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Phylogeny and ecology of family Planorbidae
Běláčová, Kateřina ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Lorencová, Erika (referee)
Phylogenetics is a sub-discipline of biology which focuses on classification of organisms based on their evolutionary development. Morphological and anatomical features have been traditionally used in reconstruction of phylogeny but with the onset of modern technology their role has been partly taken up by molecular analysis. Family Planorbidae is a very diverse group that includes species with very different morphology. This work aims to provide an overview of the phylogeny within Planorbidae family and discuss the importance of the individual features used in determination based on the results of the published studies.
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Digital Technologies in Education of Human Biology
Pražák, Daniel ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (referee)
Digital technologies have been present in the educational environment in the Czech Republic and other countries for many years. Not only are they becoming a relatively frequent means of making education more attractive, but they also have a great potential for improving methods of illustration in areas difficult to visualize, such as human biology and anatomy. The presented thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part summarizes available specialized literature covering the bases for utilizing digital technologies in the practice of teaching; maps out the process of implementing digital technologies into schools in the Czech Republic; and last but not least, describes key elements and methods of teaching with the help of digital technologies. The practical part introduces the results of a survey which took the form of a mixed methods research among elementary and high school pupils, teachers, and students of Teaching Preparation programs. In the final discussion, the amassed data are compared to some of the relevant past surveys conducted by various subjects. In addition, the practical part also includes model activities for using digital technologies in human biology teaching; a description of their pilotage; and a critical reflection on the process. KEYWORDS...
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The "Bodies" Probe into the Thinking of the Czech Society
Dobošová, Andrea ; Matějek, Jaromír (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee)
Having been on for ten years, "Bodies" The Exhibition still arouses strong controversial reactions. The authors of the exhibition of dead bodies speak about education, whereas the opponents object it is an unethical business. The Czech society has its system of values, which has developed over centuries. The objective of my Bachelor thesis is to monitor the social affairs, which reflect the change of mentality and orientation of values as influenced by new possibilities of self- fulfilment. In media, and not only there, a sheer variety of opinions was given on the exhibition. Leading Czech scholars, including medical doctors, theologians, journalists and art historians, gave their statements; their views being mostly a rejection. Judging from the number of tickets sold, the interest of the public to see the exhibition is great. The purpose of my thesis is to record a probe by means of the analytic method, within which I describe the Czech society in a specific conduct perceived by the majority as non-problematic. The current situation is an excellent way to learn about the real world we live in.
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Specifics of nutrition in patients with celiac disease
EICHLEROVÁ, Aneta
Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the small intestine caused by gluten intolerance. This disease is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world and the number of diseased still grows. Prevalence of the celiac disease is stated to be between 1 in 100 and 1 in 200 in the Czech republic according to most actual sources (1 affected in 100 to 200 healthy persons), that means there is 50 000 to 100 000 patients suffering from celiac disease. The only know effective treatment is a strict lifelong gluten-free diet.The goal of this work is to find out nutrition specifics of patients affected by celiac disease. Four research questions were set down: 1. Which sources of information do patients use most often? 2. How good is availability of gluten-free foodstuff and food services offering gluten-free meals? 3. What is patients' attitude to observing the diet recommendations? 4. To which extent is social status of patients suffering from celiac disease affected? The work is divided into theoretical and empirical part. Theoretical part includes general information about celiac disease, about its history, diagnosing, treatment and complications which can occur when gluten-free diet isn't kept. The work is dealing with gluten-free diet where I concentrated on less know foodstuff for gluten free diet and their nutrition facts besides other things.Empirical part was realized by qualitative method where semi-structured interview was used for collection of data. Respondents were 14 patients with diagnosed celiac disease who were recruited by snowball technique. Interview was divided into 5 areas related to demographic data, symptoms, information sources, situation on gluten-free food market, patients' attitude to keeping the gluten-free diet and diet recommendations and about influence of disease on respondents' lives and social status. Output of this work is a leaflet about celiac disease and gluten-free diet. Results shows that respondents mostly use web pages as a source of information where they pointed out forums as the most useful. Valid sources of information aren't much searched for. Availability and supply of gluten-free foodstuff has considerably improved in the last few years. Similar improvement occurred in the area of food services as well. Respondents usually abide by the gluten-free diet and they try to keep healthy lifestyle and follow the diet recommendations. Despite the fact that celiac disease had big impact on respondents' lives their social status wasn't much affected.
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Laboratory Work on Plant Physiology and Anatomy and its Use at Primary School
Vágnerová, Kateřina ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (advisor) ; Odcházelová, Tereza (referee)
The presented master thesis is focused on practical teaching of the plant anatomy, morphology ad physiology at primary schools in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part contains a summary of the basic knowledge about plant morphology anatomy and physiology including integration of the practical teaching of natural science in Framework Education Programme and its extension into the School Education Programme. This part includes also detail theoretical background of teaching methods, which are suitable for laboratory work and didactic games. The second, practical part contains a detail description of the seven author's laboratory works and seven didactic games dealing with different topics from the plant anatomy, morphology and physiology, their practical evaluation on pupils of two primary schools and one secondary school including following detailed analysis of the realized questionnaire of these didactic materials. According to the obtained research data, it is obvious that the using of practical teaching form is more attractive for the pupils than conventional teaching methods at primary school.
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Overview of the family Deinotheriidae C.L. Bonaparte, 1841 [Mammalia, Proboscidea] with direction to fossil discoveries in Czech Republic.
Šmejkal, Roman ; Mazuch, Martin (advisor) ; Wagner, Jan (referee)
This work presents the family Deinotheriidae including the subfamily Chilgatherinae. Morphological differences of teeth point to anatomical differences between the genders Chilgatherium, Prodeinotherium and Deinotherium. Further, the anatomical differences of skull and postcranial skeleton of the Deinotherinae subfamily are described. The Extension of the family Deinotherium is tied to the migration routes from Africa to Asia and Europe. The Occurrence in the Czech Republic is confirmed by 2 important discovery sites. The first one is located in Horní Ves near Franzensbad where the skeleton of the species Prodeinotherium bavaricum was discovered. The second one is located near Česká Třebová and represented by the fragments of the lower jaw of the species Prodeinotherium cuvieri. The discussion focuses on the use of the lower tusks and the method of food intake.
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Linguistic aspects of the information science in the application of the recent technical language with emphasis on anatomical terminology
Musil, Vladimír ; Stingl, Josef (advisor) ; Feberová, Jitka (referee) ; Bozděchová, Ivana (referee)
Although anatomical terminology is in use for more than 2000 years, its first official publication achieved in 1895. The need for development of cogent nomenclature arose due to the high level of synonyms labeling individual anatomical structures. Thus towards the end of the 19th century existed more then 50 000 terms describing approximately 5 000 known structures at that time. Such synonymity caused and still causes chaos, especially in the research activities field. The reason for this is fact that most of the research performed not directly by medical field specialists but also information field specialists does not respect the historical evolution of terms. More, it mixes them according to different issues of the official terminologies. Also, further making the research activity complicated is wrong use of anatomical terms, lack of knowledge and misuse of latine grammary and last but not least americanization of the latine terms. Another hot topic is non existence of the official Czech anatomical terminology. This leads to increased tendency of neologisms formation which in turn causes increase of synonymities. Our study demonstrates above mentioned problems on examples from selected human body structures like locomotory and circulatory systems: bursas, 33 selected skeletal muscles, VIIIth cranial...
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Anatomical Changes on the Skeleton in the Evolution of Genus Homo
Hoffmannová, Valérie ; Dvořáková, Radka (advisor) ; Schierová, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe the anatomical features on the skeletons of species Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensi, Homo sapiens and Homo naledi. For each type are described those features which characterize it. Emphasis is placed on changes in the anatomy of the skull and pelvis, but they are also mentioned other features typical for the species. Part of this work is to outline the mobility and function of the skeleton. Information about individual species are supplemented by a description of external signs which are due to the anatomy of the skeleton. Keywords: Anatomy, Morphology, skeleton, skull, pelvis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens, Homo naledi
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Case report of physiotherapy care of pacient with elbow contusion
Vojáčková, Anna ; Kučerová, Ilona (advisor) ; Šachová, Dana (referee)
Title: Case report of physiotherapy care of pacient with elbow contusion Objectives: The aim is to present the theoretical knowledge of the elbow joint, describe the physiotherapeutic methods and procedures dealing with traumatology of the elbow, especially focusing on soft tissues injuries.The aim i salso to apply theoretical knowledge in practice in the therapy with patient after elbow contusion. Methods: Methods used are research and analysis. The first theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the basic anatomy, kinesiology and biomechanical information of the elbow joint, based on the information resources, and describes elbow traumatology focusing on soft tissue injuries. Further, it characterizes physiotherapeutic procedures and methods used in this type of injury treatment. The special part of thesis includes a detailed case study of a patient suffering from the elbow contusion. This part presents input and output kinesiology analysis, description of each therapeutic unit and finally evaluates the effect of therapy. Case study has been made during my professional practice in CLPA in Prague (Treatment Centre for Musculoskeletal System), under the supervision of Mgr. Dana Šachová, during the period 23.1. to 17.2. 2017. Results: The theoretical knowledge of the elbow joint, it's traumatology,...
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Kinesiology preview of evaluation of long jump
Domská, Lucie ; Kaplan, Aleš (advisor) ; Vindušková, Jitka (referee)
Title: Kinesiology preview of evaluation of long jump Student: Lucie Domská Supervisor: odb. as. Aleš Kaplan Aim: The aim of this bachelor thesis is to study the issue of possibilities of kinesiology evaluation for understanding long jump in track and field with the help of literature review and get to know the possibility of complete kinesiology evaluation of long jump. Methodology: This thesis is focused on studying possibilities of kinesiology evaluation of long jump in track and field with the help of literature review of selected scientific literature concerning human motion system, general kinesiology, and special kinesiology of lower limbs, biomechanics, characteristics and technique of long jump and special kinesiology concerning this track and field event. Due to exploring chosen topic from various points of view (general kinesiology, anatomy of human motion system, biomechanics) I been trying to understand special kinesiology of long jump. Results: In this bachelor thesis I have reviewed 28 sources of Czech and 49 sources of foreign literature listed in the reference list, so 37 of those sources were online and 40 were books. I found out that kinesiology evaluation of long jump in athletics is a very complex issue. There are very few authors, that focus on special kinesiology of long...
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