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The institute of acquisitive prescription - selected perspectives (a comparison of Czech and German legal regulation and ideational aspects)
Ragužová, Nicole ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
Zusammenfassung Diese Diplomarbeit behandelt das traditionelle römischrechtliche Institut der Ersitzung und dessen heutige Regelung im tschechischen und deutschen Recht. Der Schwerpunkt liegt in den unterschiedlichen ideologischen Auffassungen beider Regelungen desselben Rechtsinstituts und dessen Wurzeln im römischen Recht. Für die tschechische Rechtsregelung und Rechtswissenschaft bildet das gültige österreichische bürgerliche Gesetzbuch ABGB, das bis zum Jahre 1950 der tschechoslowakische Zivilkodex war, die wichtigste Inspirationsquelle. Deswegen wird auch dem österreichischen ABGB beträchtlicher Raum gegeben. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist der Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Wertungsauffassungen in der deutschen und tschechischen Rechtswissenschaft, die die Voraussetzungen und Rechtsfolgen der Ersitzung auf vielen Ebenen beeinflussen. Im Interessenmittelpunkt stehen Streitfragen der Ersitzung und der Vergleich von deren Lösungen in beiden Rechtsordnungen unter Berücksichtigung sowohl der tschechischen Zivilistik der ersten Republik als auch der römischrechtlichen Zivilistik. Systematisch werden in der Arbeit die Regelungen der Ersitzung im römischen, deutschen und tschechischen Recht getrennt behandelt. Der erste Teil der Arbeit fasst die römischrechtliche Regelung zusammen, die in den folgenden...
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Liability of parties before conclusion of contract
Milotová, Martina ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to dissert upon the institute of precontractual liability. The thesis focuses namely on the new Czech Civil Code effective from 1 January 2014, which introduced into the Czech legal order express and complex legal regulation relating to the precontractual liability. To create a complex overview of the institute culpa in contrahendo, this thesis compares the current Czech legal provisions with the previous legal provisions effective until 31 December 2013, and also with foreign legal provisions, namely in the francophone countries, and with international unification projects. This thesis consists of nine chapters. The first chapter deals with the position of the precontractual liability in a legal environment and sets out the aims of this thesis. The second chapter enlightens possible concepts and basis of the institute culpa in contrahendo in different legal orders and deals with possible sanctions for violation of the precontractual obligations. The third chapter deals with historical evolution of the precontractual liability from the very first actions in Roman law until the current concept. The fourth chapter disserts on the current Czech legal provisions of the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code, as amended. In this chapter, I deal with both the particular facts of...
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The Principle of Good Faith in Private Law
Vlková, Lenka ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
Anglicky The thesis deals with the newly expressly enacted principle of protection of Good Faith in the Czech private law, specifically in its objective sense (the principle of honesty). The thesis approaches the principle with regard to absence of its express enactment in the Czech legal order before adopting new Civil Code as an unknown principle and in this respect it investigates it initially in other EU countries, notably in Germany, UK and France. It further examines its enactment in european harmonization efforts PECL, DCFR and CESL and for the sake of completeness also in other unifying documents such as the Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods or the UNIDROIT Principles. Based on the findings upon these documents, it further approaches to examine the principle of honesty in the Czech legal order, based on an analysis of current case law, legislation contained in the old Civil Code and finally it examines the current legislation in the new Civil Code. It investigate the topic from different angles, such as the relationship of morality and honesty, the relationship of freedom of contract and contractual justice, the question of judicial development of law.
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Unjust Enrichment under English and Czech Law
Škvareková, Gabriela ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee)
1 ABSTRACT UNJUST ENRICHMENT UNDER ENGLISH AND CZECH LAW The topic of presented thesis is "Unjust Enrichment under English and Czech Law". It aims to provide a comprehensive analysis and comparison of legal rules governing unjust enrichment in English and Czech law. The thesis is systematically divided into four principal chapters which are further subdivided. The first chapter presents an introduction to unjust enrichment. It provides a brief historical overview and a description of legal nature of unjust enrichment. It also aims to bring a basic comparison of the common law system and the civil law system to which English law and Czech law belong. Unjust enrichment on the European level is analysed in the second chapter. Two chosen soft law instruments of the European private law are presented here, namely Draft Common Frame of Reference and Principles of European Law of Unjust Enrichment, which set forth non-binding rules for the functioning of unjust enrichment. The third chapter is focused on the English law of unjust enrichment. It primarily brings the analysis of the requirements of unjust enrichment under English law. These requirements, which are based on the case law of the English courts, are as follows: (1) benefit, (2) at the claimant's expense, (3) unjust factor, and (4) lack of defence....
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An impact of incapacitation of a limited company upon legal theory and practice
Kříž, Josef ; Čech, Petr (advisor) ; Pelikán, Robert (referee)
OF DIPLOMA THESIS An impact of incapacitation of a limited company upon legal theory and practice Author: Josef Kříž Supervisor: JUDr. Petr Čech, LL.M, Ph.D. Department: Department of Commercial Law The main purpose of my thesis was to analyse the significant change in the concept of limited company, i.e. old-new concept of the members of statutory body as agents of the company. However, I conceived a thesis more generally as analysis of the question of whether the New Civil Code and the Business Corporations Act incapacitated limited company or not. The thesis is divided into five main chapters, including an introduction and a conclusion. In the second chapter I try to reconstruct legal thinking of First Czechoslovak Republic on this issue, because its reference by the New Civil Code. Although views on the status of a statutory body of legal persons and the legal capacity of a legal person were different, I came to the conclusion that there was more or less consensus that members of statutory body are agents of legal persons. Regarding the legal capacity of a legal person, then it can be concluded that the doctrine of the First Czechoslovak Republic concluded either that the legal person is a person incompetent, or that the legal capacity is not by definition characteristic of legal person. In the...
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A comparison of pre-contractual liability in Czech and Common Law
Nováková, Tereza ; Horáček, Vít (advisor) ; Liška, Petr (referee)
The purpose of my thesis is to consider the importance of culpa in contrahendo which does not have a long tradition in the Czech law. However, since the 1 January 2014 it has become enshrined the Czech legal system. The instrument of culpa in contrahendo is connected with the need to protect the good faith of the parties to a contract which is an essential principle of modern contract law, particularly in continental legal systems. Despite the lack of the general duty to act in good faith while negotiating contracts in common law systems, we can see that English or American judges solve the practical problems resulting from dishonesty of one party to the contract through equitable principles such as misrepresentation or promissory estoppel. The importance of protecting good faith is visible even from international contract law documents that are important for the interpretation of national law. Chapter One contains the explanation of culpa in contrahendo as a practical instrument and I distinguish it from pre-contractual liability in the anglo-american legal systems. Despite the differences of the continental and common law systems of law, I consider, on the basis of the laws and court decision analysis, whether the Czech courts, in deciding the pre-contractual liability cases, are getting closer...
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Main Principles and Elements of Roman Procedural Law
Škeříková, Jana ; Skřejpek, Michal (advisor) ; Blaho, Peter (referee) ; Židlická, Michaela (referee)
My doctoral thesis is focused on the main principles and elements of Roman procedural law. However, during my research I realised the terms are very similar. One of the main points of my thesis is dedicated to the constitutional system of Roman republic and its norms, including the very important law codex, the Twelve Tables Law. Moreover, I take the Justinian Codification of Roman law into focus. A very important source is also antique literature, texts of prominent lawyers and various types of administrative acts. A vast inspiration can be found in many European museums. The main principles and elements are applicable to actions, defendants and plaintiffs, to judicial hearing and to the days when judicial hearings could be held. I focus on principle of equity, good faith, and necessity of defense, res judicata, principle of appellation, pecuniary condemnation, and principle of assessment of evidence. The last chapter reviews other principles. It is also important to mention that different types of procedural cases are specific in their own way. I focused on describing the differences as well. My thesis analyzes seven most important principles. The first and the most important one is equity. My research shows that this principle is common to all areas of roman procedural law. I tried to explain...
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The institution of pre-contract liability in theory and practice
Kraus, Radek ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee)
Diese Arbeit behandelt das Thema "Rechtsinstitut der vorvertraglichen Haftung in Theorie und Praxis". Die ganze Arbeit ist in drei Teile gegliedert und zwar "Der Begriff der Vorvertraglichen Haftung", "Die Komparative Analyse der ausländischen Rechtsordnungen" und "Das tschechische Konzept der vorvertraglichen Haftung". Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist, die praktischen Aspekte der vorvertraglichen Haftung zu beschreiben, was aber ohne ausreichende theoretische Grundlagen unmöglich ist. Die Doktrin culpa in contrahendo (Verschulden beim Vertragsabschluss) wird Rudolph von Jhering zugeschrieben, denn er hat im Jahre 1861 als erstes die charakteristischen Züge der vorvertraglichen Obligationen beschrieben. Der Autor ordnet in dem ersten Teil dieser Arbeit noch die vorvertragliche Haftung in das Rechtssystem ein. Die zum Teil von dem Autor entworfene Definition dient dann in dem zweiten und dritten Teil zu dem einfacheren Vergleich der Konzepte von vorvertraglicher Haftung in verschiedenen Rechtsordnungen. In dem zweiten Teil wird zuerst das deutsche Konzept der culpa in contrahendo beschrieben, wie es sich von R. von Jhering über die Schuldrechtsmodernisierung bis zum heutigen Tag entwickelt hat. Die Entwicklung der deutschen Auffassung der vorvertraglichen Haftung von der materiellen zur formalen...
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Pre-contract liability (culpa in contrahendo)
Obstová, Martina ; Čech, Petr (advisor) ; Horáček, Tomáš (referee)
Formation of a contract is nowadays more sophisticated than it formerly used to be due to major progress in communication technologies and technical development, and therefore, looking on negotiation process only through the notions of offer and acceptance alone appears to be somewhat insufficient. It is not unusual and infrequent that long term and complicated dealings take place prior to the conclusion of a contract, especially in more or less complex business matters. During various negotiation stages, many parties may incur different kinds of significant expenses in order to prepare well for the next phase of the negotiations and, eventually, for the targeted contractual performance. For the conclusion of a contract it may also be necessary to inform the other party about the terms and conditions which are essential for the first party's final decision about the contract, while some of this information might be considered as strictly confidential. Although the fundamental principle of contractual freedom allows the parties to act freely in negotiations and the contractual process is generally regarded as a non-binding relationship, there are some restrictions set up with the aim to protect good faith of the parties and support their fair dealings. According to the abovementioned, a situation...
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Types of Registration to the Real Estate Cadastre
PANGRATZOVÁ, Jitka
In this diploma thesis I have characterized the Registration into Real Estate Cadastre, which government agents has a competence about Real Estate Cadastre and own proceeding of registration. Shortly I have characterized register of real estate in Germany, as another member state of European Union.
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