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Serum concentration of vitamin D in patients with femoral neck fracture
Matoušková, Karolína ; Wenchich, László (advisor) ; Zikán, Vít (referee)
Vitamin D significantly affects metabolism of the bone tissue. It keeps homeostasis of calcium and phosphor and thus contributes to healthier mineralization of bones. Lack of those substances pertains to risk factors for development of osteoporosis and subsequent complications during possible downfalls and fractures. The role of vitamin D in bone disease has been increasing in recent years, but its importance in the early post-fracture period is not yet fully understood. This thesis is a prospective study of metabolism of vitamin D and its metabolites in post-operative stage of patients with femoral neck fractures. It is a basic quantitative research, where received data are analysed. Blood samples obtained from a total of 18 patients, whose blood was taken on the day of surgery and 6 weeks after surgery (± 1 week), were used as material. Resulted values of 25-OH vitamin D increased from 23,02 ± 16,02 nmol/l to 25,75 ± 16,30 nmol/l (diameter ± standard deviation). In contrast, 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D decreased from 76,81 ± 41,84 pmol/l to 55,88 ± 26,34 pmol/l. Statistically significant results at a significance level of p≤0,05 were only observed for parathyroid hormone (PTH), with values decreasing from 6,31 ± 3,95 pmol/l to 3,96 ± 2,25 pmol/l. Vitamin D examinations in our patients showed reduced...
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Nutritional profile in patients with bariatric metabolic surgery
Fišerová, Veronika ; Karbanová, Martina (advisor) ; Sadílková, Aneta (referee)
Introduction: Obesity is a major health problem that affects an individual's overall health. Bariatric metabolic surgery is most important and has permanent impact on weight loss in comparison with conservative therapy. The downside is that it often leads to a row nutritional deficiencies requiring long-term supplementation. Object: The aim of the thesis is to map the intake of nutrients in the diet of bariatric patients six months and one year after the procedure. The research is primarily focused on the intake of vitamin D and calcium in diet, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcium levels are also evaluated. Marginally, laboratory values are assessed prior to surgery as deficiencies are known to occur before surgery. Methodology: The research sample consists of 30 respondents who are six months (M6) and one year (Y1) from the procedure. Micronutrients are evaluated from three-day dining records recorded by respondents for at least one week. The research laboratory data was used from the medical information system of the hospital information system. The evaluation parameters for vitamin D-25 (OH)D (limit level was established to > 30 ng/ml). To assess the parathyroid hormone concentration, a minimum limit is set to 1.58 pmol/l, calcium 2.00-2.75 (mmol/l). We were wondering if the profile of...
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Nutrition in osteoporosis
SOTONOVÁ, Michaela
The Bachelor's thesis focuses on nutrition for osteoporosis. The main aim of the thesis is to determine and evaluate diet composition in the selected retirement home and to find out whether the composition of the diet corresponds to the requirements for osteoporosis prevention or nutrition therapy. Another aim is to create recommendations for menus in the retirement home which comply with the physiological needs of seniors. I would also like to find out whether the respondents know the relationship between individual nutrients and osteoporosis. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part describes the physiology and anatomy of bones. Furthermore, it also concentrates on the characteristics of osteoporosis, its forms, symptoms, risk factors and diagnostics. The last section of the theoretical part focuses mainly on nutrition, which is related to osteoporosis. In the Bachelor's thesis, I emphasize the importance of calcium, vitamin D, magnesium and other key macro and micronutrients associated with this disease. The research part of the Bachelor's thesis was carried out using a quantitative and qualitative research method. The quantitative part of the research was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey in the retirement home in Strakonice. The paper questionnaire was distributed to 30 respondents (15 women and 15 men). It was divided into two parts. The first part focuses on awareness of this disease. The second part deals with the respondents' knowledge of the role of nutrients in osteoporosis. Next, the qualitative research method was used to obtain weekly menu that is used to prepare meals for people with osteoporosis. I entered the weekly menu into the Nutriservis Professional program and then evaluated it. I specifically paid attention to the sufficient calcium and vitamin D intake. I processed the results of the research into graphs using Microsoft Excel 2016.
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The illness of pre school age children in connection with level of vitamin D in blood
KAISEROVÁ, Klára
Literature and individual authors, for example, in the Czech Republic, Tláskal (2013) and Broulík (2013) agree and draw attention to the negative effect of vitamin D deficiency on a wide range of diseases. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to find out how low levels of vitamin D affect the occurence of respiratory diseases in pre-school and school children. A complementary subject of research is to determine the proportion of vegetable oils or animal fats used in the preparation of children's diet in the home environment. In connection with sun-light and vitamin D formation, I will also look at whether parents apply to children creams with a protective factor, or when. The theoretical part describes the basic information about vitamins and more specifically is devoted to groups of fat and water soluble vitamins. Another part of the theoretical work is dedicated to vitamin D, which deals with both basic information as well as detailed problems of the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the immune system of children. Furthermore, in the theoretical part of the thesis, the optimal plasma calcidiol saturation is mentioned, closely related to the research part of the thesis. In the practical part I worked with a set of 17 respondents in pre-school and school age, and they were divided into two groups. The first group consists of 12 respondents with recurring airway inflammation; the second group consisted of 5 "healthy" children who did not experience recurrent airway inflammation. By venipuncture (venous blood sampling), all patients were laboratory tested and then compared the blood vitamin D level with the physiological standard of the age group. The question of the fat ratio in the diet and the use of sunscreen was evaluated by a questionnaire for all respondents. From the processed results in our research group of respondents it has been shown that the level of vitamin D in blood in children with respiratory diseases is low. It has also been shown that in the preparation of the diet in both groups of respondents, vegetable oils predominate above the animal fats. The results showed that parents in most cases apply sunscreen creams in direct sunlight if they do not visit the sea most often in the Czech Republic. The overall factors that could have the most impact on the outcome of the whole practical part of the thesis are the small number of respondents overall.
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Nutritional status and food intake for clients in retirement home
ZEMENOVÁ, Pavlína
This bachelor thesis called Nutritional status and food intake for clients in retirement home endeavours to map general nutritional status of the elderly. It is concentrated on the elderly living in retirement home without nutritionist in South Bohemian region. Evaluation of nutritional status was performed by standardized screening form, monitoring food intake, follow-up calculations and laboratory testing due to blood vitamin D content. The thesis is typically divided into two parts. Theoretical and practical. Theoretical part is patterned on definition of age and ageing. These two phenomena are analysed on demographic and prognostic aspect. It is focused on retirement home and legislation associated with presence nutritionist in retirement home by reason providing medical nutrition. It is analysed dietetic system and project called External Evaluation of Nutritional Care Quality in Rest Homes. This project is one way how to implement professional and guaranteed nutritional care. About this issue, the thesis is concentrate on evaluation of nutritional status by using various instruments and on physiological changes of organism in later life. And it does not forget to nutrition recommendation for the elderly. A foundation of practical part of thesis sets five research targets and two research question. Twenty clients of retirement home participate in research. It was seventeen women and three men. Basic assessment of nutritional status of the elderly was performed by form called "Mini Nutritional Assessment ", which reveals danger of commencement of malnutrition at four clients and direct danger of malnutrition at two clients. Calculations of offered food and real food intake were made by software called "Nutriservis Profesional". Offered food contains acceptable number of proteins in major part of researched diet (basic diet, diabetic diet and resting diet). It was 15 % proteins (85-90 grams) from the whole energetic food intake per day. The number of carbohydrates of all researched diet was almost 45 % (255 g) from the whole energetic food intake per day. Average fat intake of all researched diet was 40 % (100 g). All these values were not in Česká asociace sester, Sekce nutričních terapeutů ´s opinion about right medical nutrition. Most clients did take in all offered food. But their needs were satisfied, because they eat more than their optimal energetic intake. Not surprisingly, a blood vitamin D content was low at almost all of clients. Average vitamin D intake from food was 4,4 micrograms. Average numbers in blood was about 11,43 micrograms/l. It is not possible to cover recommended daily allowance of vitamin D by food. Because of minimal movement of clients on sunlight it is impossible achieve required figure without vitamin D supplementation. Nutritionist presence would help to implement functional diet system in the retirement home. This system guarantees harmless offered food and helps search for malnutrition clients. And it can turn away, moderate or does not develop danger of malnutrition.
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Analysis of prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in adults
Nováková, Jana ; Zimčíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pokladníková, Jitka (referee)
ANALYSIS OF PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN ADULTS Author: Jana Nováková Supervisor: PharmDr. Eva Zimčíková, PhD. INTRODUCTION Estimated vitamin D deficiency occurs in up to 1/3 of the population. Vitamin D deficiency occurs in a number of diseases and in different countries of the world. AIMS The aim of the theoretical part of the diploma thesis was to get acquainted with vitamin D and its deficit in general. The objective of the practical part was to map vitamin D levels in adults, to assess prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, to determine if vitamin D levels fluctuate over the course of the year depending on age or gender and how they are related to individual illnesses. METHODS PubMed and Embase database search was performed to find evidence on vitamin D deficiency in adults. Only studies in humans, published in English in the period from 2000 to 2016 were included. Non-systematic review was provided, the quality of the studies was not evaluated. RESULTS Overall, 84 studies were included. Most of the studies enrolled healthy adults (n = 34). Among the studies concerning various diseases, musculoskeletal disorders were the most prevalent (n = 13). The highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was seen in the study from USA (in healthy adults) using cut-off value for deficiency ≤ 50...
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Vitamin D and Its Determination in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Kosheleva, Svetlana ; Kytnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Flekač, Milan (referee)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1T) is a chronic autoimmune disease that leads to progressive loss of pancreatic β-cells. The incidence of this disease is effected by genetic factors and external environment. One of the possible non-genetic factors associated with the risk of DM1T is vitamin D deficiency. The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to determine the possible connections between serum levels of glycated hemoglobin-HbA1c and 25OH Vitamin D in pediatric and adult patients of the Clinic of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine and 3rd Medical Department of the 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General Fakulty hospital in Prague with diagnosis of diabetes mellitus 1.The group consisted of 57 patients: 17 pediatric patients with DM1T, 20 adult patients with DM1T and a control group of 20 adult patients with DM2T. Patients were randomly assigned to regular checkups as part of ongoing clinical examination. Serum levels of 25-OH vitamin D <10 ng/ml were evaluated as deficient, 10-30 ng/ml as insufficient and 30-80 ng/ml is sufficient. The results showed that vitamin D insufficiency occurs in all groups of the monitored patient population. The mean value of 25OH Vitamin D (25(OH)D) was 18.01±5.23 ng /ml in DM1T pediatric patients, 20.15±10.83 ng /ml in adult patients with DM1T and T...
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The interaction of lactase persistence and skin depigmentation in connection with the calcium assimilation hypothesis
Grendelová, Gréta ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
The most recent genetic studies have proven that skin colour of our European ancestors was originally very dark. Skin depigmentation has begun after "out of Africa" time as a result of low levels of the ultraviolet radiation in changed regions at the higher latitudes. Lightly pigmented skin allows sunlight to penetrate human skin more deeply and vitamin D, which is essential for optimal functions of human body, is synthesised by biochemical interaction of ultraviolet radiation and epidermis. A deficit of vitamin D and calcium may be associated with the rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Following the correlation of rising depigmentation at the higher latitudes we may notice an increasing number of people with specific metabolic ability known as lactase persistence. Lactase persistence allows the digestion of milk sugar, lactose, in fresh milk in adulthood. It has likely evolved as a substitute in order to compensate for lower amounts of vitamin D in human body. The origin and spread of lactase persistence began around 7,000 years ago after the start of milk production. The oldest evidence of milk production was found in the Middle East. Lately, it has also been supported by the recent genetic analyses. Depigmentation and lactase persistence both began as an adaptation due to changed...
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Adherence to calcium and vitamin D supplementation in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis
Holcová, Radka ; Vytřísalová, Magda (advisor) ; Fuksa, Leoš (referee)
Adherence to calcium and vitamin D supplementation in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis Author: Radka Holcová Supervisor: Magda Vytřísalová Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Introduction: The insufficient medication adherence is a very frequent problem with chronic asymptomatic diseases as osteoporosis which significantly influences the treatment outcome. The successful osteoporosis therapy is based on adequate supply of calcium and vitamin D. A lot of studies are focused on the adherence to antiresorptive treatment but the adherence to supplementation therapy is rarely evaluated. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the adherence to calcium and vitamin D supplementation in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods: The adherence was evaluated using two different methods: self-reported questionnaire and the electronic monitoring by bottles type Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS). This partial analysis of a multicentre study includes and assesses data from Osteocentre in Pardubice Regional Hospital. Results: The analysis was performed with 15 women (the average age of 73). The patients were treated with Caltrate 600 mg/400 IU D3 once a day for three months. The adherence during the entire period...
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