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Radiation corrections to atomic spectra
Patkóš, Vojtěch ; Skála, Lubomír (referee) ; Zamastil, Jaroslav (advisor)
Main aim of this work is calculation of contribution of the selfenergy of electron to atomic spectra. We derive relation for improved Bethe logarithm and perform non-relativistic limit. Then we derive relation for non-relativistic oscillator strengths and recurrence relations for them. This we will use for calculation of Bethe logarithm. Then we derive solution to Dirac equation for electron in Coulomb potential as linear combination of functions whose radial part is similar to non-relativistic hydrogen wave functions. Finally we perform numerical calculation of improved Bethe logarithm for 1s, 2s and 2p states.
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Determination of radiochemical purity of radiopharmaceuticals TechneScan HDP by chromatography using different mobile and stationary phases
RAUS, Klára
Nuclear medicine is a relatively young medical field. The nuclear medicine department performs both diagnostic tests and therapies using open radiation sources whereas the diagnostic use currently prevails. The imaging method used is called scintigraphy and uses a scintillation camera capturing the distribution of administered radiopharmaceutical. Using a scintillation detector, which is incorporated in a gamma camera, the distribution of the radiopharmaceutical in the target tissue can be observed, either after a certain period of time from the administration of the radiopharmaceutical (static scintigraphy) or over time (dynamic scintigraphy). One of the most common examinations performed at the nuclear medicine department is bone scintigraphy. The examination is carried out using osteotropic radiopharmaceutical that binds to bones, thus revealing pathologies caused by the change of metabolic activity. The examination in itself takes place through external detection of the administered radiopharmaceutical. Bone scintigraphy is a very useful examination that is used to detect bone metastases in cancer diseases, to diagnose primary malignant bone tumors, to detect infectious processes in the bones, to diagnose joint diseases, metabolic diseases of the skeleton, and bone injuries. The examination in itself is performed by using radiopharmaceuticals. Once administered, the radiopharmaceutical serves as a diagnostic indicator. This is a medicine that incorporates a radionuclide that emits ionizing radiation. The radionuclides used in nuclear medicine are artificially prepared and transported either as ready-to-use products or as radionuclide generators to the nuclear medicine department. The generator that is the most commonly used at the nuclear medicine department is the 99Mo/99mTc generator. The above mentioned radionuclide generator consists of a glass chromatography column which is located in a lead shielding cylinder. The column contains the adsorbent material (alumina) in which the parent radionuclide is adsorbed. Due to different chemical properties of the parent and the daughter element the daughter radionuclide can be washed out (eluted) by means of a suitable solution. In practice, the radiopharmaceuticals are commonly prepared using kits that are commercially available. The kits are labeled by using sodium pertechnetate solution obtained from the 99Mo/99mTc generator. Prior to the administration of the radiopharmaceutical to the patient it is necessary to carry out the determination of radiochemical purity. The most commonly used is a paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography. In the Czech Republic, 99mTc labelled diphosphonates (e.g. the kits TechneScan HDP, 6-MDP or 8-MDP are used for bone scintigraphy. These osteotropic radiopharmaceuticals are prepared in a shielded laminar box in the radiopharmaceutical laboratory at the nuclear medicine department. The preparation is subject to the manufacturer's instructions. After preparation, prior to administration to the patient, the determination of radiochemical purity needs to be performed. The determination of radiochemical purity of the radiopharmaceutical TechneScan HDP is carried out by using thin layer chromatography (ITLC-SG) by means of 13.6% solution of sodium acetate and methyl ethyl ketone as eluent. However, this determination is demanding for the normal operation of the department in terms of design as well as costs. Therefore, a suitable alternative method was sought. The new method consists in paper chromatography by using 0.9% solution of sodium chloride and acetone as eluent. After 50 determinations of radiochemical purity using pharmacopoeial and alternative methods was found that the alternative method is applicable for the routine determination of radiochemical purity during normal operation of the nuclear medicine department
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The nutrition specifics of patients with chronic renal failure in pre-haemodialysis and haemodialysis programmes.
PAVLÍKOVÁ, Andrea
Chronic renal insufficiency tends to worsen gradually until it gets to the stage of kidney failure, often despite the prescribed adequate treatment. The duration of this period of nephrology dispensarization may differ. Kidneys lose their cleaning ability within ten years, which leads to accumulation of metabolism waste products in the body. If the primary renal disease graduates to the final stage the patient depends on substitute kidney therapy in the form of haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or transplantation. Kidney failure treatment depends on the stage of renal function impairment. Modification of eating habits is also closely related to this fact. In the first stage of insufficiency the diet does not substantially differ from normal healthy nourishment principles. Only later gradual limitation of intake of the individual nutrients is necessary. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to map specific requirements for nourishment of patients suffering from chronic kidney failure that have not been included in a dialysis programme yet, contrary to individuals who already visit a dialysis centre and regularly undertake blood cleaning process. A lot of professional literature had to be studied to obtain necessary information for preparation of adequate diet regimen. Scientific bibliographic publications by Czech as well as foreign authors were used as the source on the one hand and the latest findings resulting from randomized multicentric studies had to be found in journals specialized in kidney diseases and nourishment on the other hand. Nourishment recommendations for patients with chronic kidney failure, which are divided into low-protein diet in conservative therapy and limitation of nutrient intake in patients included in the haemodialysis programme, were elaborated upon the obtained information.
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Comparison of microscopic and instrumental results of individual blood cell types with a focus on platelets
DRÁBOVÁ, Michaela
The aim of my thesis is to determine the number of platelets with different methods; then to determine the cause of the measured differences in the number of platelets, followed by determination of algorithm for reliable counting of platelets. In specific situations, the instrument determination of the levels of platelets may be significantly different from the real situation. The actual number of platelets can be obtained by using alternative methods. Microscopic assessment and determination of the number of platelets in sodium citrate are considered as alternative methods. Hypothesis I. When using alternative methods, different results are obtained in part of the population. Hypothesis II. These alternative methods help us to distinguish between true and false thrombocytopenia. The theoretical part deals with the formation, structure, physiology, function, metabolism and characteristics of platelets. The term of thrombocytopenia is defined. Quality control of laboratory analyzes is mentioned. Different anticoagulant products used in hematology are described. There are also described techniques by which platelets can be determined and interference associated with the measurement of blood cells. The practical part includes the processing of biological material in a test-tube with the purple cap containing anticoagulant EDTA (from this test-tube a complete blood count is provided), while a test-tube with the blue cap contains anticoagulant sodium citrate (this test-tube is only for re-determination of the platelets count). Analysis of biological material was performed by the analyzer Coulter LH 750, Beckman Coulter Inc. The Coulter method measures the size of blood cells due to changes in electrical resistance. Manual processing of biological material was performed using a light microscope Carl Zeiss Inc., the total magnification for observation of platelets is 400 times. Number of platelets is evaluated in Bürker chamber in 20 rectangles. Solution of procaine is used to stabilize and highlight the platelets. In the period of 23rd April - 22nd May 2012 at the department of Clinical Hematology, Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s., I examined the platelets count in two different anticoagulants by using different measurement techniques. This comparison is important because if the difference in the number of platelets found in EDTA anticoagulant compared with sodium citrate is higher than 20 %, the samples could be suspected of pseudothrombocytopenia. The measurement included fifty samples which were selected already with some suspicion according to following two criteria: the platelets count had to fall below 100 x 10^9/l and at the same time we had received analyzer report of the presence of clumps. The measured values of platelets were statistically processed and they are shown in charts and graphs in my thesis. For a better idea there are also pictures - especially histograms showing some changes in the number and volume of blood cells. This research has demonstrated the occurrence of the phenomenon PTCP in 0,052% cases. The difference between the techniques was clearly evident. Microscopy does not reach such accurate results as analyzers. Quantity of samples and speed of implementation can not be compared. Nowadays microscopy is used as an auxiliary technique in those cases where the analyzer is too affected by imperfections (for example formation of clumps) that it gives false platelets count. The disadvantage is the time delay from the sampling to the possibility of counting. By alternative methods we reach eventual verification or modification of first results (for example repeated sampling to another anticoagulant).
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DNA replication and chromatin: From 3D to function
Ligasová, Anna ; Koberna, Karel (advisor) ; Cmarko, Dušan (referee) ; Nedvídek, Josef (referee)
We characterized the spatio-temporal organization of replication sites. In agreement with the previous studies, five different replication patterns were observed during the S phase in HeLa cells at the level of light microscopy. Using the electron microscopy approach, we observed the close association of numerous silver grains at many sites in the early S phase. The labeled sites had discrete sizes in terms of both area and diameter. Moreover, the much larger heterochromatin domains that replicate in the late S phase, and to a lesser extent in the mid S phase, were actually composed of closely-associated, labeled RS with virtually identical diameters and areas as the early-S-labeled RS. The replication sites labeled in the early S phase were maintained as similarly labeled clusters of colloidal gold particles later in the S phase and in the next cell generation. The number of replication sites was similar in the early- and mid-S-phase cells with a slight decrease in the late S phase. The electron microscopy tomography revealed that most of the observed replication sites corresponded to individual replicons. We found that the replisomes operate as tightly-associated couples during replication. Our results concern only human HeLa cells, but considering that the findings on prokaryotic cells and budding yeast...
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The use of the reactor with sludge cloud and external biomass separator for methane production from the substrate for Biogast Plant
ŽIVNÝ, Jakub
The aim of the study was to compere the reactor with sludge cloud and external separator biomass in different modes. This typ of reactor is principally used in wastewater treatment and in this work was designed for production of biogas from biosmass, commonly used in agricultural biogas plants. The reactor assembly was prepared in the laboratory of the available glass flasks, connected by rubber tubing and mixing pump. The entire device was immersed in a water bath heated thermostat. For the purpose of this work was used samples from biogas Týnec near Dobrovice at Mladoboleslavko. The reaktor was injectable liquid portion, formed after adjusment method IFBB (Integrated Generation of Solid Fuel and Biogas from Biomass). The principle of this method consists in separating the liquid and solid components of biomass. Operation of the reactor was carried out in three stirring models: without stirring, medium stirring, intensive stirring. Further, the operation was compared at 40°C and 53 °C in a mode without stirring. This monitoring is carried abut for five hours. The specimens was taken every hour and after drying to COD (determine chemical oxygen demand), which expresses the degree of degradation of organic matter. The results show that the laboratory devie model stirring does not show. However, the temperature change from 40°C to 53°C showed an increased degradation of organic matter.
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ILLUSTRATION X STAGE
Bartůňková, Tereza ; SMOLÍK, Robert (advisor) ; BAŽANT, Jan (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to analyze the issue of illustration, its relationship to scenography and its function in the theatrical context. The work focuses mainly on illustration as a phase in the creative process and its transformation into language on stage. The bachelor's thesis is composed of two larger text units and an appendix containing images. The first part of the work provides an explanation of the term illustration, a historical context, a general overview of the issues related to illustration and the stage, important figures related to illustration, as well as the author's own perspective on this topic. The subjective nature of this work lends more space to the second part, in which the author's own scenographic practice serves as a demonstration and elaboration of the theoretical findings as described in the first part. Indeed, practical experience in the field can effectively represent the claims, which would not fully convey the meanings if they remained only in the theoretical realm. The bachelor's thesis is permeated with images that illustrate the written passages accordingly. Documentation of the auteurial theatre performance Korvína is attached at the end of the work.
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The diaries of Zdenka Braunerová (1873-1883)
Šámal, Martin ; Hojda, Zdeněk (referee) ; Ebelová, Ivana (advisor)
Zdenka Braunerová je v povědomí širší veřejnosti zapsána jako česká výtvarnice, malířka. Přestože sama sebe vnímala a považovala za krajinářku, významná a mnohem více ceněná je především její tvorba v oblasti knižní grafiky. Její přínos a význam pro české umění je dokonce přirovnáván k významu Boženy· Němcové pro českou literaturu. Mnohem méně je již známa skutečnost, že se jedná o první plně profesionální českou malířku. Rozhodnutí stát se nezávislou a soběstačnou umělkyní a především pak jeho realizace, však narážely na zažité představy o postavení a funkci ženy ve společnosti. Z tohoto důvodu se stala jakýmsi symbolem vzepření se proti dobovým konvencím či maloměšťáctví. V minulosti bylo napsáno mnoho biografických, umělecko-historických či populárně naučných publikací, studentských prací i odborných článků zabývajících se životem či jednotlivými aspekty života této malířky. Přesto zájem o život a dílo Zdenky Braunerové neutichá, což lze vysvětlit nejen významem této osobnosti pro českou kulturu, ale také specifičností jejího života, který stále láká k novému zkoumání a objevování nových souvislostí. Vliv na badatelský zájem má nepochybně také neuvěřitelně rozsáhlá pozůstalost rozptýlená po mnoha českých i zahraničních institucích. Toto mimořádně pestré bohatství není stále ještě zcela vytěženo a láká...
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Legal Status of Members of the European Parliament
Hannibal, Marek ; Svoboda, Pavel (advisor) ; Tomášek, Michal (referee)
Postavení poslanců Evropského parlamentu je do značné míry specifické. Je upraveno komunitárním právem, které však nechává členským státům značný prostor pro přizpůsobení některých aspektů mandátu poslance Evropského parlamentu národním zvláštnostem. Toto řešení není zcela ideální, neboť přináší do parlamentního sboru odlišné podmínky v závislosti na stát, ve kterém byli poslanci zvoleni. Problematickým se jeví stanovení odlišných podmínek práva volit a být volen, stanovení neslučitelnosti funkcí, výsad a imunit poslanců, otázka zániku mandátu, stanovení procedury pro nástupnictví náhradníků a v neposlední řadě i finančních záležitostí. Právní roztříštěnost co do formy a rozsahu právní úpravy je pro postavení poslanců jevem téměř symbolickým.
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Glass Plates Manipulator
Zach, Jiří ; Kunta, Zdeněk (referee) ; Foller, Bronislav (advisor)
The object of this diploma work is to project a manipulator for the chaffs of glass, which will be mounted to the cutting machine RKP 01. The function of this manipulator will be a transposition of the chaffs of glass from the supply table to the haul. This manipulator check by calculations. RPK is the cutting machine for the circular-shaped cutouts, from which the saucers are made. Everything will be operated automatically, position of a handling moulding will be located by the sense organs and everything will be controlled by the automat, which was already designed by the firma FESTO FEC 30.
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