíček - Symbolic boundaries constructed by a group of stgehands Abstract The author analyzes the way a group of stagehands (manual workers in the preparation of cultural events) construct symbolic and social boundaries within and especially outside group, ie to other participants in the preparation and conduct of these events. Theoretical background of the thesis is the concept of symbolic and social boundaries by Michele Lamont and Virag Molnar and the theory of moral boundaries by Andrew Sayer. Sayer's theory says that the moral boundaries of groups or societies are formed on the basis of the values shared by these groups and the moral condemnation of other groups or companies due to non-recognition of these values. Author's field work confirms that this strategy of the creation of borders is present and shows the specific values it is based on. He finds that stagehands construct symbolic boundaries that are parallel to the formal boundaries, only with opposite direction of superiority.
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Gender in compulsory reading - Old greek myths and legends: gender analysis of the writing
Zochová, Iveta ; Jiroutová Kynčlová, Tereza (advisor) ; Knotková - Čapková, Blanka (referee)
This thesis Gender in compulsory reading - Old Greek Myths and Legends: Gender analysis of the writing deals with literary representation of gender issues in mentioned writing, written by Eduard Petiška. The very analysis is based on analysing of gender topics and issues we are interested in and focused on. These topics are compared and showed using examples from particular myths and legend. The question whether these topics are influenced by patriarchal order in the society is the crucial for this thesis. Despite the variability of Petiška's writing, which is necessarily caused by variations of ancient and continuously construated stories; some patterns and systems are there to be found and explored by contemporary gender theories, mostly by feministic literature criticism. In this thesis the method of resisting reading according to Judith Fetterley is used. The deconstruction of the text and its hidden values which are based on male domination and the reconstruction of it in order to show the new perspective at the same moment are the main goals of resisting reading. The characters from the legends are used in context of archetypal criticism method. Considering the literature-critical perspective, the method of close reading is chosen. The question of relations and using of power, considering...
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Right and good : Argumentation and Discourse of Cze ch Activists for Women's Suffrage
Gelnarová, Jitka ; Říchová, Blanka (advisor) ; Kobová, Ĺubica (referee) ; Dudeková, Gabriela (referee)
Right and good : Argumentation and Discourse of Czech Activists for Women's Suffrage Jitka Gelnarová Abstract The dissertation deals with the concept of suffrage within the discourse of Czech women's suffrage activists between 1897 and 1914. The aim is to define how the concept of suffrage was constructed by Czech suffragists within the context they lived in, how their notion of the suffrage was influenced by the fact that different women were positioned differently within the system of hierarchies based on gender, class and nation. The dissertation focuses on the hierarchies present in the discourse; the relation of "public" and private" in the discourse; the notion of "political representation" in the discourse; positions the suffragists spoke from and their representation of the enemy ("us/them"); the functions the concept of "Czechness" fulfilled in relation to the demand of female suffrage in the discourse; and the relation of "universality" and "particularity" to the demand of female suffrage in the discourse.
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Woman journalists working in Czech news media from the perspective of political economy of communication
Vochocová, Lenka ; Jirák, Jan (advisor) ; Plecitá, Klára (referee) ; Havelková, Hana (referee)
The dissertation thesis Structures and hierarchies in professional discourse of journalists in the Czech Republic with a focus on the factor of gender deals with professional self-reflection of Czech daily news journalists from the perspective of feminist political economy. This attitude connects the field of gender media studies and the political economy of communication, stresses the intersection of gender and other factors (demographic, socio- cultural, economic, organizational) when examining the influences in the profession and poses questions about the extent of individual autonomy in both professional and extraprofessional hierarchies. The theoretical introduction defines the field of gender media studies in terms of topics and conflicting ideas, summarizes the conclusions of gender research on media institutions and focuses on the perspective of studying gender among many influences in the news such as economic, sociocultural and organizational factors. The analysis of in-depth interviews with Czech daily news journalists reveals how the importance of gender as an influence in news media is constructed in professional discourse in the context of other structural and organizational influences. Based on the collected data and its analysis, it suggests focusing in detail on the possible...
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Hierarchical compression
Kreibichová, Lenka ; Lánský, Jan (advisor) ; Dvořák, Tomáš (referee)
The most of existing text compression methods is based on the same base concept. First the Input text is divided into sequence of text units. These text units cat be single symbols, syllables or words. When compressing large text files, searching for redundancies over longer text units is usually more effective than searching over the shorter ones. But if we choose words as base units we cannot anymore catch redundancies over symbols and syllables. In this paper we propose a new text compression method called Hierarchical compresssion. It constructs hierarchical grammar to store redundancies over syllables, words and upper levels of text. The code of the text then consists of code of this grammer. We proposed a strategy for constructing hierarchical grammar for concrete input text and we proposed an effective way how to encode it. Above mentioned our proposed method is compared with some other common methods of text compression.
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Conjunctural Bratislava
Sokol, Daniel ; Dostál, Petr (advisor) ; Korec, Pavol (referee)
Conjunctural Bratislava is regional study which emphasises the topic of identity and social features of the city and its impact on the physical infrastucture and organisation of the city. First theoretical part introduces the Theory of conjunctural city based on connection between hierarchy and dynamic development in broad sense. Second part provides the systematic view of Bratislava, explaining some aspects of the theory (population, economy, urbanism, transportation, culture). Short chapter is dedicated to current conceptual ideas of Bratislava in terms of a city and a region, too. The last part of the study brings a brief prognostic view of main prospects of the city and some possible problems which may occure soon or later. Empirical study in appendix is aimed to Bratislava's hiphop culture and its musical production. I analysed three local hip hop songs. Bratislava has been chosen for its uniqueness, being one of the very few remaining conjunctural cities in Europe.
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Conjunctural Bratislava
Sokol, Daniel ; Sýkora, Luděk (advisor) ; Kostelecký, Tomáš (referee)
Conjunctural Bratislava is complex regional study which emphasises the topic of identity and social features of the city and its impact on the physical infrastucture and organisation of the city. First theoretical part introduces the Theory of conjunctural city based on connection between hierarchy and dynamic development in broad sense. Second part provides the systematic view of Bratislava, explaining some aspects of the theory (population, economy, urbanism, transportation, culture). Short chapter is dedicated to current conceptual ideas of Bratislava in terms of a city and a region, too. The last part of the study brings a brief prognostic view of main prospects of the city and some possible problems which may occure soon or later. Empirical study in appendix is aimed to Bratislava's hiphop culture and its musical production. I have chosen four songs for the analysis (three local ones and one from Prague hip hop group PSH). Bratislava has been chosen for its uniqueness, being one of the very few remaining conjunctural cities in Europe. Keywords: Bratislava, city, identity, hierarchy, theory, regional development, hip hop
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Maternal behaviour in Giraffes (Giraffidae)
Gloneková, Markéta ; Baranyiová, Eva (advisor) ; Luděk, Luděk (referee)
Allomaternal care is one of the most interesting types of cooperation among females. Its most extreme form is allonursing, nursing of a non-filial young, which is still not completely understood, even though many hypotheses have been postulated. This type of cooperation among giraffes had not been expected for long time. This was based on the initial opinion that giraffes do not have social system and form only weak social bonds. However, my bachelor and master theses showed high occurrence of allonursing in captive giraffes.
The first aim (1) of this thesis was to test all possible hypotheses explaining allonursing in captive giraffes. However, a lot of the information needed to test them were missing, which resulted in the formulation of further aims. The second aim (2) was to test the hierarchy in captive giraffes. The third aim (3) was to describe the growth and weight of captive giraffes. The fourth aim (4) was to compare nursing patterns in the zoo and in the nature reserve Bandia, Senegal and the last aim (5) was to test the social bonds among giraffes in the nature reserve Bandia, Senegal.
(1) From 2007 to 2011, the nursing behaviour of 24 females and 37 calves was observed. Eighty-three percent of the females allonursed a nonfilial calf and 86.5% of calves allosuckled from a nonmaternal female. Allonursing in giraffes was explained by milk-theft from the point of view of the calves and possible reciprocity among females. (2) The agonistic interactions of 31 giraffes were recorded in four herds. A linear hierarchy was been found among giraffes and rank was significantly affected by age and time spent in the herd. (3) The weight data from 43 giraffes in Prague zoo were collected from 2009 to 2013 and provided the basic information about giraffe growth and weight. (4) I also observed the nursing behaviour of seven and four female-calf pairs in the fenced Bandia reserve, Senegal, and in Prague zoo, respectively, both for 22 days. The differences in nursing patterns were likely to reflect anti-predator behaviour, the population density of animals and the distribution of food resources. (5) Finally, I investigated the social preferences of 28 introduced giraffes in semi-captivity in the nature reserve Bandia, Senegal and provided the results supporting the existence of a fission fusion social system among giraffes with social preferences among adult females.
The overall results provide unique findings on allonursing in general as well as changing our perspective on giraffe social behaviour.
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Social behavior of canids
Kocurová, Kamila ; Čapková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Lněničková, Jana (referee)
The interest in canids ethology was the main reason for focusing this thesis on sociality of these carnivores. First part of this thesis is focused on terms such as sociality, territoriality and various types of communication. It discusses reasons, which could lead to the creation of canid social organizations as we know it today. It shows the benefits of sociality, which include defense of territories, cooperative hunting, or the defense against other predators, and costs resulting from sociality, which is an increased competition for resources between group members. This part also discusses the types of social organizations and their variability for each species. Chapter focused on communication discusses different types of communication, vocalization, visual and olfactory communication.
Second part describes social behavior of several selected species, and the Wolf (Canis lupus) sociality is described in great detail.
This thesis is written as literary research and summarizes often differing opinions of various authors and provides a review of theories on sociality of these animals. The aim of this thesis is to create a complete summary of these theories. It can also serve as a theoretical basis for related work.
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