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The influence of the epigallokatechin gallate, elagic acid and curcumin on the cytotoxic effect of mutagens.
Tlučhořová, Drahomíra ; Hochmann, Jiří (advisor) ; Polívková, Zdeňka (referee)
Naturally occurring phenols epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), ellagic acid and curcumin exhibit antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity in a lot of in vivo and in vitro studies. In our study we used comet assay test to determine if these compounds are capable to affect DNA damage of AA8 and HepG2 cells caused by 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoline (IQ), N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) and UVC radiation. Results should say if comet assay test is an appropriate method for antimutagenity tests. We were interested if compounds, which are able to moderate effects of mutagens, would also affect their cytotoxicity. Except MNU and UVC radiation we used also hydrogen peroxide as a reference mutagen. In comet assay curcumin was not able to protect against MNU induced DNA damage sufficiently. However, ellagic acid effectively reduced mutagenic effect of MNU. EGCG decreased the level of DNA breaks induced by IQ and UVC radiation and affected both DNA damage induction and repair of cells incubated with MNU. We chose only EGCG for cytotoxicity tests because it showed the greatest antimutagenity. EGCG increased the number of formed colonies of cells treated with hydrogen peroxide, likely to its antioxidant properties. However EGCG did not decrease cytotoxicity of MNU and UVC radiation and the...
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Complications during the hospitalization in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Kotrč, Martin ; Pěnička, Martin (advisor)
Temu his master's thesis complications during hospitalization in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention of (PCI ) I chose on the basis of his great interest in cardiology and more specifically coronary heart disease. The art wants give both professionally in the future and therefore work gave me deepening of information and knowledge , which, as I hope , do I redeem in the future in their medical practice . Coronary heart disease and mortality either directly to consequences of myocardial infarction or its complications is one The forward civilizačných problems currently . In the Czech Republic was the number of hospitalizations for acute MI in 1996 26026 , the mortality rate was 157.6 males / females and 100,000 109,2 / 100 000 inhabitants . In 2000 it was with acute MI 22 042 hospitalized with a decrease in mortality rates among men 18% and 17% of women . Average , treating time was between the years 1994 and 1999 shortened from 12.7 to 8.9 per day , ie about 30 %. but still diseases circulation system in the Czech Republic remain the leading cause of and causing the death of 54.9 % of all deaths ( ÚZIS , 2000). Prehospitalizačná mortality during the past 30 years decreased only slightly , but on the other hand , due to rapid development of...
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Cheese defects and possible causes of their origin
Mazal, Marek ; Legarová, Veronika (advisor) ; Vladimír, Vladimír (referee)
This bachelor thesis is dealed with cheese defects and possible causes of their origin, which are participated in their formation. The problems of cheese defects is not focused only on technical apects, but it is also focused on microbial risks of possible contamination, the work is directed there at microbial quality of milk, which is crucial at the cheese manufacture. Microbial quality of milk is very important for cheesemaking, but the milk can be contaminated during the manufacture and also during the transport or storage. It is obvious for the reason of milk contamination, that milk has to be heat-treat, in order not to be damaged the final product. However heat-treat is not complete solution, because some microorganisms tolerate higher temperatures or they survive by formation of spores. Another way of contamination is entering of microorganisms during the cheesemaking, maturing and due to unsuitable storage. The cheese is not damaged only by microorganisms, but there are also significant physical factors, which can influence the quality of cheese, these are water activity, pH, salt content and temperature. These factors influence the natural microflora, which is present in the final product. However it is important realize, that there are differencies of susceptibility to forming pathogens among the cheeses, long aged cheeses are low risk due to it´s low pH, which prevents forming of pathogens so the pathogens can not endanger the cheese quality.
It should be considered suitable methods for elimination of pontecial risks and relevant defects during the cheesemaking. The most important methods should be regular hygien procedures, appropriate manufacturing and agricultural processes. The system of risk analysis and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) should be certainly present. For the prevention of cheese defect it is necessary regular control of specific paramaters at important stages of manufacture.
Very important matter is cosumption of cheese contaminated by mycotoxins, because consumption of mycotoxins is relatively high risk for human health. Mycotoxins are able penetrate into the cheese primarly due to presence of microscopic fungus, furthermore they can occur also as derivatives of mycotoxins, which are eaten by animals with their feed.
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The comparison of nursing care for clients with MRSA at the ICU and standard unit
AMBROŽOVÁ, Martina
This thesis deals with one of the most important multidrug-resistant infection ?MRSA. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a nosocomial pathogen that has the ability to spread very fast. Infections caused by MRSA are always associated with high mortality. An antibiotic resistance is a reason for twice increased morbidity, it prolongs hospitalization of patients, thus significantly increases the costs of health care (European Antibiotic Awareness Day, 2012). The costs spent for the prevention of multidrug-resistant infections represents less than 20% of the cost needed to treat patients suffering this infection. Among the risk factors associated with the emergence of MRSA infection or its carriage include a long stay in the hospital, especially the ICN, invasive procedures, antibiotic treatment, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure associated with dialysis, and skin disease. There is a usual transfer by hands of nursing staff, but the transfer via the air can not be excluded (Maďar et al., 2006).There were set four objectives for the study. The first goal was to determine whether there are differences in the principles of barrier nursing care for patients with MRSA in hygiene, eating, emptying and the re-bandaging at intensive care units (?ARO? and ?JIP? departments) and standard units. The second objective was to map the availability of protective equipment for staff in particular departments. The third goal was to find out differences in knowledge of the nursing staff on the issue of MRSA at various departments. The fourth objective was to determine how the various departments involve families of the patients with MRSA in the treatment process.Study conclusions show differences between particular intensive care departments. There is the best provision of barrier nursing care at the ICN ? ARO in all explored parts. The research found there is the possibility of isolating patients with MRSA on a separate stall or room in all departments. There were deficiencies in barrier nursing care related to ICN ? JIP and standard units. Than survey found out there are some standard units and ICN ? JIP, where there are used decolonization neither in health care and nor in re-bandaging of patients with MRSA. In the case of specific nutrition of a patient with MRSA there are not properly distinguished and disinfected used tools in these departments. Regarding the specifics of emptying of patient with MRSA there are usual mistakes made by respondents from ICN ? JIP and standard units in the procedure of handling infectious biological waste. A positive result is unlimited availability of protective equipment for particular departments. However, there are the standard units where the use of protective equipment involves gloves only. Startling finding is the washing of hands before entering the room and after leaving disinfectant respondents from ICN ? ARO only. The knowledge of respondents on the issue of MRSA were at a very good level except one respondent from the standard department. There is an effort to involve the family in the treatment process in all departments. According to all respondents there is a great irreplaceable importance of the family during hospitalization of the patient.
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Clinical and cost effectiveness of antibiotic treatment of respiratory infections
Bártů, Václava ; Sechser, Tomáš (advisor) ; Homolka, Jiří (referee) ; Marešová, Vilma (referee)
Background. Respiratory tract infections belong among the most frequent inflammatory affections. They are mostly cured as outpatients. Cases with complicated or serious course have to be hospitalized. The aim of the projeet was to evaluate the procedures of physicians of pulmonary department in the diagnosis and therapy of respiratory infections including community acquired pneumonia of inpatients. The drug prescription and its adherence to the positive list were evaluated. Clinical effectivity of therapy was evaluated according to the acquired data and cost effectivity was followed up. Methods. The projeet included 200 patients who were examined and treated according recommended standard guidelines as "usually". All diagnostic and therapeutic activity depends only on the decision of the physician without any intervention. As the patient was accepted and received antibiotics, so immediately he entered the study. The projeet protocol consisted of usual questions on which physician had to response during his deciding diagnostic and therapeutic action. The projeet had non-intervention character. The results of all decisions and examinations were recorded so to the documents of patient as to the protocol of the projeet and at the same moment to the PATS in the order not to be changed. Conclusions. Data analysis...
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ART & ARCHITECTURE - Community Entertainment Facility in South Centre, Brno (Music Centre)
Hasajová, Zuzana ; Todorov, Petr (referee) ; Pelčák, Petr (advisor)
The new project in the path of park of New South Center of Brno would by Music center. The device reacts on new regulatives in zone. There is rising the building that prevents direct contact with unpleasant waves of trfic. The fort is so urban arms, in a pleasant thought cluster charmed quality music. Enter the building is accompanied by a pleasant park with urban furniture and modifications, and richness of perspectives uncovered through the viaduct . The main task is Synfonic hall with a capacity of 1300 pax, chamber hall for 280 guests and also small chamber hall for 100 people or future new musicians. The proposal was that the space did not work only during night-life concerts, but also during the day and more so approaching the world of music. Center includes a music school, shops and cafe in the next arm background staff and musicians. Response shapes based on urban morphology continue to the interior, and almost everywhere they appear irregular arms embrace in the lines and space. Architectural design features that expresses fuel building contains. Material for rendering takes hardness and white veined travertine Spis combined with warm interior textil in colors of royal blue, the complet of interior quality complement metalic elements and details with high gloss silver. Come into the embrace of music…
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Food Supplements as Activation Modulators of Food Carcinogens, Phase II Metabolism
Bebová, Michaela ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Koblihová, Jitka (referee)
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) are representatives of carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds formed when muscle meat, including fish, is cooked, especially by frying and grilling. When these xenobiotic compounds enter the organism, they may be activated by metabolism into compounds with higher toxicity or carcinogenic potencial. Besides the enzymes of the phase I metabolism also the enzymes of the phase II metabolism mainly sulfotransferases (SULT) and N-acetyltransferases (NAT) may participate. Because these enzymes may be inducible their induction may be caused by other compounds present in food. Important inductors are some representatives of flavonoids - genistein, biochanin A and ß-naphtoflavone. These compounds have been proven to be able to to induce formation of sulfotransferases in vivo and in vitro conditions. An increased amount of enzymes may lead to the support of metabolic activation of procarcinogens, resulting in an increased formation of DNA aducts, causing development of carcinogenesis. For the research of induction of rat enzymes, rSULT and rNAT peptides were proposed that will be used for the production of antibodies suitable for their immunodetection.
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Preeclamsia and selected immunogenetic factors
Hradecký, Libor ; Ulčová-Gallová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Madar, Jindřich (referee) ; Oborná, Ivana (referee)
Preeclampsia and selected immunogenetic factors Our objective was to evaluate plasma levels of the eight most common antiphospholipid antibodies (antiphosphatidylserine, antiphosphatidylethanolamine, antiphosphatidylinositol, antiphosphatidylglycerol, antiphosphatidic acid, antiannexin V, anticardiolipin and anti 2-glycoprotein I antibodies) by ELISA method and selected inherited thrombophilia (F V- Leiden mutation, FII mutation G20210A, C677T and A1298C variants of the gene for methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase-MTHFR) by DNA analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes using the real-time PCR in fifty-five women with preeclampsia in the period immediately before urgent termination of pregnancy. Fifty-five healthy women without preeclampsia was considered as a controll group. Entered data were examined using a non-parametric Wilcoxon's test, univariate analysis were perfomed using the Fisher's exact test and statistical dependence between variables was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. We demonstrated that women with preeclampsia had significantly higher levels of anticardiolipin antibodies in the isotope IgG (p <0.01) and IgM (p <0.01), elevated levels of antiphosphatidylserine antibodies in the isotope IgG(p <0.01) and antiethanolamine antibodies in the isotope IgM (p <0.01) when...
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Roles of cytoskeleton in mouse polyomavirus trafficking
Klímová, Lucie ; Forstová, Jitka (advisor) ; Šmahel, Michal (referee)
6 Roles of cytoskeleton in mouse polyomavirus trafficking ABSTRACT: Mouse polyomavirus (mPyV) is small non-enveloped DNA virus. Its endocytic pathway is studied for a potential utilisation of polyomaviral virus-like particles in gene therapy and/or immunotherapy. mPyV enter cells by internalisation into smooth monopinocytic vesicles. During it's journey through the cell, it pass through early endosomes, and at the time 3 hours post infection, it is localised in endoplasmic reticulum and recycling endosomes. Many aspects of mPyV trafficking and nuclear entry are not clear yet. Time-lapse live imaging fluorescence confocal microscopy was used to describe the mouse polyomavirus intracellular movements. For these studies, we utilised mPyV fluorophore-labeled virions and cells expressing GFP-tagged g-actin or alpha-tubulin. Some virion-loaded vesicles were seen to move with actin organised into dynamic structures. Some of these structures resembled actin comets created by Listeria or vaccinia virus. At the same time post infection (40-60 min post infection), movement of the virion loaded vesicles along mirotubules was observed suggesting the simultaneous involvement of actin and tubulin during mPyV trafficking. Dynamitin, a dominant negative inhibitor of dynein-dynactin function reduced mPyV infection. Taken...
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Delivery of genomes of nonenveloped DNA viruses into the cell nucleus
Bílková, Eva ; Forstová, Jitka (advisor) ; Hatáková, Ladislava (referee)
The majority of DNA viruses have to deliver their genome to the cell nucleus, which provi- des factors required for their replication and transcription. This work is focused on this proces of small nonenveloped DNA viruses. It describes delivery of the adenovirus, parvovirus, pa- pillomavirus and polyomavirus genomes into the cell nucleus. These viruses are endocyted by the cell and travel to the enveloped compartments. Viral particle undergoes changes afffected by surrounding environment and activity of cellular enzymes, which results in its escape from enveloped vesicle mediated by the viral proteins. Some viruses use direct interactions with cytos- keletal transport components for travelling to the cell nucleus. In most cases, viral DNA enters cell nucleus via nuclear pore complex, although the evidence of alternative mechanisms exists as well. This work focuses on early phases of the life cycle of the selected viruses and the nucleus targeting of their genomes. Understanding the mechanisms of viral DNA nuclear import may contribute to discovery of new anti-viral therapies.
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