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Diagnosing vascular prosthesis infection by means of the FDG-PET/CT
Špaček, Miroslav ; Bělohlávek, Otakar (advisor) ; Vojáček, Jan (referee) ; Gregor, Zdeněk (referee)
Introduction: Vascular prosthesis infection (VPI) is a life-threatening complication in 0.5- 5% of cases. Early and reliable diagnosis is a necessity for adequate treatment. Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard diagnostic method used world-wide with excellent results, but in cases of advanced graft infection. Low grade infections in non-acute patients are a diagnostic challenge requiring a new method with good diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this work is to define the accuracy of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in these settings and to identify essential parameters of its evaluation. Material and Methods: Seventy-six consecutive patients with total of 96 vascular prosthetic grafts in which infection was suspected underwent PET/CT examination prospectively. PET/CT scans were analysed in terms of presence and intensity of focal and diffuse FDG uptake, presence of anastomotic pseudoaneurysm, irregular boundary of infiltration, combination of these, and uptake ratio between graft and blood background. Also, other parameters like white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and microbiological cultures were tested. The final diagnosis (gold standard) was based on operative/histopathological finding or >6 months clinical follow up. Results: In our series the prevalence of VPI was 57.3 % (55/96 prostheses). Among various...
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Vascular Calcification and Bone Demineralization in Patiens with Chronic Renal Failure
Mareš, Jan ; Opatrná, Sylvie (advisor) ; Topolčan, Ondřej (referee) ; Spustová, Viera (referee) ; Štěpán, Jan (referee)
Background: Patients treated with chronic dialysis show extreme mortality, particularly due to cardiovascular disease. Renal failure is associated with different risk factors of cardiovascular complications than those defined for non-renal population. One of these factors, currently considered most important, are vascular calcifications. At the same time, patients on dialysis regularly suffer from derrangements of calcium-phosphate metabolism, including skeletal demineralization. As a consequence, both incidence and prevalence of bone fractures are high. Aims: This study therefore investigates vascular calcifications and skeletal demineralization, their clinical implications and associations in patients treated with long-term dialysis. Methods: Two groups of patients were examined in a prospective manner (follow-up > 1 year); 32 patients treated with peritoneal dialysis and 72 treated with regular hemdodialysis. Treatment parameters and biochemical markers of calcium-phosphate metabolism were monitored throughout the study. Bone mineral density of lumbar spine (together with vertebral fractures) as well as coronary artery, valvular and aortic calcifcations were determined repeatedly. All radiological parameters were measured during one computed-tomography scanning session. Results: A significant...
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The role of radiologist assistant in diagnostic examination of the brain
Váchová, Kateřina ; Kynčl, Martin (referee) ; Lisý, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis describes the role of the radiological assistant in diagnostic examination methods, while the brain was chosen as the examined area. The introductory part deals with brain anatomy; as for its anatomical composition, the brain shows a very complex nature, and therefore I focus only on fundamental anatomical structures in this thesis. The essential principle of CT and MR is explained, as well as structural elements of the apparatuses, their types, types of sequences and ways of display. Contrast substances are applied in a considerable number of examinations, they are thus mentioned in this thesis, as well. Another important issue concerns radiation protection when working with ionizing sources. The next part describes the most significant examinations and the radiological assistant's role in such examinations. Fundamental imaging methods of examining the brain include computer tomography and magnetic resonance. These methods make it possible to localize accurately and very quickly intracranial bleeding, tumours, inflammations, development anomalies, degenerative changes, vascular malformations and their complications, necroses, traumas etc. The final part of this thesis compares the advantages, drawbacks and benefits of each of the methods mentioned. The thesis includes a research part, as well....
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The influence of the seed treatment on the milk thistle achene yield
HRDLIČKOVÁ, Helena
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) is an ancient medicinal plant valued for its content of silymarin complex. These substances are albe to protect liver cells from damage by toxic substances. The aim was to assess the potential effect of milk thistle seed treatment (thermal water, Vitavax and Polyversum) on plant health and thus the seed yield of the crop by the form of small-area experiment. I have focused on plant height, number of plants per a square meter, number of inflorescencae per plant, number of achenes in inflorescencae, TGW, weight biomass yield and germination of produced achenes. During growth there was observed the incidence of diseases and pests. The results show a positive effect on the development and yield of achenes.
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Biochemical diagnosis and monitoring of disorders of renal functions in critically ill patients
Balík, Martin ; Kazda, Antonín (advisor) ; Tesař, Vladimír (referee) ; Schück, Otto (referee)
Aims: A systematic approach to renal function monitoring using information taken by means of renal function tests calculated from serum and urine specimen has not been comprehensively explored. The application of analysis of natriuretic peptides and low molecular weight proteins in diagnosis of advanced renal failure has not been tested in critical ill patients. The performance of continuous renal replacement therapy depends on adequate anticoagulation of the extracorporeal circuit. Prostacyclin as one of the newer agents has not been compared to citrate which may be considered a standart agent in many intensive care units. Changes of distribution volume of antibiotics have been a matter of debate in terms of dosage alteration but have not been assessed clinically at the bedside using other tools than a pharmacokinetic model. Methods: Establishing computer programme calculating various renal function tests allowed us to monitor the effects of diuretics, osmolality shifts, disorders of urine acidification and progression of renal insufficiency towards acute renal failure. Creating a functional model of acute renal failure serves as a tool for further studies on renal replacement therapy. A relationship between residual diuresis and levels of natriuretic peptides and cystatin C were studied before and...
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Dysfunction of Endothelium in Relationship to Experimentally Induced
Černý, Dalibor ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Štaud, František (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Rigorous Thesis - Abstract Name: Mgr. Dalibor Černý Year: 2007 Dysfunction of Endothelium in Relationship to Experimentally Induced Anthracycline Drugs' Toxicity Endothelial dysfunction is defined as functional lesion of endothelium, characterized by increased permeability of vessel wall, by imbalance among vasoactive, coagulative and proliferation influencing active substances, in result leading to increased expression of cell adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, which are considered as standard morphological markers of its progress. Adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 play an important role in building-up of inflammatory reaction and take part in various pathological stages. They are expressed by endothelial cells, by scavenger cells, macrophages and smooth muscle cells. The aim of this rigorous thesis was to examine whether long-lasting daunorubicin administration leads except of significant changes in heart also to the progress of endothelial dysfunction. Imunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of these adhesion molecules. Then, the selected heart parameters like LVEF (left ventriculum eject fraction), FS (fractional shortening) and dP/dtmax index, that means peak...
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Longitudinal Monitoring of Efficiency in 400 m Womens's Running in the Top World Competitions in 1983-2005
Řebíček, Jan ; Kaplan, Aleš (advisor) ; Hojka, Vladimír (referee)
Title: Longitudinal monitoring of efficiency in 400 women's running in the top world competitions in 1983 -2005 Goals of the work: The main goal of this work is to compare the results of the finalists in women's 400 m runs at the world championships during 1983 - 2005. Results of competitors were always monitored from the run ups till the finals and we were concentrated on the times of the runs, ranking and speed of the competitors. The integral part of this monitoring was also comparing the anthropometric characteristics of the finalists. Philosophy of the work: In this part of my work we have concentrated on monitoring fmalists of the 400 m runs at each world championship (which means 8 fastest runners). For these runners, we have monitored the performance in all the sequential runs, in the run up, quarterfmal, semifinal and the final. We have also gathered the data consisting of times, ranking, running speed and anthropology characteristics of the finalist. We have mutually compared all these data. Results: Total average age of all fmalist that participated at world championships during 1983 - 2005 is 26,09 years. An average high of the fmalist in monitored period is 171,03 cm. An average body weight is 60,4 kg. An average values for individua! indexes are as follows: for BMI 20,66, for BI...
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Longitudinal Monitoring of Sprinters Effciency in 400 m Men's Running in the Top World Competitions in 1983 - 2005
Racek, Pravoslav ; Kaplan, Aleš (advisor) ; Hojka, Vladimír (referee)
Name: LONGITUDINAL MONITORING OF SPRINTERS EFFICIENCY IN 400 M MEN'S RUNNING IN THE TOP WORLD COMPETITIONS IN 1983 - 2005 Goal: The main goal of this essay was to compare the results of eight fmalists in 400 m running during 1983-2005. The results were monitored from heat to final. The key issue of this essay was comparing of anthropometric characteristics of the fmals and depicting these characteristics to graphs. Methodology: The methodology of the diploma thesis consists mainly of monitoring of chosen fmalists in 400 m running from each world championship (i.e. 8 fastest sprinters). Efficiency of this finalists was monired from beat to final. The basic anthropometric data were also stored. All these parametres were compared to their counterparts. Results: The total average age of all man finalists, who took part in W orld Championship in years 1983 - 2005, is 25,23 years. The total average height of all man finalists is 184,15 cm in monitored period. The body weight ofsprinters is in average 75,52 kg. The average rates of separate indexes are: BMI is 22,27, BI is -8,60 and QI is 409,80. The total average time of all finalists in 400 m running is 44,90 s. The winners ran in average 44,14 s and the medallists 44,45 s. Keywords: Structure of sports peďormance, 400 m men 's sprints, Body mass index,...
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Longitudinal Monitoring of Sports Efficiency in Menś 110 m Hurdles Running in the Top World Competitions
Řehák, Martin ; Kaplan, Aleš (advisor) ; Korbel, Vladimír (referee)
Name: Longitudinal monitoring of sports efficiency in men·s llOm hurdles running on the top world competitions Project goal: The major goal ofthis essay was to compare the results of finalists in men's 110 m hurdles running on World Championship in Athletics during years 1983 - 2005. The results of finalists were monitored from heat to final and were specialized in the time in running, in the position, in the speed of competitors and in their reaction times. The comparison of anthropometric characteristic was next part ofthis work. Methodology: The methodology of the diploma thesis consists mainly of monitoring of selected finalists in men's llO m hurdles running from every World Championship (it means 8 fastest competitors).We followed by these competitors the performance in all progressive running: in heat, quarter-final (in years 1995, 1997, 1999), semi-final and final. We compared datas about times, positions, speed of running, time reaction and anthropometric characterestics of finalists. All these parametres were compared to their counterparts. Results: The total average age of all man finalists, who started in World Championships in years 1983 - 2005, is 26,27 years. The total average body weight of all man finalists in our monitoring period is 78,91 kg. The total average body height of...
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Optimization and Statistics
Fink, Jiří ; Kratochvíl, Jan (referee) ; Loebl, Martin (advisor)
One of the basic streams of modern statistics physics is an effort to understand the frustration and chaos. The basic model to study these phenomena is the finite dimensional Edwards-Anderson Ising model. In discrete optimisation this corresponds to the minimal T-joins in a finite lattice with random weights of edges. This thesis studies a random join which is a random path between two given vertices. The original definition of the random join is very complex, and we have managed to find an equivalent one which is more natural. We use our definition to exactly compute the random join on circles. We also propose an algorithm which finds the shortest path in a large lattice with given weights of edges. This algorithm can be used for an experimental study of the random join.
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