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Effects of allopregnanolon on motor functions of young laboratory rat.
Krejčí, Lukáš ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor) ; Valeš, Karel (referee)
Allopregnanolone is a typical representative of neurosteroids. It can be formed by de novo synthesis directly in the CNS or as a metabolite of progesterone. It is an allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors, due to which it has anxiolytic, sedative and anticonvulsant effects. This work investigates the effect of allopregnanolone (ALLO) on the locomotor skills of laboratory rat pups. The results will serve as a reference study for the work of Tereza Košťálová (2020), who investigated the newly discovered neuroactive steroid pregnanolone pyroglutamate (PPG). This exogenous steroid, synthesized at the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IOCB PRAGUE), offers potential use in the treatment of epilepsy. Our goal was to perform the same battery of motor tests after the application of allopregnanolone as a comparison, to what extent and in what way these two substances acutely affect the motor performance of the rat pup. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the physiological mechanisms of neurosteroids in the human body and their potential in the treatment of serious diseases, especially epilepsy. Next, the ontogenetic development of the rat's motor skills is described and compared to humans. The methodology describes the selection and...
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Education of parents of a child with epilepsy
MIKEŠOVÁ, Barbora
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterised by serious brain illness that causes unprovoked, repeating seizures. The seizure is characterised as excessive and abnormal electric activity in an individual s brain. Epilepsy is caused by various factors, among them for example genetic factors, birth defects, traumatic brain injuries, surgery, undertaken stress, infection or other illnesses and it can appear at any age. Seizures manifestation can vary in type, development, cause and treatment. A suitably indicated treatment and appropriately educated parents about epilepsy issues and lifestyle measures are the basis for an optimal child s participation in a common group without major restrictions. The aim of this thesis was to find out how the medical personnel is devoted to education of parents and a child with epilepsy diagnosis and in the same time to find out the extent of parents knowledge of suitable treatment and lifestyle measures related to this diagnosis. For the research construct, qualitative research was selected, using a half-structured interview, particularly an interviewing method. In the frame of better quality of result processing, the interviews were recorded on a dictaphone and then re-written exactly and analysed. The results were analysed through a pencil and paper method that uses coding. There were 5 fields categorised: Content of education from the side of medical personnel, Implementation of education from the side of medical personnel, Parents knowledge about lifestyle measures, Sources of information concerning lifestyle measures from the side of parents with a child with epilepsy and educational activities from the point of view of children nurses concerning lifestyle measures. The individual categories are formed by further sub-categories, in which the resulting data are represented systematically. The results are provided in a clear way in individual tables and charts of the practical part of this thesis. From the research emerged that the medical personnel is devoted significantly to parents education and their children with epilepsy in the field of diagnosis, treatment, lifestyle and first aid. However, it was interesting to discover that this education is provided mostly by a doctor, lifestyle measures including, while a nurse provides only additional education in this field. From the results also emerged that the medical personnel try to select suitable educational environment and time intervals according to needs of children as patients and their parents. The parents also have general information about the epilepsy issue and lifestyle measures. It turned out that the parents have enough information concerning medicamentous first aid and the way of given medicaments delivery, but we encounter unfamiliarity of a time border of this medicament's delivery. Parent's ignorance was also discovered in general first aid principles. From the research also emerged that the information about common issues in the field of lifestyle measures was looked for by the parents most frequently outside the hospital environment, that is in the surroundings and on the internet. We decided to form an educational plan based on the results, that can be used as a model base for practical usage by nursing personnel. The educational plan concerns the education about lifestyle measures and first aid during a seizure.
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Children febrile convulsions in pre-hospital care
SLAVĚTÍNSKÁ, Sára
The bachelor's thesis deals with the children febrile convulsions in pre-hospital emergency care. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the matters of childhood, its specifics and division. It also focuses on the clinical picture, complications, prevention and treatment of febrile convulsions in children in prehospital emergency care. There were two goals set in the practical part. The first goal was to map and compare the procedure of paramedics in febrile convulsions in children in the emergency ambulance crew of the South Bohemian Region and the Vysocina Region. The second goal was to map the knowledge of paramedics in febrile convulsions in children in the emergency ambulance crew of the South Bohemian Region and the Vysocina Region. Two research questions were also identified: How are paramedics in the emergency ambulance crew of the South Bohemian Region and Vysocina providing pre-hospital care to children with febrile convulsions and what is the knowledge of paramedics about febrile convulsions in children? To obtain the necessary data, the method of qualitative research was used through the semi-structured interviews with 10 paramedics of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region at the regional center in Ceske Budejovice and Medical Rescue Services of the Vysocina Region in Trebic. Respondents were answering sets of 16 questions and the outcome was categorized into 13 categories, which succeeded in meeting both goals and at the same time answered both research questions.The research found that the interviewed paramedics do have sufficient knowledge about the causes of febrile convulsions and what their basic therapy is. Unfortunately, they don't know a division of children age well enough. All respondents agreed that they were afraid of the diagnosis of Febrile convulsions precisely because of the pediatric patients and that the knowledge in the field of pediatrics is not their strongside. There was no significant difference between the two regions in the answers concerning the procedures of febrile convulsions in children in pre-hospital emergency care.
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Therapy of epilepsy in dogs and cats
Šenková, Monika ; Vokřál, Ivan (advisor) ; Lecová, Lenka (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Monika Šenková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ivan Vokřál, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Therapy of epilepsy in dogs and cats Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting dogs and cats. This chronic disorder is manifested by recurrent epileptic seizures. The true prevalence of epilepsy in dogs and cats is unknown. It is estimated to be 0,6-0,75 % in general dog population, and 1-2 % in hospitalized dog population. There is no known estimate for general cat population, but it is estimated to be 0,5-3,5 % in hospitalized cat population. Genetic predisposition has been proved in several dog breeds, and in some breeds, it is assumed. Diagnostics of epilepsy could be often difficult, and it reflects only the symptoms described by the pet owner, therefore the close cooperation between the pet owner and the veterinarian is needed. The aims of the treatment are to decrease seizure frequency, duration, severity, and the total number of epileptic seizures that occurs with none or at least minimal adverse effects, to maximize the dog's and owner's quality of life. Currently, there is no guideline for choice of treatment and a final decision should be made on a case-by-case basis. Monotherapy is preferred...
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Unsupervised Deep Learning Approach for Seizure Onset Zone localization in Epilepsy
Přidalová, Tereza ; Cimbálník, Jan (referee) ; Mehnen, Lars (advisor)
Epilepsy affects about 50 million people worldwide, with one-third of patients being drugresistant and therefore candidates for an invasive brain resection surgery. Brain resection surgery candidates undergo invasive intracranial encephalography (iEEG) monitoring to determine the seizure onset zone (SOZ). Recorded data can span over weeks and need to be manually reviewed by a physician to assess SOZ. This process can be time-consuming and burdensome due to the vast amount of collected data. This work investigates utilisation of an deep autoencoder for unsupervised data exploration and specifically its ability to discriminate between SOZ and non-SOZ (NSOZ) iEEG channels. The data used in this thesis consists of iEEG collected from 33 patients in two institutes (Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA and St. Anne´s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic - FNUSA) who underwent invasive presurgical monitoring. The autoencoder’s capability to discriminate between SOZ and NSOZ was evaluated using a self-learned embedded feature space representation of the autoencoder network. Autoencoder features were compared to previously established biomarkers for SOZ determination. Discrimination capability was evaluated for both autoencoder features and biomarkers using a Naive Bayes classifier and leave-one-out cross-validation. The achieved area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.68 for the FNUSA and 0.56 for the Mayo dataset. Performance in discriminating between SOZ and NSOZ electrodes was not significantly different between the investigated autoencoder features and previously established biomarkers. Selecting the better performing classifier for each patient increased the AUROC to 0.75 and 0.64 for the FNUSA and Mayo dataset, respectively. The results suggest that future approaches combining biomarkers and self-learning methods have a potential to improve the SOZ vs NSOZ discrimination capability of unsupervised iEEG exploration systems, and thus to enhance the surgical management of epilepsy.
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Real-Time Processing of Intracranial EEG Signals
Begáň, Patrik ; Malik, Aamir Saeed (referee) ; Černocký, Jan (advisor)
V této práci jsme navrhli a implementovali nástroj, který je schopen zpracovávat intrakraniální EEG signály v reálném čase. To se provádí aplikací funkcí pro výpočet různých iEEG biomarkerů implementovaných v python knihovně Epycom na příchozí datový tok a uložením výsledků do databáze. Porovnali jsme výsledky vypočítané naším nástrojem s offline výpočty a vyhodnotili, zda je zpracování signálu v reálném čase vhodné pro klinickou praxi.
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Functional and structural connectivity of human neocortex in epileptosurgery
Šulc, Vlastimil ; Hořínek, Daniel (advisor) ; Doležalová, Irena (referee) ; Tintěra, Jaroslav (referee)
1 ABSTRACT The presented dissertation deals with prognostic factors influencing a favorable postoperative outcome in patients undergoing surgical treatment of epilepsy and the possibilities of improving the methods used in the localization of epileptogenic lesions. This work is based on the results of four published studies. The first study evaluated the factors influencing the long-term outcomes of epilepsy surgery in MRI-negative (nonlesional) extratemporal lobe epilepsy (nETLE). The aim of the study was to evaluate the benefit of non-invasive diagnostic tests and their relationship with a favorable surgical outcome in a group nETLE patients. Univariate analysis showed that localized interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) on the scalp EEG were associated with a favorable surgical outcome. Diagnostic difficulty in this group of patients is highlighted by the fact that, although 9 of 24 patients undergoing surgery had a favorable outcome, and only nine of 85 patients with nETLE achieved such a favorable outcome. The second work evaluated the benefit of SPECT (Single Photon Emission Tomography) statistical processing over traditional subtraction methods in patients with MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy (nTLE) and MRI-negative extratemporal epilepsy (nETLE). 49 consecutive patients who underwent...
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