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Effect of sexual activity on longevity in an insect model
BLAŽKOVÁ, Hana
Current models state that costs of reproduction include the costs of mating and egg production. In the linden bug Pyrrhocoris apterus, the cost of mating was manifested as reduced longevity in both males and females. Mating also affected oviposition pattern, with increased rate of egg production in early ages followed by reduced rate of egg production in later ages. However, different longevity of mated and virgin females cannot be explained in terms of differences in lifetime egg production that was lower in mated females. The independence of longevity on the egg production itself is supported by finding that extirpation of the ovary has no effect on female longevity. Thus, mating seems to affect longevity through pathways outside the ovary.
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Earthquake as a geological process, its prediction and effective protection against it
Stará, Eva ; Vilhelm, Jan (advisor) ; Michálek, Jan (referee)
Summary: The earthquake, one of the natural disasters, affects the lives of people and their properties even in today's advanced age. Seismology and Geology have made a significant progress in understanding the physical and geological phenomenons connected to earthquakes. Thus many consequences of earthquakes can be considerably reduced. Seismic risk estimation and a proper use of antiseismic elements in structures of resistant buildings as well as of early warning systems significantly lowers the impacts of this destructive element. Especially the correct and on-time prediction could contribute to an effective protection from earthquakes but this still remains a challenge for geologists worldwide.
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In situ projects in the protection of Pongo genus in connection with the expansion of oil palm plantations on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra
Talpová, Julie ; Masopustová, Renata (advisor) ; Dokoupilová, Adéla (referee)
This Bachelor Thesis is dedicated to the protection of Bornean orangutan Pongo pygmaeus and Sumatran orangutan Pongo abelii in connection to the expansion of palm oil plantations. The genus Pongo includes Bornean orangutan Pongo pygmaeus and the Sumatran orangutan Pongo abelii. Until recently these species were considered to be subspecies but on the basis of genetic analysis there were significant changes in the taxonomy. It can be assumed that the scheme will continue to evolve. Bornean orangutan is classified as endangered species by the IUCN, Sumatran orangutan even as critically endangered. Their vulnerability is apparent from their way of life. They are long-lived, but slowly reproducing animals. Female brings the first baby to the world after 15 years of age and is devoted to its eight years of age. They are typical representatives of arboreal primates. Trees are their sleeping place, provide them ability to move and serve as food source.
There are several sources of danger. The biggest threat is considered to be the loss of habitat of orangutans because of the establishment of oil palm plantations, logging and fires. These processes cause fragmentation of native habitats and access to forests means a threat of poachers. Elaeis guineensis is grown in Indonesia and Malaysia since the early 20th century and currently these countries produce 84% of world palm oil production. The lifetime of the plantations is estimated at 20-25 years. It is known that the soil is very exhausted after this time, the issue therefore is its future usefulness. The products are palm oil and palm-kernel oil, which are applied in food, cosmetics and industry. Both types of the oils contain high amounts of saturated fatty acids, therefore the WHO recommends to reduce the consumption of these oils.
The aim of the in situ projects in Borneo and Sumatra was originally an effort to return the rescued orangutans to the wild in the first place. Increasingly, however, the projects faced the problem that such animals have nowhere to return, as their original habitats no longer exist. For this reason, the attention shifts to protect the natural habitat of orangutans and existing wild populations, with emphasis on the rigorous quarantine of newly recruited individuals, their social integration into the group, but also educational programs for the public.
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New trends in the treatment of diabetes
Vodrážková, Tereza ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Melicharová, Ludmila (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is the name for the group of chronic diseases, which are manifested as malfuction metabolism of saccharides. It's one of the oldest global disease. 200 milions people, both sexes and all age bracket suffer from it. Diabetes is dividing in DM I.type, which attack 7% of patiens, and DM II.type, which rises from a lot of stress, unhealthy food and absence of sport activities. The objective of diabetes treatment is early diagnosis, which can prevent the expansion of severe insulin deficiency, resistence of insulin and other metabolic disorders. Diabetic treatment includes pharmacology treatment - with insulin and peroral antidiabetics, and unpharmacology treatment, which cooperate with drugs in reducing morbidity and mortality. My dissertation specializes in new types, new production technology and new styles of aplication insulin to the body. It's also targeted the description of new groups of peroral antidiabetics, especially their development and clinical testing. Treatment of diabetes also involves transplantation of pancreas and therapy by steam-cells, which is still only in phase of clinical trials. To good compensation of DM contribute phytoterapy, diabetic diet and recommended sport activities.
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Study of rheological properties of concrete with the addition of low-temperature plasma treated polymer fibers
Gromeš, Vít ; Herka, Petr (referee) ; Bodnárová, Lenka (advisor)
Polypropylene fibers are used in concrete mixtures to avoid early cracks during shrinkage. Low thickness of each fiber and low density are reasons, why these fibers are effective in small dosage. Their disadvantages are smooth surface and hydrophobic character of polypropylene, thus it is necessary to improve their surface for better spread during mixing and to reach needed adhesion between fibers and cement paste. In present time are using chemical solutions applied on surface of the fibers to provide better water absorption, but the trend is reducing of using chemicals in industry and this situation demands new technology. There is possible solution, polypropylene fibers treated by low-temperature plasma. This method was developer by cooperation Masaryk University in Brno with company KrampeHarex and Brno Universiry of Technology. The goal of this thesis is to bring comparison, of influence on rheology properties of fresh concrete, between admixed the fibers with applied chemical layer and low-temperature plasma treated polypropylene fibers.
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Financial services in terms of value added tax
Dobrovolný, Pavel ; Zídková, Hana (advisor) ; Pavel, Jan (referee)
This Bachelor Thesis deals with the matter for financial services from VAT. The theoretical part is devoted to the exempt discharge from VAT without the right to deduct. The practical part is focused on the method of determining the tax liability on exempt discharge and taxable discharge of a model example the tax subject. Conclusion the Thesis is devoted to compare the tax liability when using the full or reduced early deduction.
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Using proteomics for screening of potential breast cancer biomarkers
Garcia N Dua, Felicita ; Ing.Anna Kubesová, Ph.D. (referee) ; Flodrová, Dana (advisor)
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers and the prognosis is closely related to the stage of carcinogenesis process in which it was captured. Lately, attention was focused on the research of new compounds that would reduce the negative impacts of chemotherapy. It was found that retinoids are effective compounds in the fight against cancer. Retinoids have the ability to inhibit tumors of the mammary gland in an early stage of disease. This work deals with the proteomic studies of breast cancer cells and comparing the proteins contained in the cancer cells which were subjected to retinoid therapy. The differences in protein composition were investigated using gel electrophoresis, reversed phase and size exclusion liquid chromatography. The identification and characterization of selected proteins was carried out by MALDI-TOF MS. The use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis led to the identification of molecular chaperons, which are considered to be important biomarkers not only of breast cancer.
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Late effect of perinatal hypoxia and pleiotropic effect of statins on acute ischemia-reperfusion myocardial injury
Malý, Jiří ; Pirk, Jan (advisor) ; Kittnar, Otomar (referee) ; Pudil, Radek (referee)
Background: In last decades there were many experimental interventions protecting myocardium against ischemia but aside from early reperfusion none of them was successfully adopted in clinical practice. In our experimental work we try to apply clinical situations into an experimental condition to find out feasible solution how to influence tolerance of myocardium to ischemia. We choose two actual clinical settings: 1. congenital cyanotic heart defects and 2. hypercholesterolemia chronically treated with statins Aim: To examine: 1. the effect of of perinatal hypoxia to the tolerance of the adult myocardium to acute ischaemia/reperfusion injury with regard to sex; 2. the effect of the acute and chronic statin treatment on the tolerance of the adult rat myocardium to ischemia. (...) The effect of perinatal hypoxia on myocardial infarct size in adult males and females was not demonstrated. 2. Acute administration of statin to rats in vivo significantly decreased infarct size expressed as IS/LV, in comparison to infarct size expressed as IS/AR the protective effect of statin administration was suggested, but did not reach statistical significance. Acute administration of statin during reperfusion significantly reduced the contractile dysfunction. However, this protective effect of statins was not present after...
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Pharmacotherapy of migraine
Koblásová, Anna ; Hrdina, Radomír (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Anna Koblásová Supervisor: Doc. MUDr. Hrdina Radomír, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Pharmacotherapy of migraine Migraine is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by periodic, unilateral, pulsatile headaches that begin in childhood, adolescence or an early adult life. This common primary headache disorder presents a serious medical and socio-economic problem. Opinions concerning an etiopathogenesis of migraine develop gradually. A comprehensive management of headache includes the treatment of the acute attack to relieve the pain and prophylactic therapy to reduce the frequency, severity and duration of attacks. Triptans are considered as the firstline treatment for acute care of migraine attacks, in spite of this some patiens do not respond adequately. Triptans are in some cases ineffective, in other ones contraindicated. The greatest need is for the new specific drugs. Specific mechanisms that participate in pathophysiology of migraine have been discovered and drugs interacting with these mechanisms are registered in the market. Although attacks commonly diminish in severity and frequency with age, it may actually worsen in some postmenopausal women, and estrogen therapy may...
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