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Ifluencing the Demographic Behavior of Chosen Inhabitant Groups by Social Benefits
Vlček, Petr ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Sunega, Petr (referee)
This paper aimes to provide a multidimensional view on the topic of the sustainability of the social system in the long run. Psychology together with sociology indicate that the impact of genetic factors on the forming of an individual into a well-ordered member of society with a normal values is much smaller than the impact of the family and its social capital. Social system aspirates to motivate the needed ones to become financially independent again, but this simply does not work. On the other hand in the attempt to increase the household income especially the socially excluded households chose to change their characteristics in order to get the social benefits rather than to enter labour market. One of the most important and relatively easily changable characteristics in this context is the number of unprovided children in the family. Therefore to get a bigger amount of social benefits they have children. To proove the rationality of such behaviour the concept of the consumption unit is used. This concept quantifies the economies of scale in the common household. The result is that while in the typical family the income per consumption unit steadily decreases with the increasing number of children, in the family without any earnings this income approximatly doubles. The financial situation of the poor family improves with the number of children. This has an adverse effect on the society structure in the long run, because it encourages higher birth rate of the groups that do not contribute to the system. It is possible to lower the birth rate in the unfavourable families and increase it in the typical families by changing the rules of computing the benefits. It is necessary to keep the income per consumption unit independent from the number of children. This can be achieved for example by a tax abatement. It is also advisable to connect the social and retirement system in the manner that the amount of the retirement pension would be affected by the amount of money contributed to the system by the children of the retiree.
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Community property of spouses
Trachtová, Pavla ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee)
62 Při výkladu všech shora uvedených ustanovení o manželském majetkovém právu však musíme přihlížet k obecným ustanovením o povinnostech a právech manželů obsaženým v dílu 4, oddílu 1 návrhu. Ta vedle vymezení pojmu obvyklé vybavení domácnosti, upravují též výživné mezi manžely, jejich vzájemné zastupování. Důležitá jsou též ustanovení o uspokojování potřeb rodiny rozlišující dle toho, zda manželé žijí v rodinné domácnosti nebo odděleně. Obstarávání záležitostí rodiny a rozhodování o záležitostech rodiny stanovují závazná pravidla, kdo a jakým způsobem je v rodinných záležitostech oprávněn jednat. 8. Závěr Úprava společného jmění manželů, jak o ní bylo pojednáno na začátku mé práce, platí již více jak deset let. Lze říci, že je to doba dostatečná k zjištění jejích předností i naopak nedostatků. I samotná skutečnost, že rekodifikace občanského práva s novým uspořádáním majetkových vztahů manželů je na světě, nás nutí ohlédnout se a zhodnotit tuto stále ještě platnou úpravu. Kladně na stávající úpravě hodnotím především její snahu sjednotit manžele i ekonomicky, dle mého názoru, je pro manžele, jejichž prostředky jsou společné snazší finančně zajistit celou rodinu. A protože rodina je institucí, k jejímuž založení zpravidla dochází uzavřením manželství, s nímž je spojen vznik společného jmění, spatřuji toto...
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Correlation of the economic growth and consumption in the Czech Republic
Škorpil, Marek ; Čermáková, Klára (advisor) ; Mirvald, Michal (referee)
The topic of this work is the correlation of the economic growth and final consumption of households in the Czech Republic during the years 2000 - 2008. This work is concerned with the creation of income and consequent consumer behaviour of households. At the dawn of this period is possible to observe ambiguous trend of average propensity to consume (save) but from the 2004 the average propensity to consume (save) has declined (grown). The aim was to confirm the thesis that household derives its consumption not only from the income level, but also from the nominal interest rates. The presumption was not proved probably due to incorrect specification of the model. In this work, the relation between consumption and GDP is not tested directly, but by using the disposable income. On the basis of the successful testing of dependence between particular variables, this work tries to create a model of consumption dependent on the GDP and disposable income. Due to high collinearity between the independent variables, the presumption wasn't confirmed.
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Redistribution aspects of taxes and social insurance in the Czech Republic
Těhlová, Jana ; Klazar, Stanislav (advisor) ; Weberová, Jana (referee)
This thesis is focused on redistribution of wealth in the Czech Republic. It explains the role of public finance and state budget as the main instruments of redistribution. The thesis indicates the factors that affect the degree of redistribution in the Czech society. Key factors for redistribution are the tax system and social and health insurance. The purpose of this work is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that in the Czech Republic there is no equal redistribution of household income. Verification of this hypothesis is made on the basis of data from household budget statistics that are published on the Czech Statistical Office web site.
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Family policy in France
Jindrová, Eliška ; Krebs, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Stočková, Olga (referee)
The graduation thesis concerns the system of family support in France whose position among other national family policies is exceptional, as are the positive natality results. Historical development of French family policy has got considerably deep roots and its functioning has practically not changed since the World War Two. French system relies on a few specific features of which can be mentioned the family allowances awarded to families with two children in minimum independently of family earnings, preference of three-children family model, important role of tax-based instruments and organised representation of family interests. Also specialized help destined to incomplete families and populous families can not be forgotten. Because of the existence of the other ways of support the total financial expenditures in favour of families can not be reduced only to direct support represented by family grants which is often represented in international statistics. Another related problem is the living conditions of families with children, which is in general lower. In France thanks to all the assistance the living conditions get more favorable whereas the families with three and more children being the most advantaged. The system of French family policy can be compared with the Czech system. Situation in the Czech Republic is different especially as regards the magnitude of direct aid which was the main method of family support and targeted the poorest families. But by means of reforms and recently proposed measures the situation has been changing and the possible access to certain attributes of French system can be observed.
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Inhabitant Consumption Statistic
Orendáčová, Jana ; Poláková, Olga (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee)
Main goal of the diploma thesis is to describe household consumption and its survey in the Czech Republic not only from the macroeconomic but mainly from the microeconomic standpoint. Consumption expenditures are the main subject of many long-term analysis and forecasts which help by implementation of economic and politcal precautions. In connection with the historical development of statistic as a scientific disciplin there is also a significant stress on a methodical development of household budget surveys which examine consumption expenditures of different social groups and household types. After the analysis of development and structure of household consumption surveyed by National Accounts and Household Budget Surveys the attention is given also to household consumption in member states of the European Union among which is also the Czech Republic.
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Coping strategies and stress factors of elderly people in their own households and homes for the elderly
BAUEROVÁ, Drahomíra
The thesis determines whether life in home for the elderly in fluence on stress factors and stress management of seniors. The theoretical part is devoted to the description of old age and their specific needs, changes in old age and elderly living. The second chapter is devoted to the general definiton of stress and its context, response to stress, psychosomatic dimension of stress. Charakterizes the stress factors, their categories and stress factors related to home for the elderly. The last area of the theoretical part contains the definition of coping strategies, ways of coping and the factors that affect it. The practical part contains a survey that aims to determine and compare stress factors and coping strategies of elderly people in their households and homes for the elderly. Partial goals were to describe the stress factors and coping strategie for all seniors and to find different by sex stress management seniors. And then describe what coping strategies used by all seniors. The data was used to determine coping strategies inventory (CSI). The study involved a total of 51 respondents, including 26 respondents were interviewed in their own households and 25 respondents in homes for the elderly.
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Literacy of IS/IT in Czech republic
Gezo, Pavel ; Doucek, Petr (advisor) ; Klas, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the level of information literacy IS/IT in Czech republic based on comparison with surrounding states of European territory. Countries were chosen by number of inhabitants and their membership or long term cooperation with European Union. 16 countries meet given conditions - Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Lithuania, Latvia, Hungary, Austria, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Finland, Sweden and Norway. Countries were divided into 2 categories according the date of admission to European Union. First group were formed by so called "old" countries with Norway and in the second group were countries accepted to European Union in 2004 and 2007. The goal of this work is compare the level of information literacy IS/IT of Czech Republic with 16 chosen countries in 5 areas acting in information society -- i2010 benchmarking indicators and e2005 Policy indicators, computers and the Internet in households and enterprises, e-commerce by individuals and enterprises, structural indicators of information society and research and development. Final thesis analyses/subscribe years 2005 -- 2007 and presumable future development not only in the area of information literacy, but also information society.
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Inflation And Real Income Of Households In View Of Public - January 2017
Červenka, Jan
A third (33%) of people believe that for the income of their household they can buy or pay less than a year ago, 53% believe that the real income of their households is about the same as a year before, and 11% of respondents said that their real income during the last year has increased. 51% of Czech citizens consider current inflation to be acceptable, 29% of people share the opposite opinion. 44% of Czechs expect that this year they will be able to buy less goods and pay less services for the same amount of money than the last year.
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