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Identification, expression, and characterization of Phlebotomus orientalis salivary antigens
Šíma, Michal
Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are vectors of Leishmania spp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), medically and veterinary important parasites causing leishmaniasis. These protozoans are inoculated into the host during blood-feeding together with the vector saliva. Salivary components are crucial for sand fly female blood-sucking but also play a major role in the initial stage of parasite development. It was demonstrated that this rich mixture of proteins performs different functions after its injection into the host like hydrolyzing ATP and ADP, binding biogenic amines, and others which inhibits the haemostatic reaction and modulate the immune system thus enables the successful feeding. So far, cDNA salivary transcriptomes have been constructed for twelve sand fly species and we added another one - Phlebotomus orientalis, the main vector of Leishmania donovani, a causative agent of human visceral leishmaniasis in East African countries. We described members of thirteen protein families which corresponded with previously published salivary cDNA libraries of other sand fly species and showed the main salivary antigens using sera of experimentally bitten mice and naturally exposed dogs. Specific IgG antibody response is induced against sand fly salivary proteins in repeatedly bitten hosts....
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Relationship between practical wisdom and ethical states in Aristotle
Kudláč, Jakub ; Barabas, Marína (referee) ; Mráz, Milan (advisor)
In our text we examme the relationship between practical wisdom and ethical states in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics. The goal of our work is to define the function of practical wisdom in ethical virtue. We gradually analyze the indiviual parts of definition of ethical virtue from EN II, 6, that is, that virtue is a state concerned with choice which holds the mean relative to us in such a way as a man of practical wisdom would define it. After the analysis of state concerned with choice and practical wisdom we arrive at the determination of practical wisdom as the source of virtuous action; only practical wisdom can be the criterion that pronounces what is bad and good; desire in itself is not capable of deliberation. Following from this a new question arises: how can practical wisdom influence the irrational part of the soul, which is the seat of desire? Practical wisdom, having no direct influence on desire, uses ethical virtue-temperance as it's intermediary. This induces in irrational desire the intention to follow practical wisdom and thus practical wisdom becomes master of desire. We see the contribution of our work firstly in defining the function of practical wisdom in Aristotelian Ethics with greater accuracy and secondly in establishing temperance as a neccessary condition of the other virtues and...
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Using Artificial Neural Networks to Study Non-Linear Properties of Single Neurons in the Auditory Cortex
Hromádka, Tomáš ; Kůrková, Věra (advisor) ; Maršálek, Petr (referee)
Neurony v naších mozcích převádějí informace o okolním světě do elektrických akčních potenciálů. Klíčem k pochopení funkce neuronů, a poté neuronových sítí a mozku, je vědět, které části okolního světa jsou zastoupeny v aktivitě neuronů, a jakým způsobem je tato informace kódována. Tradiční metodou zkoumání funkce neuronu je zaznamenání odpovědi neuronu na podněty různé složitosti a následně snaha vysvětlit přenosovou funkci neuronu pomocí lineárního modelu. Většina neuronů však obsahuje nelineární přenosovou funkci. V této práci jsme použili umělé neuronové sítě ke studiu nelineárních přenosových funkcí neuronů sluchové kůry. Zaznamenali jsme podprahovou aktivitu neuronů jako odpověď na stimulaci přirozenými zvuky a poté jsme použili neuronové sítě v roli nelineárních aproximátorů k odhadu přenosových funkcí neuronů. Umělé neuronové sítě úspěšně aproximovali přenosové funkce a v průměru odhadli funkce neuronů nejméně stejně dobře jako lineární modely. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The role of transport systems for potassium cations in the physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast
Marešová, Lydie ; Sychrová, Hana (advisor) ; Pácha, Jiří (referee) ; Janderová, Blanka (referee)
[n this work, we present the characteristics of kha 1 6,. strains in the background of various multiple mutations in genes encoding alkali-metal-cation transporters. Two main phenotype manifestations of the khal deletion were growth defect on high externa\ pH and hygromycin sensitivity. The correlation between these phenotypes and the kha 1 deletion was confirmed by plasmid complementation. Fluorescence microscopy of GFP-tagged Kha 1 p showed that this antiporter is localized preferentially intracellu\arly (in contrast to the plasma-membrane Na+/H+ antiporter Nha 1 p). Based on these findings, Kha 1 p is probably not localized in plasma membrane and do es not mediate efflux of alkali metal cations from cells (as published before in RammÍrez el aJ., 1998), but is important for the regulation of intracelular cation homeostasis and optima\ pH contro l, similarly as the Nhx l p. The khal deletion phenotypes were complemented by heterologous expression of a plant antiporter AtChx 17, showing that the proteins AfChx 17 and SeKhal could have similar ťunction and that S cerevisiae khal deletion mutants could serve for heterologous expression and characterization of some plant transporters in yeast, especially those localized intracellularly. We also showed that the presence of the Tokl channel strongly infl uences...
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Inform the patient before transurethral resection of the bladder from the perspective of the patient and nurse.
FABINGEROVÁ, Dana
The subject of following bachelor essay is Patient´s Notification - giving information - before transurethral resection of urinary bladder from both - patient´s and nurse´s point of view. As the incidence of malignant diseases not only of urinal tract keeps growing, this topic is becoming more and more pressing. The patient´s education and sharing of information with him is an integral part of daily routine of nursing staff. Satisfactory knowledge contributes to contentment of the patient and thus to successful healing process. In Czech republic bladder tumours account for every 6.malingant disease by men and for every 13.such disease by women. One of the methods used for treating superficial tumours is transurethral resection of the bladder combined with regular cytoscopic dispensarization of the patient. The bachelor essay consists of two parts - theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part deals with nursing care of patients who are subjects of transurethral resection of the bladder because of bladder tumour. It describes in detail the attributes of malignant disease of a bladder, it´s symptoms, treatment, precautions and prognosis. The surgical method of treating superficial bladder tumours (transurethral resection of the bladder) as well as cytoscopic examination of the bladder is thoroughly explained also in this part of the essay. Apart from that the theoretical part pays attention to pre- and post-surgery nursing care of patients indicated to above mentioned treatment. Next chapter talks about giving information to patients, educating them and about knowledgeable consent from a patient before surgery. Five goals were set up for this work. First, to map a range of information, given by urology nurses to the patient, before transurethral resection of the bladder. Second, to find out the most used form of giving such information. Third, to discover how satisfied were the patients with the information. Fourth , to find differences in the content of the information advised to the patient before the first and before any repeated surgery. Fifth goal was to distinguish the variances in the way the patients were satisfied with the information before the first and before any repeated surgery. Empiric part of the essay determines three hypothesis. According to the first hypothesis we presume that verbal notification is most often used for giving information to the patient before transurethral resection of the bladder. Second hypothesis says that those patients who are being prepared for repeated surgery are more satisfied with given information than those who hear such information for the first time. Third hypothesis lets us assume that the range of information given before first surgery is wider that before any repeated surgery. In order to verify each hypothesis a quantitative research was set up. It´s results confirmed first hypothesis, the second hypothesis was disproved. Third hypothesis was also not validated through the results of the research. For the research was chosen quantitative method of data collection from the patients as well as from the nurses, using anonymous questionnaires. These questionnaires were disposed to the patients indicated for transurethral resection of the bladder at Urology in hospital in České Budějovice and Písek. Graphs were created for presentation the results of above mentioned research. Discovered results are being compared in discussion with special bibliography. Presumed output of this bachelor essay was to expand - if needed - the content of knowledgeable consent from a patient before surgery that is given to every patient before transurethral resection of the bladder. As the results of our research clarified that almost 100% patients are fully satisfied with information given to them, we feel that it is pointless to expand the knowledgeable consent from a patient before surgery.
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The Place and Development of the KDU-ČSL in the Czech Political System
Lašťovička, Petr ; Stracený, Josef (advisor) ; Havlík, Radomír (referee)
Naše práce měla několik cílů. Předně jím bylo seznámení se s fenoménem křesťanských stran. Především jakou funkci hrají v politickém prostředí a čím se vyznačují. Druhým cílem bylo popsat historii a vývoj katolických stran u nás, jmenovitě Československé strany lidové, později přejmenované na Křesťanskou a demokratickou unii - Československou stranu lidovou. Zaměřili jsme se především na působení této strany v demokratickém prostředí v období po roce 1989. Neopomněli jsme však ani začátky katolických stran na našem území a působení Československé strany lidové do roku 1989. Hlavní důraz byl však kladen na popis působení strany po roce 1989. Třetím a pravděpodobně nejdůležitějším cílem bylo zařazení Křesťanské a demokratické unie - Československé strany lidové do politického systému České republiky. Zaměřili jsme se na pokud možno širokou škálu faktorů, pomocí nichž jsme analýzu provedli. Na základě námi zjištěných informací a výsledků analýzy se pokusíme ještě odhadnout, jakým směrem se strana bude v nejbližší době ubírat.
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Ego mechanism of defense in alcohol-dependent patients
Červená, Helena ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor)
The objective of this dissertation was to examine the Ego defense mechanisms and defense styles in alcohol-dependent patients. First, we introduced the phenomenon of Ego mechanisms of defense, presented the brief history resumption, outlined the major topics of clinical research interest and described the possibilities of use of defense mechanisms analysis in a clinical practice, particularly in diagnostics and psychotherapy. The Oefense Style Questionnaire (OSQ 40) was used to examine a sample of subjects (n=60) with an alcohol-dependence diagnosis. Bivariate correlation analyses yielded these results: the alcohol-dependence in women was correlated with mechanisms Idealization, Projection, Oevaluation and Isolation of affect, whereas in men with mechanisms Suppression and Isolation of affect. There was no relation between this syndrome and certain defense style approved. These results confirmed the psychogonical etiology of the above problem in women and suggest the connections with neurotic, depressive disorder, borderline and narcissistic personality disorder. In men, the possible connection between the mechanisms Isolation of affect and antisocial personality disorder is expected.
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Synthesis and study of ceramide analogues
Školová, Barbora ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Matějka, Pavel (referee) ; Šklubalová, Zdeňka (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of inorganic and organic chemistry Candidate: Mgr. Barbora Školová Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Kateřina Vávrová, Ph.D. Title of doctoral thesis: Synthesis and study of ceramide analogues Ceramides (Cer) together with free fatty acids and cholesterol form intercellular lamellar space of the uppermost skin layer (stratum corneum, SC). This lipid matrix presents the proper skin barrier - it protects organism against outer environment and keeps its homeostasis as well. The composition and arrangement of the intercellular lipid matrix is essential for the skin barrier properties. In spite of this fact, the organization of SC lipids at the molecular level is not fully elucidated. The aim of this work is to contribute to more detailed insight into organization of skin barrier using SC lipid model membranes, in particular to find the structural parameters in ceramide molecules, which play a role in the maintenance of the skin barrier. The SC model membranes present a useful tool to study SC lipids, they mimic physiological or pathological conditions in the skin. The obtained results should be used in diagnosing or therapy of skin diseases characteristic with impaired barrier function, such as atopic dermatitis or psoriasis....
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Analýza invazivní schopnosti a infekčního potenciálu nově popsaných druhů borelie z komplexu \kur{Borrelia burgdorferi} sensu lato, \kur{B. americana} a \kur{B. carolinensis} na laboratoním modelu infikovaných savců
ŠOLCOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of the study was to analyze the infectious potential of the newly described species, B. americana and B. carolinensis, studied on the laboratory model mammals mice. Our goal was to analyze and compare the vectorial capacity of two different tick vectors, Amblyomma americanum and Ixodes ricinus, in acquiring and transmition of both spirochete species to the host. The results of this study confirmed that ticks A. americanum and I. ricinus are capable to maintain and transmit B. americana and B.carolinensis.We confirmed that both analysed spirochete species, B. carolinensis and B. americana, showed the potential to develop the disease in laboratory model mammal, which indirectly support the fact that both spirochete species might be concidered as the risk factors in the area where they are distributed. Our results shows that A. americanum is able to transmit both spirochete species, which increases that risk of acquiring the Lyme disease to human population in the area of distribution of A. americanum
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Comparison of the institute of subsistence minimum in Czech and Slovak Republic from 1993 to 2015
Feurich, Marek ; Kubelková, Karina (advisor) ; Bartůsková, Lucia (referee)
After the split of the Czechoslovak Federal Republic (CSFR) to the Czech and Slovak Republics in 1993, both countries retain most ČSFR laws, including law no. 463/1991 Sb., o životním minimu. So the starting position was the same for both countries. A number of modifications of the legislative environment, which happened over the years in both countries, provides a suitable space for the realization of comparative analysis. The aim of this thesis is to compare the institute of subsistence minimum (SM) in the Czech and Slovak Republic between 1993-2015, and prove the assumptions that the institute of SM always held in both countries the same function, was highly motivational to reintegrate the unemployed into the workforce, and the greater amount of SM has always meant a higher income for people in material need in particular country. But the conducted comparative analysis does not confirm the assumptions.
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