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Biologie rozmnožování u raků
NIKSIRAT HASHJIN, Hamid
The ultrastructure of spermatozoa from six crayfish species were described. The acrosome complex and nucleus are located at the anterior and posterior of the spermatozoon, respectively. The acrosome complex organelle is divided into two main parts: the main body of the acrosome that is a dense inverted cup-shaped structure and organized into three layers of differing electron densities and extended parallel filaments, and the sub-acrosome zone occupying the central part of the acrosome complex, which is divided into two electron dense areas. The spermatozoon of Orconectes limosus is described for the first time. In addition, an acrosome spike in the spermatozoon of Procambarus clarkii is described. Despite a well conserved general structure and similarity of pattern among these spermatozoa, differences in the dimensions of the acrosome within the studied species may be useful to help distinguish the different crayfish. The ultrastructure of the spermatozoon and spermatophore wall of the narrow clawed crayfish Astacus leptodactylus during three stages including freshly ejaculated, post-mating, and after release of the spermatozoon were described and compared. The crayfish spermatophore consists of a sperm mass enveloped by a three layered spermatophore wall. After mating, the thickness of the outer layer of the spermatophore is increased. The matrix in the middle layer of the spermatophore becomes reticulated, and granules inside this layer release their contents. Fibers in the inner layer degrade to small particles. The spermatozoon capsule swells and space between the capsule and the spermatozoon appears. The area of the plasma membrane is increased by wrinkling of the surface and alteration from a single to a multilayered structure at the anterior part of the acrosome. The density of the subacrosome zone increases in the vicinity of the main body of the acrosome. With the onset of fertilization, the layers of the spermatophore are dissolved by female glair glands secretions. The capsule, plasma membrane, and membranous lamellae are eliminated, and bundles of filaments are released. The subacrosome zone loses electron density and retracts. The electron-dense material of the innermost layer of the acrosome is discharged and, together with filaments, forms a filament/droplet structure at the anterior part of the spermatozoon. The most important change is observed in the subacrosome zone, which may play a key role in the fertilization. Also, morphological changes of the spermatozoon after release from the capsule, especially formation of the filament/droplet structure, may contribute to the mechanism of egg-spermatozoon binding in the crayfish.
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Effect of soil water phase change on the soil temperature oscillation
Trlica, Ondřej ; Vlach, František (referee) ; Bečkovský, David (advisor)
This thesis deals with the study of soils freezing in terms of phase change of water contained in the soil strata on green roofs. The aim of this work is to verify the effect of phase transformation of water on the course of temperature oscillation. First described the basic characteristics of soils generally, and subsequently described processes occurring during phase transformation of water in the soil and has been carried out experimental verification of the effect of moisture in the soil on the course of temperature oscillation. In the overall evaluation of the work, an analysis of the effect of phase change water in soil on the course of temperature oscillation and the resulting conclusion of work.
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Broadband impulse signal generator
Kelbler, Petr ; Szabó, Zoltán (referee) ; Drexler, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with problem of generating very short voltage impulses. At the first, it considers the most common shapes of impulses, their parameters and relationship between time and frequency domain. Then it presents possible applications of such impulses. Following part of the thesis theoretically describes techniques for generating very short impulses and their typical conceptual schematic. The techniques for generating very short impulses are compared from different points of view and the most suitable technique is chosen for further realization. The theoretical parameters are checked by simulation. At the end of thesis, construction of designed generator is described, measured parameters are compared in time and frequency domain and the practical use of generator is characterized.
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Automated GUI Generation for functional data structures
Podloucký, Martin ; Pergl, Robert (advisor) ; Hric, Jan (referee)
This thesis addresses the problem of automated graphical user interface generation for functional programs. First an analysis of current state in the field of automated GUI generation is performed. Based on the analysis the concept of Functionally Structured User Interface (FSUI) is introduced. Meta-data system for code annotation is then specified for the Clojure programming language and a transformation from this system to FSUI data model is implemented. Finally a graphical layer for displaying the actual interface is implemented in Clojure. Benefits of this approach are demonstrated by proof-of-concept case study.
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SPARK PLASMA SINTERING OF BALL MILLED AND ATOMIZED POWDER BASED ON Fe-Al
Šíma, V. ; Minárik, P. ; Chráska, Tomáš
High-quality compacts were prepared using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method from powders of similar composition Fe-Al-Zr-B. The properties of the sintered compacts are strongly dependent on the morphology and properties of the feedstock powder. The first powder was obtained by ball milling of the as cast alloy and the second was prepared by atomization under argon atmosphere. The morphology and structure of the two powders are compared and mechanical properties and microstructure of compacts prepared under the same conditions of the SPS procedure are discussed. The milled powder has an irregular morphology and shape of the polycrystalline particles, which have a completely disordered BCC structure with considerable internal stresses, high concentration of structural defects and the presence of aluminum oxide. The atomized powder particles are nearly spherical, polycrystalline with ordered B2 structure, with no significant signs of internal stresses and oxidation. Microhardness of particles of both powders was measured and compared with the microhardness of compact materials, the results of compression tests of compacts at room temperature were compared and discussed.
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Methods for identification of PHA producing bacteria
Skřivanová, Veronika ; Turková, Kristýna (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with testing, optimazing and comparing methods for the identification of bacteria producing polyhydroxyalkanoates. Work included cultivation and microscopy methods, wherein the bacterial cells were stained with lipophilic dyes Nile red and Sudan black. Further, we also used flow cytometry and spectroscopic methods - Raman spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation, and molecular biological methods, which analyzed the presence of a gene encoding PHA synthase (phaC) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR assay consist of two reactions, the firt on eis based on amplification of phaC gene along with 16S rRNDA gene, which is common for all the bacteria (multiplex PCR). The second reaction is focused on specific amplification of PHA synthase catalyzing biosynthesis of mcl-PHA. In order to overcome false positive results typical for methods analyzing genotype and also to avoid false negative results occuring in fenotype analyzing methods, the best strategy is to combine both aproaches. According to our results, analysis of presence of phaC gene by PCR can be combined with methods capable of determining presence of PHA in bacterial cells. For this purpose, Raman microspectroscopy seems to be very promising tool, since it is able to detect low content of PHA in cells and PHA can not be confused with other lipid metabolites. The results provide an overview of test methods, their advantages and disadvantages and also to compare different criteria according to which it is possible to choose the method of identification in depending on the adjustable requirements.
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Interpretation of the Snow Queen Story in Terms of Depth Psychology
MÁČOVÁ, Nina
This thesis is focused on the analysis of Andersen's Snow Queen. At first it paraphrases the classical form of Andersen's version of this story. It delineates what we know about the topic, it defines the concepts and basic meanings which can be discovered in this fairy tale. It also focuses on the other shapes of the tale and it looks for another variations of the topic. Than it uses the gained knowledges for interpretation of pictures.
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The Fruit Beers Popularity in the Czech Republic
Balaštík, Milan ; Maier, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lukáš, Lukáš (referee)
The main topic of this thesis is the popularity of fruit beers in the Czech Republic. It describes a generic distribution of fruit beers, both abroad and in our country. Shows an overview of large and small manufacturers in this category in the domestic market. It focuses on the current situation flavored beer on domestic and foreign markets, according to the latest data. Based on the survey are analyzed consumer preferences in the domestic market. They are then formulated breweries general recommendations arising from the outcomes of the survey. Subsequently, using basic statistical methods detected significant correlation between the consumption of flavored beers and gender and between consumption and age of respondents. If so, then it determines the strength of this dependence. It was found that while significant correlation was demonstrated in sex exists between consumption and age of the respondents. The strength of this dependence was assessed as moderate. It was finally drafted forecast consumption of mixed drinks based on beer in the Czech Republic. The analyzed time series contained the actual annual data maintained by the Czech Beer and Malt Association from 2012 to 2015. The forecast was calculated for the next two years. It was found that consumption of mixed drinks based on beer in the future will continue to decline.
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Spectrofluorimetric assay for activities of aldo/keto reductases
Zavřelová, Iva ; Skálová, Lenka (advisor) ; Kubíček, Vladimír (referee)
The aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are one of the three enzyme superfamilies that perform oxidoreduction on a wide variety of natural and foreign substrates. It's possible to specify their activity spectrofotometrically, but this method isn't selective and specific enough. On the base of fact, that all AKRs are dependent on nicotinamide cofactors for catalysis, whose reduced form has fluorescence properties, in contrast to oxide form, there is one possibility - application spectrofluorimetry - we can determine AKR with the aid of continuous monitoring of NADPH/NADP+ transformation. This project deals with conditions of optimisation of spectrofluorimetry determination of acenaphthenol dehydrogenase in subcellular fractions (cytosol and microsomes) from rat liver homogenate and in cytosol of MCF-7 cell line. Obtained results proved that spectrofluorimetry can be use as a perspective method for acenaphthenol dehydrogenase activity determination. The selectivity, sensibility and easy implementation represent the advantages of this method. Further optimisation using other substrates and inhibitors will be necessary. The risk of microsomes interference in cytosolic enzyme preparation should be taken into account.
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The Overture to the First Version of the Opera King and Charcoal Burner
Myslivcová, Eva
The issue of different versions of works of music is one that is discussed in the case of Antonín Dvořák (1841-1904), and in a certain sense it is connected with the theme "old and new", when an older, earlier, or first version becomes the basis for a newer one. This text focuses on a specific example of different versions, that of the overture to the first setting of Dvořák's opera King and Charcoal Burner from the year 1871. An overture which, as an integral part of the opera, was based on the musical material contained in the work, which eventually was never performed. And at the same time an overture that was the only part of this opera to "survive", was later transformed by the composer himself to a concert overture and thus became an independent work, while the opera's libretto was set to new music. This is in a nutshell the rather complicated genesis of the opera King and Charcoal Burner, during which the Concert Overture in F Major took shape as a new composition, created from the musical material of an old one.
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