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Detection of cryptosporidia by means of molecular methods in clinical samples:infection or the transit of oocyst through the host gastrointestinal tract?
MUNZAROVÁ, Lucie
Representatives of the Cryptosporidium family are, from a medical and veterinary aspect, designated as important unicellular parasitic protozoa infecting all classes of vertebrates including humans. Their development cycle is monoxene, which means that its life cycle is completed uniquely in one host. Their exogenous stages of infection development ? oocysts ? are mostly secreted in faeces causing a parasitic disease called Cryptosporidiosis. Generally, it is assumed that isolated cryptosporidia from one class of vertebrates are not contagious for other hosts from different classes, and also, that the majority of cryptosporidia types and genotypes have low host specifity. However, there are many cases where the presence of oocysts was proved, or the presence of specific cryptosporidium DNA in faeces of atypical hosts. With regard to the fact that the majority of genotypes and their potential hosts were described only on the basis of the presence of the specific cryptosporidium DNA in faeces, the question arises as to whether the aforementioned hosts are in all cases perceptive to the given infection, or it was only contamination in a sample or the transit of oocysts through the host gastrointestinal tract. This issue is also characterised as being the main objective of this thesis. The study gives an appropriate answer to this question by a series of experiments. Different isolations of cryptosporidia were used for experimental infection of rodents which were per orally infected and put down after reaching the specified patent period. By means of the combination of standard parasitological and molecular methods, the presence of oocysts and specific DNA of cryptosporidia in faeces and in mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract of infected hosts was observed. The results of this study prove that the transit of oocysts through the gastrointestinal tract can be detected in the interval between 6 and 24 hours after infection, yet not in every case. On the basis of this finding, the first hypothesis which stated that it is not possible to qualify explicitly by detection of a specific cryptosporidium DNA in faeces whether the infection has begun in the host or it is the transit of oocysts through the host gastrointestinal tract, was thus partially proved. On the other hand the second hypothesis stating that the specific cryptosporidium DNA in clinical samples of faeces can be detected only in cases of the host´s successful infection, was rejected.
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Trade-off in antipredatory strategies of reptiles
Staňková, Jana ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Kodym, Petr (referee)
Antipredatory strategies determine to some extent a succes of a prey to survive a predator's attack. Many species developed dozens of antipredatory strategies during an evolution. A certain animal must select one of the strategies to use under certain conditions. This selection depends on many factors and also on the prey's willingness to risk in trade-off with the predatory risk. There is a plenty of strategy types and theories that deal with those. These theories also investigate a trade-off concept which the prey must take into account during the attack. Foods abundance, temperature, daytime, prey's age and condition, fitness and many others interfere the decision of which antipredatory strategy is the most convenient at the time. My thesis deals with the use of a trade-off concept in reptilia's antipredatory strategies. Because this order is very varied and many information is available, I focused on the Sauria class.
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Analysis of the written products of the pupils taughts by the analytic-syntetic method and the genetic method during the first grade
Veverková, Jana ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Sotáková, Hana (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused to the writing skills in an initiatory education of a literacy during the first grade at a primary school. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and the practical part. The theoretical part presents the genesis of the handwriting during the history, the physical and psychical expectations for the assumption of the writing skills, the methodics of two learning methods which are used in the czech education system most frequently and last but not least a list of the evaluated scales of handwriting. In the practical part we present the evaluation scale which were constructed for the purpose of this thesis. This scale monitors a plot of the written children's products, an error rate, an ability of corections and a graphical part. We kept at disposal about 500 written children's products which were collected from 22 classes from 9 schools from three parts of Czech Republic (Prague, Central and South Bohemian Region and Moravia). Children which were involved to the project, they were educated by the analytic-synthetic method or the genetic metod for the education of the literacy. The gained data was a part of the another project which were realized under the auspices of IPPP CR. The data was collected twice a one school year. Therefore we can observe a development of...
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The Life of an Aristocrat on Noble Residence in the 19th Century, on the Example of Fürstenberg
Kaucká, Kristýna ; Županič, Jan (advisor) ; Horčička, Václav (referee)
1 Abstract The Bachelor's thesis deals with the way of life of the Austrian empire aristocracy in the 19th century, namely the Fürstenbergs of the Křivoklát-Lány lineage. It focuses on the important moments in lives of the aristocrats (marriage policy within the Austrian upper classes, family preservation strategies etc.). In the time of great social changes and weakening of the traditional roles of the aristocrats, choosing partners only within the members of aristocracy seemed to be an appropriate solution, how to maintain the existence of this social elite even in the future. The thesis also analyses the circumstances concerning the reconstruction of the castle Křivoklát after the fire in 1826, during which the specialists started to play increasingly more significant role. The context of the contemporary trends and different opinions on architecture are also taken into consideration. Another important part of this work is the issue of nationality, which is closely connected with the role of German aristocracy within the ethnically tensed society of the 19th century. One of the objectives is to describe social changes after 1848 as well. To be more specific, the change in authorities-subjects relationships resulted in enormous amount of money in the hands of the nobility, later using this capital for...
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Impulses of Freinet's pedagogy useful for the czech education
Váňová, Ivana ; Tomková, Anna (advisor) ; Kargerová, Jana (referee)
This thesis is focused on Frenchman Celestin Freinet's pedagogy. The theoretical part first deals with the notion of alternative education and seeks to outline the features of the different types of schools in the Czech republic. In addition, a brief biography focuses on Celestin Freinet and describes the basic features and principles of his pedagogy. This part also examine teaching methods and techniques typical of the pedagogy and focuses in detail on one of them, the school magazine. The practical part documents a case study of one Swiss Freinet's school. It describes methods and techniques that are used there, especially the school magazine creation. The second part is dedicated to the practical experiment, which was carried out in the second class of one Czech school. Experiment focuses on a specific technique of free writing and the possibility of integrating this school magazine technique in teaching at the standart Czech school.
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The German Greens, later Alliance '90/The Greens and their programmatic progression
Chvalová, Lenka ; Havlík, Radomír (referee) ; Stracený, Josef (advisor)
My dissertation is called "The German Greens", later "Alliance '90/ The Greens" and their programmatic progression". In my résumé I would like to summarize my thesis. Firstly there are some important political terms: a political party, a political movement, a civil initiative and an environmental movement. I tried to define them in coherences. The green parties were usually created from the successful political movements. The green parties have a very similar ideology to the ecological movements. The ecological movements work only on environmental problems whereas the Green Party concerns with social, political and economical problems. Secondly the German Green Party belongs to the left political spectrum. The German Green party has a similarly ideology to the Social Democratic Party of Germany. The main supporters of The Greens are young middle-class voters, often students, employees, well-educated people and women.
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The Role of a Pupil and Social Aspects of School
Schröpferová, Kateřina ; Fialová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Piskáčková, Anna (referee)
The role of a pupil and social ASPECTS of the school physical education lessons. Aim: The thesis deals with the social dimension and the role of the student in school physical education. The social dimension is particularly focused on the relationship between individual pupils and between student and teacher. In an additional dimension to the role of pupil detects changes position of the pupil as an individual in an hour, the possibilities of active participation and decisions. The study group are primary school pupil, which have been teached two different clocks. Habitual hour (Traditional), to which they were accustomed pupil teachers and two o'clock hour was progressive (creative), more focused on the student, his autonomy, participation in management, self-esteem but also his own choice of difficulty Exercises like. Methodology: The reference is Sobor schoolgirl fourth to ninth grades (522 female students) elementary Schools in Prague that we have a better comparison divided into two groups: 4 to 6 Class (261 žákyň) and 7 to 9 Class (261 female students). After graduating from the habitual and progressive teaching hours schoolgirl received a questionnaire with 24 items, 4 of which concern the social dimension and 8 student role. For the processing of the results tables have been created in Microsoft...
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Health Education Benefits of Yoga Exercises at Elementary School Program
MALINOVÁ, Kamila
In my thesis I focused on the influence of regular yoga exercise on the improvement of concentration and physical abilities of pupils in the second and fourth grade in elementary schools using a 12-week intervention program. The aim of this bachelor work was to determine whether regular yoga exercise in primary schools has a positive effect on the development and quality of attention and motor skills of children in primary schools. Furthermore, this work aimed to provide teachers in primary schools with a comprehensive set of yoga exercises appropriate for the age group, which will be regularly applied in the classroom throughout the class. 34 pupils took part in this research survey. In both groups, the intervention yoga program was applied during the months of November 2011 to February 2012. Both groups underwent testing of motor skills and technique of incomplete sentences prior to and after the end of the intervention program, the group S2 (fourth grade students) was additionally tested with d2 attention test. A book Dawn that is being prepared by the author Pavel Klimes was selected for the intervention program. To test hypotheses a mathematical method of T-test statistics was used. The observed data showed a positive effect of the intervention program on the improvement of concentration, aspirations and motor skills in both tested groups. Therefore, we can believe that regular yoga exercise that is included in daily school classes leads to improvement of attention and motor skills of pupils and therefore I recommend a regular use of the Dawn in primary schools.
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A Programme for Teaching - The French Beginner in the Third Grade
Kadlecová, Táňa ; Machleidtová, Silva (advisor) ; Müllerová, Eva (referee)
Dans ce mémoire, j 'ai essayé d'élaborer un programme pour le français niveau débutant en classe de troisième qui corresponde au profil de notre école. Comme j 'enseigne dans cette école depuis cinq ans, je connais déjà le milieu et le style de travail qui y est pratiqué. En rédigeant j 'ai analysé la situation dans ma propre classe, la confrontant avec celle de mes collègues dans d'autres établissements. Après avoir validé le niveau des objectifs généraux et les méthodes pour les atteindre avec la coordinatrice du Programme scolaire Mgr. Naďa Černá, j 'ai tenté de tester la théorie avec mes élèves de l'année précédante en mettant en oeuvre les activités prévues (cf. photos illustrant l'atmosphère en classe) et j 'ai constaté que les élèves parviennent à les remplir sans grands problèmes. Peu à peu, j 'arrive également à baser mon plan hebdomadaire (cours, révisions, évaluation des élèves) sur la décomposition de ces objectifs. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Insects. Series of creative lessons for art education on the primary school.
KANKRLÍKOVÁ, Eliška
This diploma thesis presents theoretical and practical materials for primary school art teachers. It deals with the theme of ?Insects? and how it can be taught to pupils from the third to fifth class of primary school. The theoretical part examines the biological, didactic as well as artistic aspects of the topic. The last chapter concentrates on the project method in art education. The theoretical part is followed by a concrete art series consisting of six art activities described in detail. The work is completed with a rich picture appendix, including a CD with motivational PowerPoint presentations.
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