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Possibilities of UCP2 (uncoupling protein 2) induction in rat hepatocytes in in vivo conditions
Bolehovská, Radka ; Červinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kalous, Martin (referee) ; Novotný, Dalibor (referee)
Possibilities of UCP2 (uncoupling protein 2) induction in rat hepatocytes in in vivo conditions Introduction Uncoupling protein 2, discovered in 1997, is the first described homologue of uncoupling protein 1. Uncoupling proteins increase the permeability of inner mitochondrial membrane for protons, decrease the efficiency of energy conversion, inhibit the ATP synthesis and stimulate energy release in form of heat. Uncoupling proteins also increase the substrate oxidation and reduce production of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. Objective, material and method The aim of this study was to establish and optimised the quntitative real-time PCR for detection of UCP2 mRNA expression kinetics in rat liver tissue. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of acute and chronic treatment with triiodothyronine and the effect of partial hepatectomy on liver uncoupling protein 2 mRNA levels in male Wistar rats. Results Intraperitoneal injection of one dose of triiodothyronine (200 μg/kg rat body weight) increased mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 2 in liver tissue almost 2-fold (P < 0.01 vs. control group) in rats 12 hours after T3 administration. Concentrations of total triiodothyronine and free triiodothyronine in serum were increased 122-fold and 77-fold (p < 0.001), respectively....
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Časově závislé řešení dvourozměrných rozptylových problémů v kvantové mechanice
Váňa, Martin ; Houfek, Karel (advisor) ; Čížek, Martin (referee)
The scope of this thesis is in the time-dependent formulation of the two dimensional model of resonant electron-diatomic molecule collisions in the range of low energies. In its time independent form the model was previously numerically solved without the Born-Oppenheimer approximation with use of modern tools such as the finite element method with discrete variable representation (FEM-DVR) or exterior complex scaling (ECS). Within the scope of this model we numerically solve the evolution problem, with use of the Crank-Nicolson method and the Padé approximation. Later we evaluate the cross section of the elastic and some inelastic processes with the correlation function approach. At last we make a comparison of the evolution and the cross sections to time dependent formulation of the local complex potential approximation of the electron-molecule collisions.
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Termodynamická analýza procesů v polymerní elektrolytické membráně palivového článku
Pavelka, Michal ; Maršík, František (advisor) ; Málek, Josef (referee)
Thermodynamic analysis of processes in electrolytic fuel cell membrane Michal Pavelka April 12, 2012 Abstract Hydrogen fuel cells1 may become a key technology of 21st century, and it is important to be able to describe their behavior, therefore. In this work we focus on hydrogen fuel cells with a polymer-electrolyte membrane. For the membrane we adopt an existing model2 . We for- mulate the model in the framework of the mixture theory which we develop similarly as has been done in the classical textbook of Mazur and de Groot3 . However, refining the concept of potential energy of a material point, we introduce new terms called internal potential ener- gies which enable us to describe macroscopic consequences of internal forces between water and polymer in the membrane and to describe the influence of gradient of surface tension of water in the membrane. We solve the model in 1D approximation. Consequently, we calculate the influence processes in the membrane have on efficiency of the fuel cell. 1 see for example Larminie, J. and A. Dicks. Fuel Cell Systems Explained. 2nd edition. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2003. ISBN 0-470-84857-X. 2 Weber, A. Z. and J. Newman. Transport in Polymer-Electrolyte Membranes I, II, III. J. Electrochem. Soc., 150 (7), A1008-A1015, 2003; 151 (2), A1311-A1325, 2004.; 151 (2), A1326-A1339,...
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Description of narrow resonances using two-potential formula
Bednařík, Lukáš ; Čížek, Martin (advisor) ; Houfek, Karel (referee)
In the presented thesis we study tunneling problems with projection formalism and two potential approach. We apply this approximative method proposed by S.A. Gurvitz in [4] to two new potentials with a quasistationary state. In the next chapter we generalize this method to one-dimensional nonsymmetric potential. A new formula is found and used for calculation of energy width. We compare our results with a numerical method of complex scaling. Finally, we discuss three-dimensional potential. One axis of symmetry is assumed and we derive relatively simple formula for energy width.
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Application of the expenditure as a percentage of revenue as a way to tax optimization
MRÁZOVÁ, Olga
The first part of this thesis is focused on the approximation of concepts relating to income tax of partial tax base, to income tax liability and its optimization. The second part - the practical part - is focused on determining the calculations of partial tax bases on income of individuals and analysis of the differences between the tax bases set difference of income and expenses actually incurred and expenditure set percentage of income.
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Rehabilitation technology of embankment dams by using suitable types of waste
Michalčíková, Magdaléna ; Kulísek, Karel (referee) ; Drochytka, Rostislav (advisor)
The subject of this work is to find an optimal technology for repairing existing embankment dams with emphasis on simplicity and ecological scalability. Next, secondary energy and waste materials will be evaluated as a partial replacement of a quality montmorillonitic clay. The aim of this will be to maximize the use of these waste materials. In the end a selection of materials for the locality will be made. The use of appropriate types of waste for repairs of embankment dams with clay based grouting compound technology has a great potential, especially with those dams that are not fulfilling their function due to their age.
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Low-energy recycling of poly(ethylen terephthalate) waste
Slabá, Jitka ; Beneš, Hynek (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with a new low-energy method of chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) using natural oils as reagents and microwave irradiation to accelerate depolymerization. The results of experiments with PET waste and castor oil, when the reaction mixture was heated in microwave reactor, showed that a complete depolymerization of PET chain has occured. Optimal conditions for the depolymerization PET were established: wt. ratio of PET / castor oil = 1 / 9.7, when the molar ratio of ester bonds of PET / hydroxyl groups of castor oil = 1 / 2.7, catalyst : zinc acetate at wt 1% from the PET mass, reaction temperature ranging from 235 to 245řC and the reaction time 60 min. Decomposition experiments also showed, that microwave irradiation accelerated decomposition of PET. Depolymerization reactionin MW reactor was complete at 6x shorter reaction time than the decomposition in the classically heated reactor. The results of analysis showed that the resulting product,the recyclate, was composed of unreacted castor oil and polyol products, that contained partially or fully esterified structural unit of PET, which were ended by ester-linked units of castor oil.
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Exact and approximate Riemann solvers for the Euler equations
Živčáková, Andrea ; Kučera, Václav (advisor) ; Felcman, Jiří (referee)
In this work we deal with the solution and implementation of the problem of solving a partial differential equation with a piecewise constant initial condition, the so-called Riemann's problem. Specifically, we study the equations of conservation laws describing inviscid adiabatic flow of an ideal gas - the Euler equations. After some investigation, we show that these equations can be transformed to a quasilinear hyperbolic partial differential equation of first order. We are especially interested in the one-dimensional Euler equations for which we want to get an analytically exact Riemann's solver. The solution is found by investigation of properties of waves, namely rarefaction waves, shock waves and contact discontinuities were treated. The output of this work is a program in C for finding the exact Riemann's solver for one-dimensional Euler equations. The program is based on a theoretical analysis summarized in the first two chapters, and is tested on standard test data. The theory is based on the books [1] and [2].
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Lipschitz functions in analysis of PDEs
Fišerová, Veronika
We consider a steady ow of a homogeneous incompressible nonNewtonian uid. We suppose that the viscosity of the uid depends on the mean normal stress (the pressure) and on the shear rate as this dependence is motivated by many technologically important experiments and studies. We study a system of partial dierential equations that govern such ows of uids subject to the homogeneous Dirichlet (no-slip) boundary condition and establish a global existence of a weak solution under certain specied assumptions on the structure of the viscosity. This is carried out by passing to the limit in the weak solution of a previously introduced approximate system, the existence of which is also shown. The fact that the viscosity is monotone in some sense plays an important role. A decomposition of the pressure and Lipschitz test functions as Lipschitz approximations of Sobolev functions are incorporated in order to obtain almost everywhere convergence of the pressure and the symmetric part of the velocity gradient.
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Studium rekonstrukce rozpadu Higgs -> τ τ
Nováková, Jana ; Davídek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Dolejší, Jiří (referee)
Two independent methods of the Higgs boson mass reconstruction in the channel H are studied and compared in this thesis. The Higgs boson mass is usually reconstructed by means of a collinear approximation which is based on the measurement of missing energy and visible parts of tau leptons. Unknown momenta of neutrinos originating in the tau leptons decays have to be estimated. The mass peak is reconstructed as an invariant mass of the two tau leptons system. An alternative method, so-called decay length method, based on the tau lepton range measurement is studied in this paper. The secondary vertex reconstruction is the basic issue for this method as opposed to the energy measurement and calibration which are of crucial importance for the collinear approximation. The decay length method is not expected to give as precise results as the collinear approximation. However, it can be used as an independent test of the results of the collinear method.
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