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Euthanasia and the Criminal law
Trnka, Pavel ; Vokoun, Rudolf (advisor) ; Herczeg, Jiří (referee)
1 Abstract Euthanasia is a highly controversial issue that is becoming an increasingly hot topic almost all over the world. Etymologically, the word "euthanasia" has its origins in the Greek word "euthanatos", meaning "good death" (from eu- "good, pleasant" + thanatos "death"). Later, however, in the wake of an interpretative shift, euthanasia generally came to be used, alongside its meaning of good death (merciful, good, beautiful, easy death), as the term of choice in connection with killing out of pity or compassion. Although, in my thesis, I discuss the subject of "good death" primarily from the perspective of criminal law in force in this country, the issue of euthanasia is very broad and encompasses not only criminal law or law in general, but also extends into a wide range of social fields. For this reason, in my thesis I also touch on euthanasia's relationship with medicine and religion, abuse of the concept of euthanasia and, not least, on legislation in other countries. The brief introduction to the thesis centres on an explanation of my motivation for choosing this subject and outlines what I will discuss in more detail in the main body of text. The initial chapter initially addresses how the concept of euthanasia has evolved and then discusses what forms it takes. Based on definitions put...
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Criminal recidivism
Vejběrová, Andrea ; Císařová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Šámal, Pavel (referee) ; Kalvodová, Věra (referee)
The submitted work, as follows from its title, is concerned with criminal recidivism, in the first part primarily from a criminological perspective, while the second part of the work then deals particularly with the perspective of criminal law. As there has been a tendency to neglect recidivism in the professional literature in recent years, this work attempts to provide an overall summary of the subject of criminal recidivism while endeavouring to mention the most important aspects that are closely related to recidivism. Consequently, the introductory part of the work is devoted to a general delimitation of criminal recidivism and its various forms. The work attempts to make a basic excursion into this subject area while simultaneously endeavouring to evaluate the effectiveness of the commonest approaches employed in connection with criminal recidivism, primarily in relation to the current legislation in this country and abroad. In the context of foreign legislation and especially of the application of life sentences in the most serious cases of recidivism in some countries (including the former legislation in the Czech Republic) as obligatory punishment, considerable space is devoted here to the "three strikes law", which is applied primarily in the U.S.A. and, recently, also by our Slovak...
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Insurance fraud
Vrtálek, Jan ; Herczeg, Jiří (advisor) ; Gřivna, Tomáš (referee)
12. Summary of Master's degree thesis in English Insurance fraud In my Master's degree thesis I was dealing with insurance fraud. Insurance fraud is no doubt as old as insurance itself and has been considered as part of the insurers trade risk. However, it has lately grown in importance until it has become at treat to the soundness of insurance markets. In the Czech republic, this situation has led to the adoption of legislative amendments in 1997, inserting a new section, § 250a , specifying insurance fraud, into the Criminal Code. Insurance fraud was one of the main topics of work section of insurance fraud in czech bureau of insurance. After that situation has changed. Bodies active in criminal proceedings started take this problem more seriously. People began to become aware of the seriousness of the problem. Especially how much it costs. In the beginning of my thesis I present motives to me to keep writing it and briefly describe the contents of individual chapters of the thesis. In the second part, I return to the circumstances in which the merits of the Act No. 140/1961 Coll., and briefly describe the changes as facts, which brought a new criminal code. The third part is focused on buildings criminal insurance fraud. In particular, describe in detail the various merits of individual buildings...
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Comparative analysis of Czech and French law dealing with crimes against public order and analysis of relevant legal terminology
ELLINGEROVÁ, Anna
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to compare Czech and French legislation of criminal offences against order in public affairs. On the basis of mentioned enumerations of criminal offences in this area are commented similarities and differences between these two legislations. Attention is also paid to the legal language, its vocabulary and translation. This work includes analysis of appropriate legal terms. The analysis is based on comparison with the meanings of terms in the Czech language with their equivalents in French. The result of the work is the ascertainment that the French concept of the selected legislation is significantly different from the Czech one in certain aspects. It is particularly the structure and classification of individual criminal offences, then also their material content and further terminology. This work can help with finding the appropriate translation of terms in the area of criminal offences against order in public affairs, because on the basis of searched and available information it can be concluded that this legislation has not yet been given more attention.
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Insurance fraud
Kabátová, Kateřina ; Moravec, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kostelanský, Ludvík (referee)
This bachelor thesis is about Insurance fraud and is therefore divided into three chapters. FIrst chapter is dedicated to property criminal acts in general. Two major problems this chapter deals with are: law explanation of property and facts of the case. Second chapter adresses to the insurance fraud. In the begining of this chapter is included the introduction to insurance fraud and after that in the last chapter there are more concrete informations about how this fraud is recognized, how it is investigated, by who and how can we prevent our society from dealing with such frauds.
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Selected economic crimes
Peterová, Lucie ; Žák, Květoslav (advisor) ; Spirit, Michal (referee)
The target of this thesis is to provide the information about the economic crime and to map the Czech legislation of chosen economic crimes. The first part deals with the concepts such as economic criminality, financial criminality and economic crimes. The second part is dedicated to the crime from the perspective of substantive law, clarifies some of the basic principles of Czech criminal law and analyses the merits of the offense in general terms. The third part is concerned with the characteristics of chosen economic crimes, gives examples from practice mediated by jurisprudence of the High Court and offers the basic statistic reviews of committed crimes from 2009 -- 2013.
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Property crime with the focus on theft
Staňková, Monika ; Moravec, Tomáš (advisor) ; Žák, Květoslav (referee)
According to the name, my bachelor's thesis analyses property crime focusing especially on theft. First, I describe property crimes (part V of the criminal code), their general characteristics, possible division and then there are mentioned another parts of the criminal code or another laws that have connection with property crimes. However, the most important aim of my thesis is to deal with theft (§ 205 of the criminal code). I am focusing on the concept of theft, its general characteristics and development stages. Afterwards, I am comparing the crime theft with theft as a minor offence. The last chapter of my bachelor's thesis describes all the crucial distinctions between crimes theft and robbery. The whole thesis is based on case law.
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Effective Repentance in Criminal Law
MOLZEROVÁ, Šárka
The topic of this diploma work is an effective repentance in criminal law. Effective repetance is one of the reasons for extinction of punishability .The goal of a lawgiver is to motivate offender to prevent or restify damaging consequence. The law provides exact conditiones for extintion of a crime. The begining of my diploma work is focused on a historical development of extinction of criminal laibility by effective repentance. In the next part of this work there are defined conditions of effective repetence general and effective repetence special. The final part of my diploma work is devoted to a comparation of effective repetance to some of the neighbour countries of the Czech Republic.
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Comparative analysis of Czech and French system of criminal sanctions and analysis of relevant French legal terminology
BRHELOVÁ, Soňa
The aim of this Bachelor thesis is to describe and compare the Czech and French system of criminal sanctions and then the analysis of appropriate legal French terminology. The thesis is divided into four big chapters whose first two are theoretical and the next two are practical. In the first two chapters the reader will be introduced into the criminal law in both countries and after that there will be enumerated the criminal sanctions in the Czech Republic and in France. The third and fourth chapters will compare both systems and sanctions and there will be an analysis of appropriate legal French terminology. The bilingual glossary is enclosed. The thesis concludes the résumé in French.
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Criminal Liability of Corporations in the Czech Republic and in the United Kingdom
Klíčová, Kateřina ; Moravec, Tomáš (advisor) ; Žák, Květoslav (referee)
The bachelor's thesis addresses criminal liability of corporations in the Czech Republic as well as in the United Kingdom. The main aim of this work is to define who legal person is, what criminal liability of corporations specifically means, how it came to existence and what effect it has on public. At the same time this thesis deals with types of criminal offences which legal person might commit and also types of sanctions for these criminal offences. But essential point is to compare these two legal models of criminal liability of corporations and point out the main differences.
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