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The Dynamics of Naturalization Process in Latvia and Estonia in the years 1995 - 2005
Márová, Tereza ; Švec, Luboš (advisor) ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (referee)
The restoration of independence of the three Baltic States occurred in 1991. However the previous period of Soviet occupation brought dire, and to a large extent, permanent changes in the ethnic composition of the population. The changes were the primary reason why both countries had fairly restrictive conditions in the revival of civil status - citizenship was given to pre-war citizens and their direct descendants. This thesis by comparative analysis tries to find out the main differences and similarities in the dynamics of naturalization process in Latvia and Estonia. The dynamics will be analyzed from 1995 to 2005. Latvian naturalization process began in 1995. The year 2005 is characterized by a dramatic changes in preferences of non- citizens, which probably occurred after the accession to the European Union. The first part presents the important concepts of the work and presentment of the two countries at the beginning of the 1990s. Then the comparative analysis follows itself. Naturalization is analyzed according to the characters, which, I believe, had the most important influence on the dynamics of the process - Citizenship Act (and its amendments), Language Act, the accession of both countries to the EU and other economical reasons. Keywords The Soviet Union, Latvia, Estonia,...
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Cyber war for the Bronze soldier. Analysis of the computer attacks on Estonia in the spring of 2007
Plaček, Zdeněk ; Švec, Luboš (advisor) ; Vykoukal, Jiří (referee)
At the end of April 2007 a serious crisis between Estonia and the Russian Federation broke out in relation to the relocation of a war memorial from Tallinn city centre to the military cemetery on the outskirts of the city. Immediately after the displacement of The Bronze Soldier statue some rather unusual events happened whereby a number of web servers used by government offices, news portals and Estonian banks were attacked by anonymous hackers. The situation lasted for approximately three weeks and many people related to it as a type of cyber war. This work's ambition is, in the form of case study, to comprehend the incident in its historical, political and social aspects and on the bases of the lessons learned, to search for the answer to the question about how much the use of the term "cyber war" is justified in these circumstances. In the conclusion I incline to the opinion that the events were more likely just another manifestation of nationally oriented protests and disputes about history that were simply finding new space for their expression. Despite the many inconveniences that the failures of electronic services have caused to the people of Estonia, the use of war terminology in this case is rather exaggerated.
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Economic crisis 2008-2010 in Baltics
Nedvěd, Petr ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Kracík, Jiří (referee)
The main objective of the Bachelor's thesis is the description of causes, course and consequences of the economic crisis 2008-2010 in the Baltic countries. The biggest emphasis is placed on developments in the financial and real estate sector and the labour market. Attention is also focused on the vigorous solution of the crisis that is often given for exemplary action in the crisis period. The thesis also contains a brief description of the region's economic history and the development of the economic crisis 2008-2010 in the world. The main chapter focuses on the crisis development in the Baltics, including the basic causes of the economic downturn. The final chapters describe the current economic situation in the Baltics, bring a comparison with selected European countries and outline a short-term outlook for further development of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The contribution of this thesis is mainly that it shows a possible effective solution of economic problems. Especially the PIIGS countries, which are still in crisis and urgently need to restore their competitiveness and confidence of the financial markets, should pay attention to the example of the Baltic countries that managed to start high growth of their economies relatively soon after the deep slump.
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Mutual Reflexion of Baltic States in Their Social Life after Year 1991
Kaucká, Šárka ; Příhoda, Marek (advisor) ; Montvilaite-Sabaitiene, Geda (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the mutual reflection of contemporary Baltic countries. Based on the characteristics of the region like chapters from the historical development of the space, in which the Baltis states nowexist, and defining for our topic some specific cultural facts of countries, we find common and different features of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania and peoples, who inhabit it. Bachelor thesis on this scale similarities and differences indicates some of the mutual stereotypical ideas and automatic associations of Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians to the states in which they live and certain perceptions about each other and the Baltic mutuality. The bachalor thesis also touches orientation of states to other regions, or differences in the perception of proximity to other regions and nations.
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A comparative study: Electoral systems of the Baltic states
Čavojec, Jakub ; Lebeda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lacina, Tomáš (referee)
The goal of this thesis was to compare the effects of the electoral systems of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania on the outcome of elections and on the representation of political parties in the parliament. Described was also the evolution of the electoral systems of each country since gaining independence. It was determined that the Estonian electoral system produces the most proportional outcomes. The threshold between overrepresentation and underrepresentation of the political parties in the parliament was determined. The estonian party system was declared the most stable. By calculating the value of the natural thresholds, it was not possible to determine in which country do the political parties have an easier access to their first mandate.
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The Soviet Annexation and Occupation of Estonia
Svobodná, Šárka ; Švec, Luboš (advisor) ; Vykoukal, Jiří (referee)
SVOBODNÁ, Šárka. Sovětská anexe a okupace Estonska. Praha, 2011. 59 s. Bakalářská práce (Bc.) Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut mezinárodních studií. Vedoucí bakalářské práce Doc. PhDr. Luboš Švec, CSc. Abstract The thesis The Soviet Annexation and Occupation of Estonia discusses different understanding and explanations of events, which are connected with Estonian loss of sovereignty in 1940 and after. The thesis aims to show, how differently the two once "fraternised" nations may regard their common history and how a burden of different apprehension of history still influences their relations today. The thesis does not intend only to describe the events, but merely to point out the differences of interpretations in works already written, concerning backgrounds of their origin. The first part focuses on analysis of Soviet, Estonian, and contemporary Russian authors. The next part is dedicated to collective memory and to specificities of Estonian and Soviet/Russian interpretation of the events. In the Estonian case, idealisation of national heroes is emphasised, in the Soviet/Russian case is examined the way of its development. At the end a particular example of conflict between two interpretations is presented: clashes between Estonians and Estonian Russians because of meaning of the...
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People with undetermined citizenship - the case of Estonia
Brabcová, Olga ; Švec, Luboš (advisor) ; Litera, Bohuslav (referee)
Maters thesis People with undetermined citizenship the case of Estonia , describes the situation of the group of people who has no citizenship. The status of those people is described by chronological analysis of Estonian law and analysis of their socioeconomic position. They came to Estonia after the Second World War from different republics of USSR. When Estonian independence was renewed they had to adapt at new living conditions. Some of them are not successful. They did not get the automatic right to get Estonian citizenship. In Estonian law the main principal is the principal of state continuity. It means that immigrants have to naturalize. They have to pass the exam of the state language and fulfill the requirements concerning the permanent residence permit. Estonian law gives people with undetermined citizenship almost the same rights as to Estonian citizens the exceptions are active and passive right to vote to Parliament and the right to be elected to local councils. From 2006 there is even the advantage for them because they can travel to Russia without visa. They are not discriminated economically the problem is mostly in the indirect impact of division of Soviet time society. People with undetermined citizenship usually cannot speak well Estonian. It makes it difficult to find a good...
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Specifics of Compositional Thinking in Contemporary Estonian Music
Dřízal, Jan ; BARTOŇ, Hanuš (advisor) ; DUŠEK, Jan (referee)
Bachelor thesis Specifics compositional thinking in contemporary Estonian music
aims to cover the information gap in the field of Estonian cultural sites within the
Czech Republic, focusing on naming the general characteristics of the individual
compositional aesthetics last five decades. In the first section, the text focuses
on the cultural and historical aspects of Estonian territory, including linguistic,
ethnic and folklore specifics. The second section seeks to map the common
features of modern compositional thinking and seeks their origin in folk music, in
particular experiencing nature and religiosity. The third section contains
a detailed analysis in many respects a significant composition of Estonian Veljo
Tormis Raua needmine, which I try to substantiate its previous premises.
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Dôsledky zavedenia eura na ekonomiky Slovenska, Slovinska a Estónska
Kmeťová, Petra
The core of this bachelor thesis is an analysis of the euro introduction aftermath for the respective national economies, focusing on economic indicators such as GDP (gross domestic product) growth, unemployment rate, inflation, and BOP (balance of payments). The first part outlines the European integration development, the euro area membership criteria, and the benefits or drawbacks of monetary integration. The following section examines the post-socialist (post-communist) countries; it scans the process of transformation from a centrally-planned system to market economy, and presents the record of their economic growth. The practical part, utilising the macroeconomic indicators, contains the analysis of the development of the aforementioned economies after the introduction of the common currency, and these are subjected to further comparison based on the performance reports. The discussion provides findings and recommendations for the Czech Republic when entering the phase of the common currency introduction. This part also presents a comparison of impact on selected Central and Eastern European economies due to current financial crisis. The work presents explanatory charts and tables in order to facilitate general comprehension. The conclusion summarizes the findings of the work and offers adequate recommendations for the executive economic institutions.
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Healthy Life Years
Faltysová, Kateřina ; Vrabcová, Jana (advisor) ; Růžková, Jiřina (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to clarify the concept of Healthy Life Years. This concept is based on summary measures of population health which are able to quantify health. However, the main goal of the thesis is to discover which morbidity scenarios fit the selected countries. The thesis contains analysis of Life Expectancy and Healthy Life Years conducted by the time indexes for newborns and population aged 65 in the Czech Republic. The results of this fit the morbidity compression theory. This analysis is also done for Estonia and Luxemburg, which are representing the best and the worst countries in 28 countries of European Union in Healthy Life Years. Both of these countries fit to the morbidity expansion theory. Moreover, these countries are compared by Better Life Index, which is initiated by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, which determines that health of the population is influenced by more dimensions of life.
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