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Mechanisms of retromer - dependent protein recycling from endosomes
Horázná, Monika ; Macůrková, Marie (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Most processes in nature are very effective concerning saving energy and minimizing waste. A good example of saving on cellular level is receptor recycling. Whether it concerns receptors for lysosomal enzymes or for proteins destined for secretion, after releasing their cargo protein the fate of the receptor would be sealed in lysosomes. Nevertheless, some transmembrane receptors contain a signal motif through which they are recognized by specific proteins or protein complexes and they escape the degradation in lysosomes. One such complex is the retromer. Its first discovered function was the recycling of receptors for lysosomal hydrolases in yeast. Later it was proved that it has a similar role in transport of many other proteins in other eukaryotes. The task for retromer is to sort the cargo proteins on the endosomal membrane and together with others auxiliary proteins create a transport vesicle which is then transported to the Golgi. This makes the cell able to recycle proteins that would otherwise be transported from endosomes to lysosomes for degradation.
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Regulace syntézy ribozomů v bakteriích
Krásný, Libor
Rapidly growing bacteria need a high number of ribosomes to satisly the cells need for increased translation. Starving bacteria need a low number of ribosomes to limit energy expenditure.The number of ribosomes is regulated at the level of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription.
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Creatine fortification in relation to homocysteinemia
Kohlíková, E. ; Petr, M. ; Šenholdová, Z. ; Navrátil, Tomáš ; Heyrovský, Michael ; Přistoupilová, K. ; Přistoupil, T. I.
Some people supplement their diet by high doses of creatine (CR) to increase their muscle performace. In this way, they intensify the biochemical processes on cell membranes. The water thus formed is retained in the cells, which increases the body mass. The organism must remove exogenously added CR, probably in a similar way as in removing xenobiotics via oxidation with cyt.P450 to 2C units to cooperation with GSH. Our new simple and cheap voltammetric method enables to estimate thiogycolic (TDGA), the natural product of oxidative catabolism of thiocompounds, excreted to urine in regular catabolic processes.
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Impairment of cellular metabolism as common pathophzsiological mechanism of CNS diseases
Hasala, Ondřej ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Name of thesis: Impairment of cellular metabolism as common pathophysiological mechanism of CNS diseases Problem definition: Every human cell needs energy for living. If the prodcution of ATP (as an universal energy carrier) is broken, cell restricts its activity first and during longterm depletion of ATP, dies. It was found, that cellular metabolism is broken in most pathologies in CNS. Disorder of respiratory chain by free radicals is the best known at Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, brain ischemia etc. Mitochondria, where respiratory chain is situated, is not only the aim of free radicals, but it is their major producer. The activity of respiratory chain decreases during the life and this phenomenan is called aging. Aim of thesis: To determine whether there is increased production of free radicals in mitochondria of rat (LE Wistar) hippocampus during the epileptic seizure. Method: Thesis involves experiment which was done with acute rat hippocampal slices. To induce epileptic seizure it was used 4-aminopyridine model. It was used fluorescence imaging as imaging method. Changes of superoxide production was detected with MitoSOX. Electrophysiological record was taken by programme Spike 2 with stimulation and recording electrode inside the slice. Results: There was no significant difference between...
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Study of mitochondrial ultrastructure and functions in selected mitochondrial and lysosomal storage disorders
Kostková, Olga ; Hansíková, Hana (advisor) ; Šmíd, František (referee) ; Hyánek, Josef (referee)
This thesis has been worked out in The laboratory for study of mitochondrial disorders (Departement of Pediatrics, 1st Faculty of Medcine, Chales university in Prague) and in cooperation with The Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders. Mitochondrial disorders represent a heterogeneous group of diseases with the onset at any age from neonatal period till adulthood, mostly presented with very severe clinical courses of disease. The mammalian organism is fully dependent on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system as on the major energy producer of the cell. Therefore the mitochondrial disorders affect mainly high energy demanded tissues such as brain, heart or muscle. Simillar phenotype is observed in many lysosomal storage disorders. Despite of expanding knowledge of molecular basis of mitochondrial and lysosomal disorders, it may be still difficult to explain the exact pathogenesis of disease as well as the prognosis for patients and their families. Mitochondrial functions affect more than just energy production; they contribute in initiation of apoptosis, in cellular calcium homeostasis, and in production of reactive oxygene species. Disturbed mitochondria become a goal of autophagy mediated by the lysosomal compartement. The results of our study enable: 1. better understanding of the tissue...
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DYE SENSITISED SOLAR CELLS: NEW CHALLENGES FROM GRAPHENE CATHODE AND IODINE-FREE ELECTROLYTE
Kavan, Ladislav
Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) in the form of thin semitransparent film on F-doped SnO2 (FTO) exhibit high electrocatalytic activity for Co(L)2; where L is 6-(lH-pyrazol-l-yl)- 2,2‘-bipyridine. GNP films with optical transmission below 88% are outperforming the activity of platinized FTO for the Co2+/3+(L)2 redox reaction. Dye-sensitized solar cells with Y123 dye adsorbed on TiO2 photoanode achieved energy conversion efficiencies between 8 to 10 % for both GNP and Pt-based cathodes. However, the cell with GNP cathode is superior to that with Pt-FTO cathode in fill factors and in the efficiency at higher illumination intensities.
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Solar production of electricity
Špiláček, Michal ; Hejčík, Jiří (referee) ; Charvát, Pavel (advisor)
In this bachelor’s thesis are mentioned basic methods how to convert solar radiation into electric energy. Shortly introducing the origin of solar radiation and its subsequent lightening of the Earth surface. Then is here the history of photovoltaic and principle of function of photovoltaic cells. In next chapters are mentioned a variety of cells, construction of photovoltaic panels and methods, how to increase their productivity. In the following chapters are mentioned basic thermal cycles used for indirect conversion of solar radiation into electric energy, their usage in various applications. At last, here are mentioned ways of using the gained electric energy both from direct and indirect conversion.
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The Observance of Dietary Precautions in Clients with Type 1. Diabetes Mellitus
KOVANDOVÁ, Klára
This work for bachelor´s degree is focussed to clients with Diabet mellit (1st type) and their abiding diet arrangements. Diabettes mellitus (1st type) is chronic autoimmune disease. It is caused by selective destruction of betta- cells of Langerhan´s islets, which cause to absolute absence of insulin in human organism. It was introduced that diabettes mellitus (1st type) is disease mainly of children or young adults in the past. But according to new results it is the same frequent disease with people, who are about 40 years oldand even with people, who are about 70 years old (it is mostly less drastic than with young people). The base of cure is therapeutic nutrition, which is always bonded with use of insulin. Diotherapy is one of the most important part of case of daibet (1st type). During last time axions of diotherapy are very changed. The accent is still emphasize to quality of selected food, correct amount of food, diet periodicity and diet frequencies. Every diabetic should have his own, individual diet plan, which includes scheduling of replaceable units for all day. Thanks to diet plan the diabet can know, how many replaceable units are in all food, which will be eaten during the day. Adequate gain of drink is very important for diabetics too. Abidance of drinks will not cure the patient, but it will help him with improvement of bodily weight. If patients want to have successful care, he must be very accountable. Diabetic needs patient and educated courier, if he wants successful care. For example- there is a diabetes nurse in foreign countries. Regime of czech public health doesn´t have it. The aim of this work is detecting og abiding of diet action with diabetics, who have mellit (1st type) and they go to the diabet consulting rooms. The aim of the work is answering for questions: What is form of information about dietary action of diabetics (1st type) for patients? What was the role of nurse during client´s education about dietary action? What is form of abidance about client´s dietary action? Explorational part of the work was machined like a qualitative research and its beasic technic was used unstandardized interview. The interview was accorded by six respondents- diabetics ( who have mellit, 1st type). Information from interviews were machined to individual casuistries. The same of the work was accomplished and explorational questions were answered. Thanks to this research we could see, the life with diabetic can be identically long, happy and full of experiences like life without him. Diabetes is disease for all life. It achieves to change life of healthy person- absolutely. And because of it, it is important diabetics reconcile with it and be happy, even with this disease. The prevention is also very important. These patients need a lot of motivation, energy and they need someone, who give them a lot of theoretic findings. The special team for diabetics exists because of it. Sometimes, there is only nurse with patient during the cure. Sometimes there is a doctor. But when they (nurse, doctor, patient) are together, it is the most important part of the cure. Results from explorational research are beneficial for diabetes nurses, who work in diabetes clinic. There was made an information brochure thenks to these results. This brochure can be used by nurses, but by diabetics too. This brochure can be useful to acquiring of information for students who study sanitary industry at university.
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