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Sexual transmited infections, trends and distribution after 1989 in district Nymburk
Rychtaříková, Petra ; Dáňová, Jana (advisor)
My graduation theses is focused on sexually transmitted diseases and trend of their frequency in Nymburk region. I am convinced this subject matter is actual and very interesting for their various and wide spectrum. Goal of my work refers to global serious problem of frequency of sexually trasmitted diseases. Increase of incidation of sexually tramsmitted diseases is caused by growing prostutution, sexual promiskuity, risk sexual behaviour and sexual turism. In theoretical part of theses I desribe particular disease in term of their etiological agent, clinical picture, diagnostic and preventive that is very importat in fight against described diseases. Practical part is focused on description of their appearance in region Nymburk and further I am focused on one of the most serious form primary prevention sexually trasmited and presently very disccused disease HIV/AIDS. In concerned of interactive performance which gives young people possibility gets up basic knowledge ways of trasmission HIV virus, others sexually trasmitted diseases and think about self attitudes and behaviour in possibly risk situations. Graphic documentation of particular diseases and tables with graph relating to appearance of these diaseases is attached.
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The Material culture of Prague Castle in the Early Modern period in light of archacological finds
Blažková, Gabriela ; Klápště, Jan (advisor) ; Žegklitz, Jaromír (referee) ; Stephan, Hans - Georg (referee)
The material culture of Prague Castle in the Early Modern period in light of archaeological finds Gabriela Blažková Abstract The main goal of this work was to introduce Early Modern finds of material culture from Prague Castle. Preliminary is presented definition of post-medieval - Early Modern period and Early Modern pottery. An overview of the studies published on the Early Modern period with an emphasis on finds of material culture, especially pottery and glass from Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia is following. Prague Castle in the Early Modern Period chapter provides a summary of the historical and building development of Prague Castle during the 16th and 17th centuries. The emphasis is placed on introducing the social composition of Prague Castle residents in the Early Modern period in the chapters Historical Images of Prague Castle and Historical Plan Documentation are presented the oldest images of Prague Castle and plan documentation of the castle. Crux of dissertation work is in the analysis of material culture. Step by step I analyzed seven cesspits and one waste feature from Prague Castle. Maximum attention was paid to the pottery component of find assemblages. A unified scheme was maintained for the analyses of individual cesspits. Ceramics finds were evaluated from morphological, technological and...
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Repletion Municipal Plan as a Planning Tool - Documetation vs. Reality
Hrudková, Magdalena ; Perlín, Radim (advisor) ; Treml, Václav (referee)
Spatial planning is a science that draws from the natural, technical and social sciences, and also penetrates into the sphere of economic, social and environmental spheres. It also responds to changes in social conditions. The task of land use plans, as long document is to respond to past developments, contemporary trends and to support future development. Regional plans made in the 90 years later, in the environment of the new political regime had an important role to capture and promote regional development. Among the cities which have sourced a new political conditions, land use plan, and belonged to Plzen. The effectiveness of Pilsen development plan of 1995 was forecast over 15 years, until last year. In the case of efforts on the evaluation of the development plan, it is necessary to take into account the changing conditions in various companies. If we respect the impact of these changes, then evaluate the good or bad the plan is not possible. For this reason, in this work are treated to a sort of reflection on the repletion of the city plan of Pilsen.
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The Toxicity of Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Tumours
NESEJTOVÁ, Šárka
Abstract The fundamental theoretical findings Head and neck tumours make up approximately 2-3% of all malignancies in our country. There is 4 times higher occurance at men population than women one. It is just smoking which belongs to important susceptible risk factors. The main therapeutic methods are operation, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biotherapy and their combinations which carry, however, the risk of higher toxicity. The radiotherapy aim is to add the required dosage of ionizing radiation to target volume while maximally protecting treated organs. In order to decrease side effects the bearable radiation procedures are being developed which are trying to improve dosage distribution in target volume and decrease a dosage on surrounding good tissues. The level of treatment toxicity is one of the indicators for treatment effect evaluation. Basically we distinguish acute and chronic toxicity. The most often acute side effects of radiation of head and neck tumours are radiodermatitis, mucositis, xerostomia and dysphagia. Late toxicity is typically resulting in skin and mucous membrane atrophy, pharynx fibrosis and chronic decrease of salivation. Aim The aim of my thesis is to find out whether radiotherapy toxicity with my monitered sample is comparable with expert sources and whether its occurance is influenced by smoking. I have also done research if there is a difference between operated and non-operated patients with the level of side effects of radiation because the multimodal treatment is connected with a higher risk of toxicity. Research procedures My thesis is a theoretical research nature. In order to verify my hypothesis I have used the method of quantitative research with retrospective data collection from medical file archive of the Oncological department in the hospital České Budějovice a.s. In my selective sample I filed the patients who were being treated during 2009 - 2011 at the radiotherapeutical department of Hospital České Budějovice a.s. regardless age, sex, smokers or nonsmokers with an early degree of disease according to TNM classification. I have chosen the patients having neoplasm of larynx, oropharynx, tongue, hypopharynx or oral cavity as they are found at head and neck areas most often. The sample included both patients who had undergone only radiotherapy treatment and also those who had undergone adjuvant cancer therapy after a surgery. The common feature was a degree of side effect radiation and its dependance on smoking. The toxicity degree was evaluated by RTOG scoring for acute toxicity. Results In total I have evaluated 48 patients who met the criteria mentioned above. The Hample was made up of 88% men and 12% women . The average age of patients at the beginning of radiotherapy was 63,5. The most significant part were the ill with larynx tumours who made up 69% of all irradiated, the least occurance count hypopharynx /only 2%/. Smokers represent 29%, nonsmokers 11%, other patients were ex-smokers. 48% of patients were irradiated conventionally, 52% via an IMRT method. 31% of patients underwent adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery, the others only radiation. The most often side effect radiation occurred on skin, mucous membrane, pharynx, less occurance on salivary glands. Conclusion Ionizing radiation damage both malignant and good cells so we have to always consider damaging a good tissue while doing radiation. The sample of acute toxicity occurance seems to lower compared to an expert Study. A higher rate of acute side effects at smokers was not proved, however, the monitored sample shows a significant minority of nonsmokers so comparison does not have to be quite relevant. The nonoperated sample showed fewer side effects at early stage compared to the operated. It was not possible to statistically evaluate late toxicity.
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Quality of life and physical aktivity in young patients after acute myocardial infarction
Zídková, Miloslava ; Daďová, Klára (advisor) ; Majorová, Simona (referee)
Quality of life and physical activity in patients after acute myocardial infarction at a young age Quality of life and physical activity in young patient's after acute myocardial infarction OBJECTIVES: First Assess HRQOL in patients after acute myocardial infarction at a young age (ie men who had undergone AIM aged 45 years and in women who have undergone AIM aged 55 years) in the Czech Republic with a small pilot file. Second Determine the level of regular physical activity in patients after acute myocardial infarction at a young age in the Czech Republic with a small pilot file. METHOD: 24 patients invited to ambulatory monitoring after acute myocardial infarction at a young age, completed the SF-36 questionnaire and the IPAQ. Additional data were obtained from standard medical documentation. The data were analyzed using a defined evaluation criteria and individual questionnaires using standard statistical methods. RESULTS: Patients suffering from AIM at a young age, we found a reduced quality of life, mainly in the area of physical components. On the contrary, regular physical activity is relatively high. KEY WORDS: Health related quality of life, physical activity, acute myocardial infarction
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Návrh konstrukčního řešení sklopné postele včetně zabudované pracovní plochy do bytového interiéru
Vintr, Antonín
The thesis proposes a structural solution to the folding bed, which is combined with a workspace that even after folding of the bed itself remains in the horizontal position, and therefore it is not necessary to clear away objects lying on it. The proposed design is based on theoretical knowledge of the subject, which are collected and shown in the first part of the text. The solution is therefore supported by both technical and safety requirements as well as requirements for anthropometry and ergonomics, especially of beds, but also of desks. The structural design is drawn up using form of manufacturing drawings including bill of materials, economic evaluation of the level of direct material costs, and created visualizations. At the same time it is based on gathered informations by research of Czech market in supply area of folding beds which was evaluated in terms of price, design, and materials used in the manufacturing process.
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Risc factors of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea
Šebková, Kateřina ; Beneš, Jiří (advisor)
Clostridium difficile Associated Diarrhoea/Disease (CDAD) is an inflammatory disease of the colon, that affects mostly patients after exposure of wide-spectrum antibiotics. It occurs most frequently in patients of age over 65 years and main risc factors of CDAD are long-term hospitalization, polymorbidity, oncologic or system disorders and imunosuppression. The clinical presentation of CDAD is frequent diarrhea, sometimes accompanied by mucus or blood in the stool. We can expect also high levels of C-reactive protein, fever and leucocytosis. The main point of the study is to completely understand to whole bacteria Clostridium difficile and to know risc factors, clinics and therapy of CDAD. The second part is focused on main risc factors got from records of patients with positive CD toxins. The work is built on retrospective search from records of patients with a confirmed CDAD treated in infectious clinic of hospital Na Bulovce during the year 2008. The main importance of the study is to find risc factors of our patients, compare them to general studies and find alternatives, how to avoid rise and spread of this disease.
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Pretransfusion measures - compatibility testing before transfusion of red cell product in Blood establishment and blood bank of Nemocnice České Budějovice, a. s.
TESAŘOVÁ, Lucie
Blood is a body fluid which,despite all the scientific progress,still cannot be replaced by any other artificial product.The first records of transfusion were found in the ancient Egyptian,Assyrian,Jewish and Roman societies.The first historically recorded attempt at blood transfusion was described by a historian and lawyer Stephano Infessura 1492.The first known blood transfusion in the Czech Republic was performed in 1879 by Prague physician Anthony Erpek.Pretransfusion testing is a set of immunohematology examination performed prior to blood transfusion to the patient,which aims to ensure effective substitution for the patient,during which the transfused RBCs will survive long enough in recipient?s bloodstream and will not be destroyed.The basic principle of the whole pre-transfusion testing is laboratory confirmation that the recipient?s blood is compatible with the donor?s blood.The complex of pretransfusion testing before administration of RBCs includes methods of mandatory testing of the recipient?s blood group,antibody screening,possibly identification of special antibodies,and the cross match test itself.All these tests are performed using the agglutination method.Compatibility test is a reaction between donor?s and recipient?s serum,which is used for confirmation that the recipient?s blood is compatible with the donor?s blood.It can be examined either serologically(on a slide,in a tube,by gel column agglutination,by methods of solid phase)or electronically(type and screen strategy,electronic test of compatibility).Validity of the compatibility test is 72hours,counting from the moment of sampling of recipient?s blood.My thesis deals with the examination of the actual test of the compatibility of the transfusion product,literary comparison of various methods and comparison of the manual performance of the column gel agglutination method(LISS/NAT)and performance with the use of the Techno TwinStation machine.My work also includes comparison of an operational perspective and an economic perspective.The practical part of this work was carried out in Blood bank of Hospital Budweis.With the use of literary comparison of methods of compatibility test,I conclude that the most sensitive method used to investigate the compatibility test is the indirect anti-globulin test(NAT)performed using column gel agglutination or solid phase methods.My recommendation corresponds to the findings of Společnost pro transfuzní lékařství.The thesis confirms that the cross match testing via using the gel column agglutination method(LISS/NAT)was the best choice made by the Blood bank.Benefits of the gel column agglutination compared to the tube methods are the speed,smaller consumption of reagents and blood samples,the possibility of standardization,automation and documentation.Finally,the method has higher sensitivity,which increases the safety of blood transfusion for the patient.Examination of compatibility testing using the gel column agglutination method(LISS/NAT)was done in 52 patients manually and using the Techno TwinStation(a total of 118 tests).Examination results were identical regardless the chosen method.There was also no significant difference concerning the operational and economic costs of the two methods(manual was about 24CZK,automated was about 26CZK).In manual performance human errors cannot be eliminated, whereas in automation these errors are eliminated.Another advantage of automation is the traceability of all the elements involved in the analytical process,which are archived and will remain accessible after the test.The advantage of the manual compatibility tests is shorter total examination time(about 30-35min compared to about 45-60min when using automated method;depending on the number of samples).The disadvantage of automated method of compatibility testing using the Techno TwinStation machine is the impossibility to add more samples during pipetting.
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Implicit surface editor
Podloucký, Martin ; Horáček, Jan (referee) ; Pelikán, Josef (advisor)
This thesis dwells on usage of implicitely de fined surfaces for modeling three-dimensional objects in computer graphics. At the beginnig common approach to this kind of modeling tools is presented and its mathematical background is revealed. Then a documentation for BlobsEd editor follows which was developed to demonstrate basic capabilities of those tools to create various kinds of threedimensional shapes and surfaces.
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