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Vývoj a struktura přirozeného zmlazení v NPR Razula
Mikulenčák, Josef
The National Nature Reserve Razula is a heritage of a fir-beech forest primeval character with an admixture of European spruce and sycamore maple, typical for the area of the Western Carpathians. This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of the structure and dynamics of natural regeneration. The analysis was conducted on circular investment area, regularly situated in a square net over the entire area of the reservation. Work focuses the presence of natural regeneration of silver fir because of long term decline of its representation in the forests. Although fir is the most naturally regenerative tree species in the reservation, the individual growth rarely reaches the height of 0.5 m. The main factor is the damage by wild animals. The damage reaches nearly 60 % of individual trees higher than 0.15 m. Today there is a strong representation of beech, which thanks to its amount of natural regeneration at these habitats and ability to compensate for grazing.
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Learnability principles of progressive matrices: a comparison of Czech and Roma children
Páchová, Anna ; Seidlová Málková, Gabriela (referee) ; Rendl, Miroslav (advisor)
The aim of the graduation theses was to describe and explain the differences between Czech and Roma children in the scope of cognitive modifiability. The second aim was to consider the progressive matrices as tools for measurement of intelligence. To evaluate the cognitive modifiability I used the pretest and retest sets of matrices chosen from the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices and Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices. In addition, I also designed three separate sets of matrices that were used for explanation of matrix task principles. I confirmed the learnability of these principles, i.e. the matrix task results are influenced not only by the biological factors but primarily by the cultural background. It means that matrices cannot be considered as a culture free test. The results of Czech children in pretest and retest were significantly higher than the results of Roma children (however, the differences in the retest reached the borderline of statistic significance). On the other hand, the level of improvement (defined as retest minus pretest) was higher in the group of Roma children. So, the worse results of Roma children cannot be explain due to cognitive inferiority. They seem to be associated with the socio-cultural background and with the absence of Mediated Learning Experience. The...
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Poetical Evening for the Little Ones
Jedličková, Klára ; Provazník, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Martínková, Nina (referee)
My bachelor thesis is based on the description of my project. I cooperated with high school students, who were also attendants of a literary-dramatic course at an elementary school of arts. My intention was to work with dramatic reading (recitation). We finally directed ourselves from a poetical evening for adults to a brand new target group, children in nurseries. After a complicated journey in search of the most appropriate texts for our performance we finally got to the folklore fairy-tales and rhymes collected and written up by Karel Jaromír Erben. We made a short performance out of them, which was mostly based on narrating fairy-tales to children. We wanted to bring the children near to classic fairy-tales as the basis of our modern and contemporary children´s literature. We also included originally folk rhymes, the basis of nursery rhymes and children´s poetry, which are appreciated by children for their typical rhythm, humour and playfulness. I tried to record the whole process and bring the observations and conclusions that we have reached during the course of time.
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TTT method for the comparison of randomized heuristics
Novotná, Petra ; Pelikán, Jan (advisor) ; Fábry, Jan (referee)
There are many heuristics proposed for practical uses of the postman problem, which reach only approximate solutions, however in real time. Regarding the number of solutions of the postman problem, the efficiency of the heuristic is important to the solver, and that is the reason why the goal of this thesis is to compare the efficiency of different algorithms. In the first part of the thesis, the theory for understanding the comparison is described, which is further used for comparing the efficiency of five modifications of randomized heuristics solving delivery problems using the postman problem with capacities. Variants of solutions are launched on several differently complicated problems with optional edges and with multiple vehicles departing from a single depot. The results are shown in plots. A probability of the ability of one modification to reach the given target value in shorter time than the second modification is computed for more precise evaluation. The assumption is different efficiency when solving a problem of small and large scale.
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Gynaecologic Endoscopic Surgery. Techniques and Prevention of Complications
Brekke, Inge ; Kučera, Eduard (advisor)
V Praze 10. 6. 2016 Oznámení Na základě opatření rektora č. 6/2010 Zpřístupnění elektronické databáze závěrečných prací a Opatření děkana č. 12/2010, kterým se stanovují Pravidla pro evidenci, odevzdávání a zveřejňování závěrečných prací, probíhá na 3. lékařské fakultě Univerzity Karlovy v Praze doplňování elektronických verzí u starších prací obhájených v období od 1. 1. 2006 do 28. 9. 2010 do Studijního systému informačního systému UK. Omlouváme se, tento dokument není dostupný pro zpětnou digitalizaci. MUDr. David Marx, Ph.D. proděkan pro studium a výuku 3. LF UK
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HOUSE ON THE EDGE – Valašské Meziříčí, Sokolská Street
Trenz, Miloš ; Müller, Zdeněk (referee) ; Ruller, Ivan (advisor)
The town of Valasske Mezirici lies in the foothills of the Moravian-Silesian Beskids, which imparts a specific architectural character. Historical roots dating back to the Middle Ages can be traced in its urban structure. The core of the town is defined by three lines – the Becva River and two important thoroughfares, which refer to the historical context. The centre with its character is in marked contrast to the surrounding, predominantly residential development. Thus a spatial conflict arises that defines the boundary between the town and housing, the boundary between ‘the old and new’, or ‘the big and small’. The plot intended for the design lies on this border as well. The structure of the historic core of the town is specified by the fact that all public spaces, main facades and the elements of a town parter are oriented towards the main square. But on the other hand, it is falling apart gradually. This fact destroys the historical ties connected with the fortification walls which once delimited the centre clearly and thus enabled it to preserve its distinctive urban character. The idea of ‘definition’ and closing of the centre is making sense again after the construction of gigantic buildings in the neighbourhood. The design is drawn up on the basis of this reasoning. The building fills the space in the southern part of the former fortification system and closes the axis leading away from the main square. This gesture of the closure highlights the importance of the historical ties and the central character of the town core structure. It has no ambition to become a destination point. It only regulates the way of how the town is perceived, directs the citizens towards its major spaces and prevents the diffusion of the centre and the periphery. A new face goal is set by the curving the facade facing the centre. It is a noticeable tree located at the intersection of the ring road of the inner circle of the former fortification walls and the pedestrian communication leading from the periphery to the centre. Besides, a new urban area, supported by the height gradation of the mass of the building is delimited here. The newly created line connects the centre with the periphery. It replaces the original subway and thus provides a more dignified possibility of entering the town than from the underground. The building has a shape of a closed block – it delimits the entire plot and thereby reflects the need to build underground garages across its whole area. Hence an urban cliché does not arise and what can be found above the ground corresponds to what is underneath. The entire volume is divided into three parts as for the mass and operation. The importance of their function increases gradually. Thanks to this gradation the breaking of the large volume is achieved and at the same time the hygiene requirements are met. The individual masses are separated by an orthogonal system of communication axes created by covered galleries, which can be traced on the facades through the entire height.
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Stereotypical Depictions of African Americans on American Film
Žáčková, Julie ; Roraback, Erik Sherman (advisor) ; Veselá, Pavla (referee)
THESIS ABSTRACT Stereotypical Depictions of African Americans on American Film As far as the history of American "moving images" reaches, there have always been African American characters on screen. However, it was already in one of the earliest movies, D.W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation, that they were portrayed as stereotypical types. Mostly played by white actors with their faces painted black, they were absolutely one-sided and evoking laughter, mockery and even disgust. It is, indeed, Griffith who is until today seen as the originator of stereotypical types on film. All the "basic" stereotypes appeared in his film: the "Mammy", the "Coon", or the "Tragic Mulatta" and marked the beginning of such portrayals of African Americans in movies. In the history of Hollywood studios production, the stereotypes were used over and over, some were reinvented and even new ones emerged. This proved to be an impulse to African American filmmakers who reacted by producing their own film projects, striving to create heroes of their own, heroes that they could look up to in movie theaters. Blaxploitation was the genre that introduced such characters. The wave of African American-produced films continued in the early 1990s. After the enormous box office success of John Singleton's Boyz N the Hood, moviegoers craved...
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Intensive and Extensive development in MMORPG
Jergon, Roman ; Svatoš, Oleg (advisor)
This work deals with possible use of MMORPGs (Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game) and their virtual worlds for purposes of economical and sociological surveys. In the first part, it shows what MMORPGs are, and what their potential is. In addition, the second part covers issues that limit current virtual worlds for scientific use. The third part presents one of most limiting factors of virtual worlds – research and development comparing to real world. It also illustrates that the R&D system should be in hands of users. R&D system brings dynamics into real world economy and therefore it should bring dynamics into economy of virtual worlds. Inspired by Kuhn’s analysis of research development this work divides development into intensive and extensive. Intensive development brings new scientific theories. While extensive development contributes to scientific theories brought by intensive development and expands them. The fourth part is discussing solutions to some other limits that prevent implementation of research and development system into virtual worlds. Last part of this work demonstrates implementation thoughts about intensive and extensive development in virtual worlds. This work does not claim to be all covering as many of outlined questions deserve deeper research but it shows concept for solution for some these questions.
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Awareness of Preventive Programmes Aimed at the CAN Syndrome
MÜLLEROVÁ, Pavla
The thesis ``Awareness of Preventive Programmes Aimed at the CAN Syndrome{\crqq} is divided into two main parts. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the CAN syndrome, i.e. a syndrome of a child exposed to violence, abuse or neglect. It describes its different forms and symptoms, presents characteristic of the most frequent victims and offenders and the situation in the Czech Republic in terms of legislation and CAN syndrome occurrence. A substantial part is dedicated to prevention of violence, abuse and neglect of children at all levels {--} i.e. primary, secondary, tertiary and quartery prevention. The thesis illustrates preventive measures on the STOP Violence on Children campaign and on methodological measure defining a procedure for doctors having suspicion of CAN syndrome. The thesis is aimed at finding out the extent of awareness of these prevention programmes among the general public as well as professionals. To reach the aim a research was performed in the practical part. A questionnaire investigation among secondary students, paediatricians, child social-law protection workers and police officers was chosen for the research method. Two hypotheses based on the given aim were formed. The first one says that students of the last year of secondary schools in Tábor do not know the STOP Violence on Children campaign. The hypothesis was not confirmed. The second hypothesis says that paediatricians, child social-law protection workers and police officers of the South Bohemia Region are not familiar with the methodological measure defining a procedure for doctors having suspicion of CAN syndrome. This hypothesis was not confirmed either. The Bachelor Thesis may be utilized as a source of consistent information on the CAN syndrome. Its main contribution is in summarizing the awareness of the issues of mistreating, abusing and neglecting children and of preventive programmes aimed at the CAN syndrome among the general public as well as professionals.
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Media and pre-election polls:quantitative analysis of the Czech major daily newspapers before parliamentary elections in 2010
Kálalová, Kateřina ; Kunštát, Daniel (advisor) ; Škodová, Markéta (referee)
The thesis titled Media and Pre-Election Polls: Quantitative Analysis of the Czech Major Daily Newspapers before Parliamentary Elections in 2010, deals with the manner in which the media grasp and process the results of opinion polls focused on the theme of elections, namely pre-election polls. The attitude of the author toward this topic is based on the agenda setting theory, which assumes that the media can, to some extent, set the topics and thus determine how (and that) the audience think about them. In the case of publication of pre- election surveys can therefore media, to some, but hardly detectable extent, influence the citizens-voters. For this reason it is important to focus on how exactly the mass media work with the statistic data and how they make them available to the wide public. Media coverage of these data should be complete and clear in order to prevent misinterpretation and for the data to be correctly handled. Through the quantitative content analysis of media outputs (in total 74 articles) from the five most popular Czech daily newspapers in the period January to May 2010 it was researched if the media work with pre-election polls results properly. Based on the analysis and its results, the recommendations were concluded for the situation to be improved.
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