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Disc Herniation in the Lumbar Spine and Selected Options in Therapy
Stránská, Lenka ; Honců, Pavla (advisor) ; Nováková, Eva (referee)
Up to 80 % of the population has low back pain during their lives. Possible causes include degenerative changes in the lumbar spine affecting adjacent vertebrae with end plates, intervertebral joints with articular capsule, fibrous apparatus and intervertebral discs. Due to biomechanical influences they are able to prolapse dorsally into the spinal canal and cause a compression of nervous structures. The compression of the nerve root doesn't manifest clinically only pain in the lower back but also by the radicular syndrome. The work deals with options in therapy of patients with disc herniation. It presents general principles of indicating strategies of conservative and neurosurgical treatment and different methods of both therapies. The McKenzie methodical technique, including the diagnosis and treatment of syndromes due to prolapse disc from the conservative therapy is described in detail. The Chapter "Therapy Mckenzie" introduces the mechanical principle that underlies the patient examination and treatment acquaint with mechanical principle that is the basis of investigation and treatment of patient. Also included is a case study that shows the McKenzie method approach to the patient and what the procedure for resolving the patient's difficulties should be. From the neurosurgical treatment the procedures...
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Physical-chemical property characterisation of thin reflective layers on silicon substrates
Rozsívalová, Zdeňka ; Studýnka, Jan (referee) ; Krčma, František (advisor)
This thesis deals with surface analysis and characterization of optical features of thin films created by hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) plasma polymerization on silicon wafers. The RF plasma industrial deposition equipment was used for the thin layers formation. These thin films serve as protective coatings on the reflective layer in the car light or solar panels. Theoretic part gives basic information about plasma, its occurrence, features, diagnostics and applications. Thin layers, their production and characterization are discussed here, too. Theoretic description of monomer material (including the group of other organosilicones) is also presented here. The FTIR spectroscopy and elipsometry are mentioned as the main methods for thin films characterisation. Because material during its practical use degrades due to external conditions, the influence of them on the thin layer properties is studied using the accelerated aging of created films. Industrial deposition chamber AluMet 1800V made by Leybold Optics, Ltd. installed in Zlin Precision company was used for the thin films production. Thin films were created under different conditions that were selelected near to the real conditions used in technology. Various applied powers (2-5 kW) were used for the deposition under different monomer flows. Further, the influence of oxygen addition on the created film properties was investigated. The deposition process was monitored by optical emission spectroscopy. The spectrometer Jobin Yvon Triax 320 with CCD detector was used. The selected part from every samples set was exposed by UV radiation (48 hours at radiation density of 0.68 W/m2 at 340 nm) to simulate the probable conditions during the layers real use. The surface properties were investigated by measurement of reflected light spectral intensity in the visible range at different angles. The angle between incident and reflected beam was varied in the interval of 40 - 150° with 10° step. The influence of sample preparation conditions as well as their aging effect was studied at the selected angles. Spectral reflectance doesn´t depend significantly on applied discharge power and oxygen addition. The significant shift of reflectance into the red part of spectrum was observed at UV exposed samples more or less independently on the applied discharge power of monomer flow rate. Addition of oxygen during the deposition suppresses this effec significantly. Characterization of thin layer structure was done by FTIR spectroscopy. No significant changes were observed in the structure at different discharge powers of monomer flow rates except total absorption intensities that are proportional to the layr thickness. The oxygen addition, of course, changes the structure significantly. These results are only preliminary because the layers were very thin (deposition conditions were near to the common process standard) and thus the signal/noise ratio was relatively low.
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The effects of noise on real estate prices in Prague
Straková, Beáta ; Melichar, Jan (advisor) ; Šohajová, Renata (referee)
In my thesis I deal with the effects of noise on real estate prices in our capital city. The aim is to estimate the traffic noise impact on property prices, using the hedonic price method. Hedonic price analysis is a useful tool for evaluating the impact of environmental policies, especially for assessing measures aiming to reduce traffic noise, and for apprising landscape architecture during the forming of green quiet areas in the city. In the theoretical part of the thesis I deal with the noise characteristics, hedonic price method, and searches of foreign studies that are centered on the benefits of the silence in households. From these studies, I deduced how the noise affects the real estate market, defined the determinants of the real estate valuation, and showed the appropriate format of these determining variables. The practical part of my work focuses on estimating the effect of particular characteristics of a property on its price. From the noise and real estate price data plotted on the map of Prague, I evaluate the relationship between the noise reading and the real estate price, using the econometric analysis. According to my findings, the negative correlation has been proven to be of a significant measure.
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Ecumenism in the work of Josef Kubalík
Chocenská, Vlasta ; Bouma, David (advisor) ; Houkal, Jan (referee)
The thesis "Ecumenism in the work of Josef Kubalík" provides an overview of several works of professor Josef Kubalík. His works influenced generations of students of Catholic theology. Author was a professor of Fundamental Theology at Cyrilometodějská bohoslovecká faculty in Litoměřice in the second half of the 20th century. He wrote a lot of books, university textbooks and ariticles in specialized press. Theologia Fundamentalis has been his most known work. Which is partly still under the influence of manualistic, apologetic-polemical theology. In his later reissues are added council documents Dei Verbum and Lumen Gentium. He translated documents of Second Vatican Ecumenical Council for professional public. We compare his work to these documents and to Ut Unum Sint. At the end it is said, that professor Kubalík grew in the openness and friendliness towards non - Catholics. But he was unable to change given schemes of his thinking.
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The influence of new natural gas sources on energy security in the USA
Vránková, Jana ; Neumann, Pavel (advisor) ; Vošta, Milan (referee) ; Baláž, Peter (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (referee)
The thesis focuses on the influence of new natural gas sources on energy security in the USA. The new sources include mainly shale gas, but also tight gas and others. The main objective of the thesis is to evaluate the impact of changes in production and trade in gas on energy security and self-sufficiency of the USA. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is theoretic and thus provides the frameworks for the following parts of the thesis. It focuses on the security concept in literature and in the papers of international energy agencies, e.g. IEA. For the purposes of the thesis, energy security is defined as the ability of a state to secure uninterrupted and stable supply of energy at a reasonable price of sufficiently diversified energy sources, which can be flexibly substituted among each other without additional costs by the end consumers. The second chapter concentrates on energy security in the USA, the development of energy legislation and the position of the United States in international comparison from this point of view. The third chapter deals with the technical background of production and its legislative status of the USA. To compare, it also addresses the production legislation in some EU countries. It follows up market implications of increased domestic production, specifically its profitability, changes in energy mix and in trading position of the USA in energy sources. The fourth chapter analyzes price impacts using change in domestic and foreign demand and supply in natural gas, including their price elasticity, and the price development itself. The fifth chapter summarizes, based on the findings from previous chapters, perspectives of the future development, mainly impacts on economy and potential export. The thesis comes to the main conclusion stating that the production from domestic sources shall have a positive impact on energy security not only in the USA, but also consecutively in other countries dependent on import of energy sources through higher diversification of source countries. Better available commodity may contribute to greater price competitiveness of domestic products on international markets and help to substitute coal with gas in energy mix. The biggest risk is seen in the low gas price that makes the production economically unprofitable. However, the gas price should maintain the level which would allow for profit of the producers, reasonable price for the consumers and increased level of energy security thanks to further development of the production technology, its better price availability and increased demand on cleaner energy sources.
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Argumenty Bubliny Vyššího Vzdělání v USA
Kasanová, Barbora ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Prokop, Jaromír (referee)
Unsustainable business practices coupled with an illusion of the masses plagues the higher education model in the United States today. It used to hold that college was the key to a successful job for fresh graduates. . . . We are in the midst of a speculative bubble composed of inflated expectations about the university system. This paper aims to analyze that there is indeed a speculative bubble of the US Higher Education system. The increased demand for college, skyrocketing tuition and room & board fees, as well as easier access to loans for funding have contributed to the formation of this bubble.
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Risks of being on diet for middle - aged women
Plachá, Barbora ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (referee)
The bachelor work focuses on the risks of women's diets in middle age (45 - 60 years of age). The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part characterises generally the period of menopause which just emerges in the women's middle age. It refers to the basic principles of rational eating. It regards the issues of overweight and obesity and related reduction diets and their impact on health conditions of women. Based on the technical findings, the work makes recommendations how to adjust a diet in a suitable way. Practical part includes the questionnaire inquiry which is aimed at women's eating habits and their experience with reduction diets. The individual results are evaluated and discussed in the conclusion of the study. The results of the questionnaire survey indicate apparent lack of information of middle - aged women especially in terms of health risks related to reduction diets.
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Gas Microsensors Based on Self-Organized 3D Metal-Oxide Nanofilms
Pytlíček, Zdeněk ; Husák, Miroslav (referee) ; Kolařík, Vladimír (referee) ; Prášek, Jan (advisor)
This dissertation concerns the development, fabrication and integration in a gas sensing microdevice of a novel 3-dimensional (3D) nanostructured metal-oxide semiconducting film that effectively merges the benefits of inorganic nanomaterials with the simplicity offered by non-lithographic electrochemistry-based preparation techniques. The film is synthesized via the porous-anodic-alumina-assisted anodizing of an Al/Nb metal bilayer sputter-deposited on a SiO2/Si substrate and is basically composed of a 200 nm thick NbO2 layer holding an array of upright-standing spatially separated Nb2O5 nanocolumns, being 50 nm wide, up to 900 nm long and of 8109 cm2 population density. The nanocolumns work as semiconducting nano-channels, whose resistivity is greatly impacted by the surface and interface reactions. Either Pt or Au patterned electrodes are prepared on the top of the nanocolumn array using an innovative sensor design realized by means of microfabrication technology or via a direct original point electrodeposition technique, followed by selective dissolution of the alumina overlayer. For gas-sensing tests the film is mounted on a standard TO-8 package using the wire-bonding technique. Electrical characterization of the 3D niobium-oxide nanofilm reveals asymmetric electron transport properties due to a Schottky barrier that forms at the Au/Nb2O5 or Pt/Nb2O5 interface. Effects of the active film morphology, structure and composition on the electrical and gas-sensing performance focusing on sensitivity, selectivity, detection limits and response/recovery rates are explored in experimental detection of hydrogen gas and ammonia. The fast and intensive response to H2 confirms the potential of the 3D niobium-oxide nanofilm as highly appropriate active layer for sensing application. A computer-aided microfluidics simulation of gas diffusion in the 3D nanofilm predicts a possibility to substantially improve the gas-sensing performance through the formation of a perforated top electrode, optimizing the film morphology, altering the crystal structure and by introducing certain innovations in the electrode design. Preliminary experiments show that a 3D nanofilm synthesized from an alternative Al/W metal bilayer is another promising candidate for advanced sensor applications. The techniques and materials employed in this work are advantageous for developing technically simple, cost-effective and environmentally friendly solutions for practical micro- and nanodevices, where the well-defined nano-channels for charge carriers and surface reactions may bring unprecedented benefits.
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Transport as a factor influencing animal welfare
Vandrovcová, Michaela ; Hofmanová, Barbora (advisor) ; Kracíková, Olga (referee)
This thesis deals with transport as the influence that greatly affects and reduces welfare. In the thesis are the general rules and conditions to ensure good animal welfare, as well as an explanation of what it actually means animal welfare. Part of my work deals with indicators that disrupt these conditions and that are part of transportation or general handling the animals. In the thesis are also mentioned factors that indicate poor welfare or causes distortions. As a supplement to this part of the thesis are the specifics of the basic kinds of livestock: pigs, cattle, poultry and horses. As a result of deterioration of welfare are in the thesis the possible defect of meat after slaughter and the principle of formation of these defects under increased stress. An integral part are also requirements for the loader and the actual conditions for the transport of live animals.
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Clean Code in C#
Holota, Lukáš ; Buchalcevová, Alena (advisor) ; Vít, Jan (referee)
This thesis focuses on code cleanliness in the language C# on the Microsoft .NET platform and its goal is to create a manual for developers showing that it how and why they should measure, maintain and improve code cleanliness. It defines basic rules for the appearance of clean code beginning with the simplest ones such as code formatting, naming the language elements, modelling classes and methods and general recommendations for writing comments in code and how to handle exceptions using the tools available in the C# language. The second part focuses on the process of refactoring, it defines a list of code smells which can be used as indicators of poor quality code. The third part is focused on the challenges brought by the development of software in a team. I have also conducted a research to determine the state of knowledge of clean code among software developers. As an evidence of importance of maintaining code cleanliness I have included the economic impact on the cost of a software project.
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