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The electroral system for the Chamber of Deputies of Czech Republic: genesis, evolution and its future direction
Peškar, Michal ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Antoš, Marek (referee)
This final thesis deals with electoral system to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. Its genesis, evolution and future are presented in 3 chapters and in the Conclusion. Work is designed as a case-study and it employs two methods - from general to particular, and from earlier to later. These methods are used in whole work as well as in particular chapters and subchapters. The first chapter introduces readers to the issue of electoral system in general. There are described two main voting systems - proportional and majority vote. Stress is put to the proportional system which has used for elections to the Chamber of Deputies. Also the question "which electoral system is the best" is mentioned. Following chapter surveys history of the electoral system and evolution from its establishment to the present. Main part of this chapter deals with a reform introduced in the year 2000 which was declared by the Constitutional Court as unconstitutional. New law, instead of blank spaces after the decision of the Constitutional Court, was adopted in the year 2002 and since that it has been valid till the present. The third chapter presents proposals of electoral reform from the year 2008 prepared by a group of experts on the basis of political assignment of contemporary Government....
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Determining the plasticity of lactose
Patočková, Simona ; Řehula, Milan (advisor) ; Špaček, Vladimír (referee)
The aim of this work was to take charakteristic of lactose and their influence on compressibility. Plastic properties ensuring better compressibility of material, whereas elastic properties make difficult for compressibility. Plasticity and elasticity are important characteristics of compacting materials. Several methods are commonly used for calculation of these parameters. One of the methods utilizes elastic recovery. On the base of relation between elastic recoveries and compression pressure, the Young's modul of elasticity is counted. Elastic and plastic energy is acquired from measurement force - displacement representing continuance of pressing process. Force - displacement curves are obtained from measurements of punch force and displacement. Energy is needed for the compression of material and formation of strong compacts. The properties of the compact are correlated with the energy input. The force - displacement profiles as such may be useful as a material charakteristic. Furthermore, the stress relaxation test is exploited for calculation of plasticity. By this test the parameters F min A, F min B, FPL and also characteristics of single parametric relation dependence of compacting pressure on time are counted. In this work, the lactose was evaluated by all mentioned methods. The basic...
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Graph algorithms in text retrieval
Irikovský, Peter ; Kopecký, Michal (advisor) ; Galamboš, Leo (referee)
This thesis surveys use of graph theory and algorithms in information retrieval. It provides an introduction to graph and information retrieval theories and an overview of the overlap between these disciplines. We show application of the graph theory in clustering, document classification, finding communities etc. The most stress is, however, put on ranking algorithms as they aim to improve the most critical property of the information retrieval systems, their precision. The paper presents different graphbased ranking algorithms, provides comments to their time and memory requirements and to realistic usage of these rankings. It also contains a description and test results of our implementation of algorithms for computing the PageRank distribution designed for the Egothor search engine.
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Serratia marcescens bacterial colony differentiation
Schmoranz, Michal ; Neubauer, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Cvrčková, Fatima (referee)
We explain the typical shape and appearance of bacterial monocolonies grown on rich medias as an active effort of cooperating individuals. This puts each colony into the light of biological aesthetics and shows it as a unique piece of art. We understand the appearance of colonies as a manifestation of the most general dimension of Life, enabled by domestification and relaxing of the stress of natural selection. That is, what allows the colonies to experiment in their morfogeny and to resign on the functional morfogenesis. When kept in convenient conditions, aerobic bacteria tend to build complex colonies with strain specific patterns. The colonies are suprisingly well organised considering that they are built by more than 10 000 times smaller primitive unicellular organisms. In microbiology the colour and shape pattern of the colonies used to be called "the secondary metabolism". Nowadays we consider them to be an effect of the efficient microbial communication and we know, that bacteria have utilized for communication hundreds of different biochemical messages. However, we still do not understand the relevance or the aim of the formation of the colonies and their pattern. Moreover, we are also able to detect a complicated intercolonial behaviour including in some cases cooperation, agressiveness...
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Conversion of formatting objects to ODF
Bodnár, Petr ; Kosek, Jiří (advisor) ; Pajas, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with conversion of text documents from the format of so called formatting objects (XSL FO) to OpenDocument format (ODF). This conversion can be useful e. g. for distribution, printing or additional modification of a document in a text editor which supports ODF (e. g. OpenOffice). The thesis starts with description of both formats and it mentions basic elements that the formats offer for defining a text document. A comparison of both formats and description of possibilities of converting documents from XSL FO to ODF follows right after. The proved-by-practise and widely available XSLT transformation is chosen for the conversion implementation. It is illustrated on a sample application which enables to launch the conversion from an internet browser, from OpenOffice or from a command line.
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Basic formats of agency news : (the comparison ČTK/Reuters)
Ljašková, Lucie ; Švec, Štefan (referee) ; Trunečková, Ludmila (advisor)
This thesis "Basic formats of agency news (the comparison ČTK/Reuters)" deals with differences and similarities of text reports that are produced by the news agencies ČTK and Reuters. The author of this work attends to a history of selected news agencies and generally to their production of news in the introductory part. She also mentions the typology and categorisation of news agencies as well as the definition of the basic term - a news agency. The research part of the work is also focused on a definition of further important term - a text report. The work deals with its construction, structure and how different agencies use so called "metadata". The work explores by using comparative analysis what features prevail in issuing text reports and how they defer in the chosen agencies. The particular examples are presented at the chosen types of news that illustrate individual features of particular types of news in brief form. The annex contains the news in a full version.
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The origin of the Nazi death camps 1941 - 1942
Hájek, Jakub ; Jeřábek, Martin (advisor) ; Moravcová, Dagmar (referee)
The bachelor thesis "The origin of the Nazi death camps 1941 - 1942" explores the escalation of the Jewish persecution in the period between the attack on the Soviet Union and the Wannsee Conference. The focus of this thesis lies in the cricial period for the destiny of the Jews in the Nazi Germany, with its stressing the most important points that led to the gradual escalation of the Jewish persecution. The killing starts with searching the most suitable destination for the deportations, and it proceeds to numerous murders in which there were the origins for the mass killings that followed. These were known as the "final solution" and they took place in a highly elaborated system of camps which were later called "death camps". The main focus is therefore the distribution of the directions, control and coordination of the killings by the Nazi security institutions and administration. This is because the formation of the administration and progressive centralization of the Jewish persecution are the most important points for the understanding of how this mass killing could be so carefully controlled by the Nazis and how it could develop from such local activities to the massively industrialized killings of the Jews from the entire Europe.
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Types of word-formation in modern standard Chinese and the effect of word-formation on the typology
Sun, Linda ; Maršálek, Jakub (advisor) ; Pavlík, Štěpán (referee)
Tvoření slov rozumíme vznik nových slov na základě už existujících forem v daném jazyce. Tento způsob je nejdůležitějším zdrojem obohacování slovní zásoby. Proces vzniku nového slova probíhá na principu hledání odpovídajícího pojmenování pro určitou myšlenkovou bázi, přitom se vychází od konkrétní známé formy. Nová slova vznikají rozličnými postupy. Nejrozšířenější způsoby tvoření slov jsou afixace a skládání (kompozice). Okrajově se v odborné literatuře uvádí i zkracování (abreviace), nastavování slov, mechanické krácení atd. V čínštině se běžně uplatňují afixace, kompozice, abreviace a navíc i zdvojení významových jednotek (reduplikace). Při tvoření slov derivací a reduplikací se zpravidla vychází z jednoho základu a při kompozici ze dvou a více. Naším úkolem je seznámit čtenáře s těmito způsoby tvoření slov v moderní čínštině. Přitom nemáme za cíl podat vyčerpávající výklad o možných existujících slovotvorných typech, ale budeme se zabývat jen těmi produktivními a představíme ty nejběžnější neproduktivní. Při popisu jednotlivých způsobů slovotvorby si budeme všímat zejména funkcí odvozovacích morfémů (prefixů, infixů a sufixů), významových změn při tvoření slov a struktur a slovnědruhové příslušnosti vzniklých slov. Hlavní pozornost věnujeme typům vytváření kompozit s důrazem na analýzu sémantických...
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Classical and modern methods of money laundering
Vrba, Tomáš ; Marek, Petr (advisor) ; Makovec, Martin (referee)
Money laundering is the process where money from illegal activities are transformed into legal money. Those washed money help people who are engaged in illegal activities. And this is why money laundering is considered a crime. In my thesis I try to explain the concept of money laundering, how this process goes on and its most considerable parts. I also try to mention indicators that could be linked to money laundering. Of course, this work also puts stress on control, measures against money laundering (particularly in the Czech Republic) and gives us a brief description of some offices, which are also engaged in the problem. This work contains other possible methods, which could in my view be used in the process of money laundering. However, considering the broadness of the topic of money laundering at present and the continuous development of new techniques every day, this work represents just an outline of the basic issues.
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Predisposing factors of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis VI.
Pokorná, Michaela ; Kestřánek, Jan (referee) ; Jílek, Petr (advisor)
1. Summary This thesis examines the impact of life contentment, general attitude towards life, and stress on recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVK) which is considered to be one of the most common vaginal infections. It is widely stated that approximately 75% of women suffer from vulvovaginal candidiasis at least once in a lifetime. The recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis is defined as three, respectively four or more attacks of the vulvovaginal candidiasis within one year. Background: The aim of this thesis is to verify whether stress is one of RVVC initiating agents and whether method used of collecting data in homogenous cohort is usable for more heterogeneous and bigger group of women. Methods: Data from woman patients have been obtained through specifically designed questionnaires with one part comprising a set of questions aimed at life contentment and a degree of stress vulnerability. These questionnaires have been completed by 329 women, a return ratio of 82.7%). Data were statistically analysed by means of Student's t-test. Results: The findings reveal that the patients' contentment belonging to the RVVK category compared with a control group proves lower, in some areas showing even significant statistical disproportion. The most apparent discrepancy has been discovered in terms of contentment...
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