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Věková struktura obyvatel podle dat sčítání lidu
Český statistický úřad
K základním výstupům ze sčítání lidu patří zjištění věkové struktury obyvatelstva. Ta je výsledkem dlouhodobého demografického vývoje, změn v úrovni porodnosti, úmrtnosti a zahraniční migrace. Hlavním činitelem ovlivňujícím věkovou strukturu populace České republiky byla měnící se intenzita porodnosti v průběhu 20. století, která spolu s trvalým zlepšováním úmrtnostních poměrů vyústila v tzv. stárnutí populace.
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Changes in the age structure of the population of the Czech Republic and their possible consequences
Holečková, Kristýna ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Cséfalvaiová, Kornélia (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on major demographic changes in behaviour among the population of the Czech Republic between 1989 and 2014. Currently, population ageing represents a global problem connected with many causes and consequences - economic, social or political. The thesis concentrates specifically on three areas. One of them is the labour market, which is frequently associated with concerns about labour shortage and labour market discrimination. Further, it engages with the system of social policy, namely nursing services and homes for the elderly and constantly increasing costs of health care. The thesis aims at a detailed discription of areas connected with the changes in the age structure and make a suggestion of possible measures to face the effects of demographic ageing with regard to future development. A substantial part focuses at the development of selected demographic indicators and population projection.
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Labour market, employment and unemployment in the Czech Republic from the perspective of demographic trends
Petýrková, Iva ; Miskolczi, Martina (advisor) ; Šimpach, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is primarily to analyse the size and structure of population in the productive age in 2010-2050. The potential labour force consists of people aged between 20 and 64 years. However, this age is specified later on regarding the increasing number of tertiary educated population and also the shift of the retirement age. Among the main findings is the extension of school years up to 15 years in 2050. The retirement age is considered due to the current pension system for men and women with two children separately. Both cases can be expected to suffer a significant drop of the productive population caused by the population ageing. Moreover, the thesis defines other impacts of population ageing on the labour market in the Czech Republic and summarizes the possible labour market interventions. For example, one of these interventions can be promotion of flexible forms of employment which could achieve economic inactivity decrease. Especially women could benefit from this one. The main data source of this thesis is the Population projection of the Czech Republic to 2100 by the Czech Statistical Office.
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The impact of population ageing on the need for social care service in Vsetín district to 2030
Fojtů, Sára ; Antovová, Michaela (advisor) ; Dotlačilová, Petra (referee)
Europe's population is aging and this fact is reflected in the need to adapt the structure of social services in Europe, the Czech Republic and the regions. This thesis considers the need for social care services for seniors in district Vsetín due to population aging. Special attention is given to persons suffering from Alzheimer's disease or another type of dementia, since the occurence of these diseases increases with age. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the current situation in the region and based on the data and population projections estimate the need for social care services in the future. District Vsetín has a higher proportion of seniors than most of the Czech Republic, which places bigger demands on the range of social care services for the elderly, and into the future, we expect a further increase in these claims.
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The influence of demographic changes on marketing in the Czech Republic
Kašpar, Jan ; Pešek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Palíšková, Marcela (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is focused on the influence of demographic changes on marketing. The thesis characterizes and describes the changes, but there is also an emphasis on the marketing view of the changes that occur in Czech society. Demographic trends are affected by total population, population ageing, migration and other factors. The most significant change in the Czech Republic is the population ageing, on which this thesis is primarily focused because it affects daily life of everyone. Population ageing leads to changes in age structure of all developed countries including the Czech Republic. The increasing number of seniors will have a huge impact on the economy, the lifestyle and the social status of this part of the population. Every demographic change leads to new marketing opportunities, which is the subject of this bachelor thesis.
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Odlišnosti důchodových systémů zemí EU
Krejčí, Jan ; Bič, Josef (advisor) ; Němcová, Ingeborg (referee)
This thesis focuses on the issue of European pension systems from a standpoint of their structure and sustainability in view of ageing of the population. The structure of systems is examined through pension models which embody combinations of financing (pay-as-you-go or capital funded) and pension calculation (defined contribution or defined benefit). The main object is to reveal how much are the European pension systems threatened by ageing of the population and sort them out according to this discovery. The risk rate is calculated as a ratio of the difference between expense rate on public pension pillars in 2012 and 2060 to the difference between dependency ratio in the same interval. The final figure shows the percentage of relative expenses per capita in 2060 compared to the base year of 2012. The main object is carried out by dividing the studied states into three groups. According to thesis' results, the most endangered state is Poland with a value of 28 % while the least endangered state is Luxembourg with a value of 110 % or relative expenses per capita compared to the base year of 2012.
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The social and demographic development of municipalities in the administrative district of České Budějovice
FIKTUSOVÁ, Martina
This bachelor thesis discusses the demographic and social development of municipa-lities in the administrative district of České Budějovice in the period between the fall of the socialist regime and the present day (1989-2014). It mainly focuses on the differen-ces in the development of population, changes in population increase both natural and caused by immigration, advances in education of the population, differences in the age-ing of the residents of individual municipalities in the district, depending on the changes and new trends in the society which came after the fall of communism. The conclusion of this work then pinpoints those municipalities, or groups of municipalities, which have experienced marked demographic or social changes. The theoretical part is focused on introducing the characteristics of the district, the development of individual demographic indicators and the changes in the field of edu-cation and industry in the district of České Budějovice as a whole. The thesis also includes cartograms, which serve to compare the development of de-mographic indicators in specific decades, as well as in the whole period of monitoring the individual cadastral areas. Also included are graphs showing the development of these demographic indicators in municipalities, sorted according to their size groups and also according to the individual categories of municipalities.
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Impact of the economic crisis on unemployment in terms of sex, age and education in Czech Republic
Beranová, Jana ; Miskolczi, Martina (advisor) ; Průša, Ladislav (referee)
The objective of diploma thesis is to define specific groups of population, defined by sex, age or education, which are represented disproportionately in comparison of whole population of Czech Republic. In the thesis is described the population structure in terms of demography and economy, as well as factors which influence the labor market from short-term and long-term point of view. To achieve all marked out objectives is made explanatory statistics for unemployment of specified groups of population and the index analysis that allows to examine the inter-annual development of unemployment rate in terms of age, sex and education. Based on the index analysis are defined critical groups, which are evaluated by proportionality among unemployed persons. The analysis showed that critical groups are considered young people with lower level of education and women with high school education or women 30-39 years old.
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Ekonomické dopady stárnutí populace na makroekonomické agregáty
Orlická, Eliška ; Rotschedl, Jiří (advisor) ; Janíčko, Martin (referee)
This thesis examines the effect of population ageing on macroeconomic aggregates. The author´s objective is to verify, whether there exists any relationship of the population ageing factors and the GDP growth rate, social expenditures growth rate and the consumption growth rate. Econometric models are based on theoretical specifications of Faruqee´s life-cycle model and Prettner´s R&D model with overlapping generations. The degree of economic development is also taken into account. Furthermore, the author modified the R&D model by incorporation of the poverty indicator and its application on available datasets. The research is focused on five European countries in 1995 - 2013. The Ordinary Least Squares method is used to gain estimated results in regression analyses. The author managed to prove an existing relationship between the old age dependency ratio and the social expenditures in all countries except Switzerland. The impact of the population ageing factor on the consumption growth rate turned out to be significant in all of those countries. Substantial fluctuations are shown only in Bulgaria and in the Czech Republic. The GDP growth rate seems to be influenced by ageing factor in the Czech Republic and in the Ukraine alone. The research has also shown that developing countries respond more dramatically to changes in the population structure distribution, while the poverty indicator plays an important role only in the Ukraine.
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The Prognosis of the Development of Expenditures on Funding of the Long-Term Care in the Context of Demographic Changes of the Czech Republic
Mudra, Martin ; Chytil, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to quantify future public costs of providing long-term care services in the environment of population ageing of the Czech Republic until the year 2060. The methodology of this thesis is based on a macrosimulation model of European Commision (EC, 2012), but better data were used. The results of this thesis confirm the hypothesis, that population ageing will have significant impact on future public long-term care costs. The demografic effect causes an increse of these expenditures as a share of GDP from 0, 69 % in 2012 to 2, 02 % until the year 2060. The rate of this increase could be partially compensated by the improvement of the health status of population according to the theories of compression of morbidity (Fries, 1980) and the dynamic equilibrium theory by Manton (1982).
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