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Healthy diet awareness in patients of cardiology clinics
Rejtarová, Anna ; Tuka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Matznerová, Zuzana (referee)
The thesis focuses on the issue of healthy diet in patients of cardiology clinics. The theoretical part of the thesis easily introduces the reader to the problems of cardiovascular disease. Following is a review of the current dietary recommendations, which aims to provide a summary of the current knowledge in the field of nutrition. It is well known that a healthy lifestyle can prevent or alleviate a heart disease. For this reason, the thesis aims to determine the familiarity of patients of cardiology clinics with nutritional and dietary recommendations. In the practical part, the results of the questionnaire survey carried out in thirty one patients of cardiology clinics are presented and discussed. The work is accompanied by an informative leaflet for the patients, which is based on the findings from the practical part. The leaflet can help patients of cardiology clinics to be well versed in the issue of healthy eating.
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Evaluation of animal fat consumption of patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus
Šťovíčková, Jana ; Vrablík, Michal (advisor) ; Šnejdrlová, Michaela (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on animal fat consumption of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Content of thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The main objective of theoretical part is to provide a general description of lipids in terms of distribution, structure, characteristics and their role in human organism. In the following chapters metabolism and transport of lipids is described with more attention to details. The last part of theoretical part deals with animal fats in nutrition, mostly risk factors as a consequence of their increased consumption, and dietary measures as a prevention and therapy of CVD and DM. The practical part of bachelor's thesis is based on assessment survey. The object of this survey was the evaluation of eating habits, mainly the measure of animal fats consumption of patients with CVD and DM. Next object of interest was the evaluation of awareness, knowledge and education these patients have about dietary measures in relation to their disease. Question about the way how are these measures followed by patients was also examined. The survey was conducted in the diabetological center and also in the centre of preventive cardiology of General Teaching Hospital in Prague on patients with CVD and DM. Key words: lipids,...
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Psychosomatic influence on the cause of cardiovaskular diseases? (Psychosocial insight into the world of the patient)
Menšíková, Monika ; Hadaš, Lubomír (advisor) ; Gigalová, Veronika (referee)
Name and surname of the author: Monika Menšíková Institution: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Social Medicine, Department of Nursing Tittle: Psychosomatics influence on the causes of cardiovascular diseases? (Psychosocial insight into the world of the patient) Supervisor: MUDr. Lubomír Hadaš Number of pages: 68 Number of attachments: 6 Year of defense: 2016 Keywords: psychosomatic, cardiovascular disease, psychosocial world, story of life, influence of childhood, influence of stress Summary: This thesis examines with looking at the patient's psychosocial world view of the nurses and the potential impact on the psychosocial field of cardiovascular disease. In the empirical part are collected and analyzed information from the lives of six patients suffering from ill- health are cardiovascular in nature. The talks I had with six patients, and the data was analyzed by open coding.
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Eating habits of clients after cardiac and vascular incidents
Šatrová, Jiřina ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Goláň, Lubor (referee)
The thesis is divided into two parts, the theoretical and research. The theoretical part deals with the issues dyslipoproteinemia and their classification. generally describes a composition of different types of lipid and versatile metabolism. Discusses about the risk factors of atherosclerosis and the originator of cardiovascular disease. Finally analyzes in detail of treatment of dyslipidemia, ie. Pharmacotherapy and summarize the principles of diet therapy, adherence to proper diet and draws attention to preventive measures The aim of the research part is real verification of awareness and level of patient's eating habits after cardiac and vascular insufficiency.
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Spatial patterns of links between temperature extremes and cardiovascular mortality in the Czech Republic
Urban, Aleš ; Kyselý, Jan (advisor) ; Huth, Radan (referee) ; Dobrovolný, Petr (referee)
Name of the thesis: Spatial patterns of links between temperature extremes and cardiovascular mortality in the Czech Republic Author: Mgr. Aleš Urban Previous studies have examined relationships of high and low air temperatures to mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the Czech Republic as a whole. Much less has been understood about possible regional differences in the heat and cold effects on mortality. Within four papers published in international peer-reviewed journals, the author of this thesis investigated links between extreme temperatures and CVD mortality in the Czech Republic while considering in particular differences between (i) urban and rural areas, (ii) regions with different socioeconomic status, and (iii) regions with different physical-environmental conditions. Various biometeorological approaches were compared in order to identify meteorological characteristics affecting heat- and cold-related mortality. Excess mortality was determined as differences between observed and expected daily values, the latter being adjusted for long-term changes, annual and weekly cycles, and epidemics of influenza/acute respiratory infections. Air temperature, biometeorological indices (including the Universal Thermal Climate Index, Apparent Temperature, and Physiologically Equivalent...
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Role of the FTO gene in the genetic determination of common multifactorial diseases
Dlouhá, Dana
Obesity is a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease, diabetes type 2 and some cancers. Newly detected genetic risk factor for body weight is the FTO gene ("fat mass and obesity associated"). The aim of this thesis was determine 1) whether the presence of risk alleles correlate with BMI in Czech population and to determine 2) whether there is an association between variants in the FTO gene and risk of myocardial infarction/ acute coronary syndrome (MI/ ACS), 3) renal failure (ESRD), or 4) incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). We analyzed polymorphisms rs17817449 (first intron) and rs17818902 (3rd intron) using by PCR-RFLP and then also RT PCR. We found an association of the first intron variant (but not the 3rd one) and BMI in Czech control population. We have detected an association of 1st intron SNP and BMI changes during the intervention study in obese children, but not in obese females. We found a correlation between the risk allele and increased risk of ACS (OR 1.49) in patients with MI. In patients with ESRD was detected association between the risk allele and the risk of disease (OR 1.37). We didn't confirmed the association between rs17817449 and the development of CRC. Representative selected groups of the Czech populations "MONICA" and "HAPPIE" were used as controls. One...
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Role of perivascular fat tissue in the development of cardiovascular diseases
Čejková, Soňa ; Ždychová, Jana (advisor) ; Pavlišová, Jana (referee)
Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Adipocytes produce several paracrine bioactive substances that can affect VSMC growth and migration. Our study focused on the ability of epicardial adipocytes to produce bioactive substances together with studying of direct effect of these substances on the VSMC proliferation rate. The gene expression of human cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, RANTES and MCP-1) and adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) was measured in primary cell lines of epicardial and visceral adipocytes, both in undifferentiated and mature statuses. Moreover, adipokine production (IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, VEGF and adiponectin) in conditioned media obtained from above mentioned primary cell cultures of adipocytes was measured by a Luminex assay. The VSMC proliferation rate was measured after co-culturing with CM obtained from primary cell cultures of adipocytes. The epicardial preadipocytes showed an increased expression of IL-8 (3,25-fold, p<0,05) compared with visceral preadipocytes. The expression of the adiponectin in epicardial preadipocytes was markedly decreased in comparison of the expression in visceral preadipocytes (p< 0,0001). Moreover, the gene expression was dependent on the differentiation...
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Oxidative and carbonyl stress,microinflammation and cardiovascular risk in patiens with chronic kidney disease
Peiskerová, Martina ; Kalousová, Marta (advisor) ; Teplan, Vladimír (referee) ; Racek, Jaroslav (referee)
Short summary: Background: High cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease is partly due to mineral dysbalance, microinflammation and oxidative stress. CKD patients accumulate traditional and non-traditional CV risk factors. FGF23, MMPs and PlGF belong among these non-traditional biomarkers of CV risk. FGF23 is a phosphaturic hormone and inhibitor of calcitriol synthesis. It is associated with vascular calcifications. Matrix-metalloproteinases (e.g. MMP-2, MMP-9) are proteolytic, proinflammatory enzymes, contributing to myocardial remodelation. Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a proangiogenic cytokine that is associated with LV hypertrophy in animal model. Plasmatic FGF23, MMPs and PlGF are elevated in CKD. Aim: We aimed to describe dynamic changes between several novel biomarkers of CV risk (FGF23, MMP-2, MMP-9 and PlGF) in CKD stages 1-5, to describe their mutual correlations and possible association with traditional CV risk markers. We studied possible association of laboratory and echocardiographic parameters in patients with CKD stages 2-4. Methods: In a cross-sectional study we evaluated 80 patiens with CKD 1-5 and 44 healthy controls. In a prospective study we evaluated echocardiographic and laboratory parameters in 62 patients with CKD 2-4 for an average study period of 36±10...
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Cardiovascular disease and smoking. Treatment of tobacco dependence and cardiovascular risk
Zvolská, Kamila ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Šteflová, Alena (referee) ; Tuček, Milan (referee)
(EN) Introduction: Tobacco dependence is one of the four major risk factors (RF), cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). Objective: Analysis of CV risk of patients of our Center for Tobacco-Dependent. Methods: A retrospective assessment of the presence of CVD, RF for CVD and CV risk level according to the method SCORE in our patients - smokers from 2007 - 2009 (N = 1,349, 52.2% males, age range 25-64 years, mean age 44 ± 11, 7). CV risk was also evaluated one year after the baseline visit including newly diagnosed CVD RF, abstinence from smoking was validated by carbon monoxide in expired air. The results were compared to those of smokers in the study postMONICA (N = 1,122, 54.5% men, mean age 46 ± 11). Compared to the general population of smokers (postMONICA) significantly more Center patients had automatically high CV risk and CVD. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was comparable as well as prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia in smokers without automatically high CV risk. Significantly fewer Center patients without automatically high CV risk were obese, family history was also significantly lower risk. Significantly more women with low RF and significantly fewer men aged 55-59 and women aged 55-64 with SCORE ≥ 5% came to the Center. Success rate of Center patients with SCORE < 5 % was 44.3 %...
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