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Prevention of the mother to child transmission of HIV infection with emphasis on brestfeeding
Gojdič, Matej ; Schneidrová, Dagmar (advisor)
The issue of transmission of HIV infection from mother to child is Currently, a high current . Testify statistical Data from WHO . By 2007 , the infected up to two and a half million children in the same year were added 420,000 new children's cases . The sad fact is, in particular , that the Already succumbed to AIDS 330,000 children and the death toll continues to increase steadily . One objective of my work was summarized by available knowledge of the possibilities of vertical transmission of HIV , with an emphasis on breastfeeding on the factors affecting the transmission and the degree of risk for the child . In addition, efforts trying sprehľadniť international , governmental and non-governmental organizations in the fight against transmission of HIV virus from mother to child placenta , parturition , no particular breastfeeding. A further object of the work is to identify the epidemiological situation in Czech Republic with respect to the vertical transmission of HIV infection , clarify the preventive actions applied to clinical practice reality on the Czech territory and optionally disclose their success . I hope the following will fill the lines sketched Metz and highlight on that page so appreciable and bulky issues , such HIV / AIDS .
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Prevention of cervical cancer
Berland, Ingvild ; Šafář, Petr (advisor)
I chose the theme of my diploma thesis, prevention of cervical cancer not based on my long-term interest in this subject, but after my clinical practise during 5th year of medicine. I was fortunate enough to be accepted to do parts of my practical training in a hospital in Molde, Norway. My consultant there was an experienced gynaecologist that thought me as much as possible in few weeks. In particular he thought me about cervical cancer and ways how it is possible to prevent it. I also saw many patients affected by the cancer and took part in prevention of some that might suffer from the cancer if they would not get this treatment. To see the outcome without sufficient prevention was sad, but also very inspiring, it was an excellent method of learning how important prevention can be and that the best way how to treat disease is in fact to find ways how to prevent it. Cervical cancer and its prevention programme is an excellent example of how medicine has succeeded and I hope that reading this diploma work will help the reader understand the degree of its value.
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Burnout among employees in direct care in a nursing home Mitrov
HARVÁNKOVÁ, Dana
This bachelor thesis deals with the problems of the burnout syndrome of the direct-care employees (nurses, caregivers) in the Home for elderly Mitrov. General awareness of this issue is surveyd by using a qualitative research. The thesis is divided into two parts theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part is focused on an overall description of the burnout syndrome, there also the "direct-care worker" term and his or her responsibilites are also defined. At the end of the thesis the Home for the elderly Mitrov, where the research had been done, is briefly introduced. The main part of the bachelor thesis is the empirical part. It includes research clarification, interviews elaboration and data evaluation. My aim was to focus on general awareness of this issue and how the respondents and the employer can prevent from this problem.
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Alcohol consumption and prevention of dependence in CR and France
Jandová, Petra ; Křížová, Eva (advisor)
Despite its social tolerance alcohol remains the drug of all consequences of harmful drinking . In developed European countries is cause 8-10 % of disease and injury. It brings the costs associated with health care and health insurance. Harmful effects of alcohol tend to pronounced in disadvantaged social groups , and therefore contribute to inequalities in health. However, direct injury to constitute a share any negative consequences. Alcohol consumption has a negative impact on economic development and society as a whole. For these reasons, the fight against harmful and hazardous consumption as a priority in public health programs many Member States and the EU as a whole. Czech Republic and France represent two completely different sociocultural environment. Residents have different eating habits, different lifestyles and different degree of tolerance to consume alcoholic beverages. They differ in the extent of individual consequences of harmful use and, therefore, procedures and objectives alcohol policy. Based on the statistical data on consumption , consequences and prevention measures can assess the gravity of the situation in both countries and compare problems of excessive consumption of health and socio-economic viewpoint. In this thesis , I used the large Czech and world database especially...
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Turnover of nurses in the intensive care unit
Doležalová, Lucie ; Marková, Eva (referee) ; Prošková, Eva (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to determine the causes of turnover of nurses and executives view to map of turnover and its possible solutions. The work also includes an overview of turnover of nurses in selected departments of the Central Military Hospital (UVN) in the period 2005 - 2009. The theoretical part deals with the very concept of fluctuation and is dedicated to its causes, prevention, and its aftermath, which is dealing with the syndrome. Work covers not only demotivating factors, but also analyzes the concept of motivation still evolving role of nurses and public perception. In the introduction to the practical part, which I sought to meet the objectives of the work I've already mentioned survey indicated fluctuations in selected departments of the Central Military Hospital in the period 2005 - 2009. I verified the hypothesis through a questionnaire and guided interviews with managers in the workplace also the Central Military Hospital. The results are summarized in the discussion and conclusion.
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Breast cancer prevention
Shafafi, Pouyan ; Šafář, Petr (advisor)
Risk factors for breast cancer are an important tool in providing clues to pathogenesis and identifying patients likely to benefit from surveillance and risk reduction interventions. Although breast cancer can develop in both sexes, women are at greatly increased risk and breast cancer in males is uncommon. Age is a useful risk factor applied everyday in clinical practice; breast cancer is rare in women younger than 30 and very common in women older than 60. Family history is most significant when breast cancer affects young first-degree relatives (mothers, sisters, and daughters) and when cases of ovarian cancer are found within the same side of the family. Histologic risk factors most concerning are ADH (acute ductal hyperplasia), ALH (atypical lobar hyperplasia), and LCIS (Lobar carcinoma in situ).
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The Belgian French speaking literature and its Czech receipt
Pytlová, Kateřina ; Jamek, Václav (referee) ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (advisor)
The aim of this thesis was to formulate the theoretical grounds of the conception of the French written Belgian literature. First of all its historical evolution and the periods of its delimitation from the French literature was sketched. Further the French written Belgian literature was used as a model example of minority literature phenomenon: the concept minority is used, in this context, to describe a literary unit whose function is made more difficult according to its dependence to the French literary centre. The phases of the Belgian literature vary by their approach to the literary centre and the degree of their ability of independence. The final part of thesis is engaged in the common strategies of reception related to the Belgian literature. The example of the Czech reception of the French written Belgian literature is represented by the summary of the four different types of poetic anthologies edited in the course of the 20th century.
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A study of the state of public opinion on the origin of anthropogenic climate change in selected groups
Horáková, Zuzana ; Syrovátka, Oldřich (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this Bachelor's thesis is to determine a degree of an importance, which the students of the FM VŠE as the future managers set down to a human influence in the changes of climate. I'm desribing both possible causes and effects of the changes of climate and abreast with it I mention some suitable preventive arrangements. I have analysed opinions of two groups of students in my thesis; which position about the human influce in this issue they assume; what is the source of their knowledge of the climate changes and how the opinions of these two groups differ from each other.
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Ecology and Law
Frommová, Eva ; Spirit, Michal (advisor) ; Očenáš, Pavol (referee)
The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the relation between ecology and law. The thesis is composed of five chapters. Chapter One is introductory and defines the term ecology. Chapter Two focuses on law and its role in ecology. Chapter Three explains the importance of principles as the unifying elements of legal regulation. Chapter Four investigates the chosen principles of law intrinsic to environmental protection. Chapter Five describes the practical apllication of the Integrated Prevention and Pollution Control approach and endeavours for evaluation of its contribution to environmental protection.
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Genocide in international law
Hokr, Lukáš ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Faix, Martin (referee)
1 Abstract Genocide belongs to the category of crimes under international law. Crime under international law means the act of a natural person acting in an official capacity or with the consent of the State and whose conduct violates important norms of mandatory law. A perpetrator committing the offence has the individual criminal responsibility which follows directly from international law. The term genocide was first used by Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin in 1944. Lemkin's idea of genocide as a crime against international law was widely accepted by the international community and was used as one of the bases of the Nuremberg process. Genocide has not been since the beginning of the traditional division of crimes under international law listed as a separate crime. The criminal act was regarded as a part of other crimes under international law, especially crimes against humanity. Genocide acquired autonomous status as a separate crime under international law only after the 2nd World War in 1948, when the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was adopted. The Genocide Convention of 1948 and the corresponding rule of customary international law require both the objective and subjective elements to meet so as to incur individual criminal responsibility for the crime of...
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