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The importance of mycorrhizal fungi in the root decomposition.
Haiclová, Klára ; Kohout, Petr (advisor) ; Kolaříková, Zuzana (referee)
Mycorrhizal fungi are known as symbionts of many plant species. Fungi provide better access to mineral nutrients and water for host plants, and in return fungi receive carbohydrates from plants. Although a significant proportion of organic matter is bound in the root biomass, little is known about the factors affecting root decomposition. Understanding the process of root decomposition and the factors that affect it, is important to us. Knowledge of root decomposition helps us understand the carbon cycle and answer questions about carbon sequestration in soil. This Bachelor's thesis is focused on the importance and function of mycorrhizal fungi during root decomposition. It describes the influence of mycorrhizal fungi on the decomposition of fine roots colonized by mycorrhizae, the ability of mycorrhizal fungi to decompose organic matter and influence the decomposition rate through competition with saprotrophic organisms. Keywords: mycorrhizal fungi, roots, decomposition, rate, organic matter, soil, importance, carbon sequestration
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Selected hydropedological parameters as indicators of soil quality
Schneiderová, Šárka ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
When it comes to agriculture’s soil, the near surface layer is one of the most important layers for proper planting and their growth. It is the place where root system absorbs water and necessary nutrient are found here in the soil organic matter form. We can measure the near surface soil quality using indicators, such as physical and hydro-physical properties or soil organic matter content. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis is focused on measuring those properties of soil, where the practical part’s objective is judging the effect of agrotechnology, based on the properties described in Czech and foreign literature. Those properties will be determined by using standard laboratory methods testing intact soil cores and grabbed soil samples. Those cores and samples were collected 4 times in total during vegetation period in 2016 in Šardičky (Vyškov district).
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Biotic interaction and their role in organic matter turnover in soil
Radochová, Petra ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Smrž, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis brings overview of main taxa of soil organisms. It describes in detail their trophic and non trophic interactions that contribute to organic matter decomposition in soil. In particular soil food web and behavior of fungal and bacterial channel of food web is described in relation to organic matter decomposition, soil formation and humus formation. This work contains also experimental work sealing with interaction of soil microscopic fungi and invertebrates. Food preference and suitability for development of three fungal species growing on three different litter types was studied. Litter was more important for food preference and food suitability. There were disproportion between litter suitability and litter preference. In particular oak was not preferred by adults but very suitable for development.
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Comparison of organic carbon stocks in soils with different land use
Rašková, Renáta ; Borůvka, Luboš (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to determine and compare the carbon stocks in selected locations.
Three localities were selected in Vyškov region. In each locality four types of soil according to their use were examined - forest, arable land, grass land and urban soil. From each type of soil four samples were taken which were located 10 meters from each other. Samples were taken by soil auger from 0 to 40 cm depth in November 2015. All samples were dried, ground and sieved. Consequently humus content was determined in samples by the Tyurin method. From these results content and stocks of organic carbon were calculated in each locality and each type of land use and all results were compared with each other.
Contribution of this thesis was to confirm or disprove hypothesis and to provide helpful information on Vyškov region.
Hypothesis: The stock of carbon in forest soil is higher than in arable land. The stock of carbon in arable land is higher than in urban soils.
The highest content of SOC was in forest soils and the highest stock of organic carbon was in arable land. Results show that the stock of carbon in soil is affected by land use and also by the way of management.
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Stability of humic substances
Nováková, Šárka ; Smilková, Marcela (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis is focused on the study of stability of humic acid. Thesis is divided in two parts, the first part is theoretical. In the theoretical part is dealing with the structure, property and point of humic acid and in the experimental part is dealing with stability of humic acid. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the effect of the extraction agents on stability of humic acid. 1M HCl, 1M MgCl2 and MiliQ water was used like extraction agents. Thermo-oxidative stability was tested trough thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Changes of humic acid that occured after extraction were investigated by FT-IR spektrometry and elementary analysis. The results of the measuring were compared with original humic acid.
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Phosphorus forms in river sediments
Schrimpelová, Kateřina ; Hrich, Karel (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Two main mechanism of immobilization of phosphorus in sediments are formation of insoluble phosphates of Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, and sorption. Phosphorus can be also immobilized as organic phosphorus contained in the biomass. This thesis is focused on searching of relationships between total, organic and inorganic phosphorus and iron, calcium and organic matter content in fluvial sediments. Within the framework of this thesis, samples of sediments have been collected and analyzed. The measured values have been filled by the data measured at the Institute of Chemistry in the years 2011-2012. Total number of samples is 48. Data have been statistically analyzed by Student’s t-test at the = 0,05 and = 0,01 levels of significance. The relationships between total phosphorus and iron and organic matter have been proven. Also the relationship between organic phosphorus and organic matter content has been proven and surprisingly the correlation with iron, too. The inorganic phosphorus indicated significant relationship with iron, but no significant relationship with the calcium content. At last there has been proven the correlation between inorganic phosphorus and the organic matter content.
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Stanovení in vitro stravitelnosti organické hmoty kukuřičné siláže pepsin-celulázovou metodou
Konupčíková, Lenka
The aim of my thesis was to determine at selected maize silage in vitro digestibility of organic matter by using pepsin cellulase method. Rated corn silage derived from two habitats. The first habitat was Senice in Hané and the second Záblatí. These silages were compared with samples from Žabčice municipality. A statistically significant difference was proven in the digestibility of organic matter in different habitats. Highest organic matter digestibility in corn silage was from Záblatí. Corn silage from Žabčice municipality had the lowest digestibility of organic matter. Among the evaluated habitat was a statistically significant difference in the content of individual nutrients. The fat content was greatest for corn silage from Senice in Hané. The station in Záblatí was measured volume of fiber, ADF, NDF and BNLV . The use of silage additives had no statistically significant effect on organic matter digestibility of corn silage or the content of individual nutrients . Effect of frozen corn silage on nutrient content was statistically significant. Frozen corn silage had a high dry matter content (over 40 %) and high level of fiber, ADF and NDF silage than unfrozen one. The silage contained 112 600 KJ / g mold.
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Kvalita humusu půd vybrané části Českomoravské vrchoviny
Pinteš, Lukáš
This bachelor thesis is focused on humus quality. They were samples taken from a chosen part of Českomoravská vrchovina, specifically from the Velkomeziříčský bioregion (16 locations). The samples were taken from Nové Město na Moravě and also northerly of the motorway D1 between Jihalva and Velké Meziříčí. The quality of humus was determined by the method Kononová-Bělčikova, which is based on fractionation of two, for humus typical substances, humic and fulvic acid. The thesis briefly introduces the soils as a whole and the causes of its origin. Furthermore, the work is focused on the organic fraction and its origin, meaning, composition and quality determination of humus. There are also characteristics of the area of interest, accompanied with some maps, processing soils samples, its evaluation and comparison of results with the neighbouring locations and literature.
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