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Power Spot Market of the European Energy Exchange and Its Influence on the Czech Power Market
Vavřičková, Jana ; Červinka, Michal (advisor) ; Krištoufek, Ladislav (referee)
The main purpose of the thesis is providing a detailed description of the clearing process on power spot market of European Energy Exchange (EEX), in view of the algorithmic methods employed. The thesis encompasses the mathematical formulation of the discrete optimization problem solved in the price determination process while the algorithm searches for such combination of block and hourly orders to be executed that would minimize the social cost associated to the chosen combination of orders. The market and network constraints typical for electricity trading are considered by the algorithm in the price determination process. The first chapter also provides the reader with basic knowledge of the trading on the Prague-based Power Exchange Central Europe. The last chapter contains an empirical analysis of the spot prices of the Czech and German power markets, which uses vector autoregression to test the hypothesis of dependance of the development of Czech spot energy prices on their German counterparts. Key words: EEX, PXE, spot markets, clearing process, COSMOS, discrete optimization, branch- and-bound
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Latitudinal gradient of biodiversity and its dependence on rate of ecological processes and evolutionary processes
Krupička, Jan ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Kubička, Lukáš (referee)
Unevenness in the distribution of species diversity on the surface of the earth is one of the most striking phenomena in ecology. Latitudinal gradient of biodiversity could be explained by different rates of evolutionary processes such as speciation and ecological processes that control the ratebof extinction. The goal is to collect and evaluate the literature on the temperature dependence or latitudinal trends in the rates of these processes. Matabolic theory of biodiversity serves as the best explanation of the rates of evolutinary processes and their dependance on temperatur, while an explanation of the rate of ecological process is lacking in empirical data and theories that would put them in relation to temperature and latitude. Explanation by More individual hypotheisis was proved unconvincing.
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Genomic imprinting and evolution of sexually dimorphic traits
Farkačová, Klára ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (advisor) ; Munclinger, Pavel (referee)
Genomic imprinting is a process whereby expression of an allele differs depending upon its parent of origin. It can be found on autosomes and also on sex chromosomes. Basic hypothesis for the evolution of genomic imprinting is the hypothesis based on the existence of sexual conflict. It can be classified into interlocus sexual conflict and intralocus sexual conflict hypotheses. Under interlocus sexual conflict hypothesis we can diffferentiate parental conflict hypothesis and parent-offspring conflict hypothesis. These theories were historically proposed for the first two taxonomical groups, where genomic imprinting was discovered, namely for angiosperms and placental mammals. Theory of parental conflict proposes that genomic imprinting evolved because the paternally inherited alleles are more selfish to mothers than are the maternally inherited alleles. Parent-offspring conflict hypothesis proposes that genomic imprinting evolved because maternal genes try to regulate demands of paternally inherited alleles in embryos. More recently, genomic imprinting has been found also in other taxons and in alleles, which do not bring any advantage during embryonic development. The intralocus sexual conflict hypothesis is applicable for every trait under sexually-specific selection. It provides potential...
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Residents of retirements homes in region of Zlín in point of demographic view
Lukácsová, Hana ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (referee)
Residents of retirements homes in region of Zlín in point of demographic view Abstract Presented work introduces the law no. 108/2006 on social services that determines retirements homes as one of the facilities providing social services. The capacity of these facilities in the Zlín region is evaluated with the help of availability indices and facility normatives. More detailed attention was drawn to an analysis of age, gender, former permanent address and dependence degree of residents in selected retirement homes. This part of the research is based on data provided by five retirement homes in Zlín region. Obtained data was evaluated with the Kaplan-Meier method in order to estimate surviving function for these clients. The resemblance was tested employing the determination of the null hypothesis by log-rank test or Wilcoxon test. Keywords: ageing, residents of retirements homes, law on social services, survival analysis
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Sociality and ecology in ground squirrels (tribe Marmotini).
Matějů, Jan ; Vohralík, Vladimír (advisor) ; Macholán, Miloš (referee) ; Zima, Jan (referee)
of the Ph.D. thesis Autor: Jan Matějů Name: Sociality and ecology in ground squirrels (tribe Marmotini) Ground-dwelling squirrels are parafyletic group of rodents from the family Sciuridae (tribes Marmotini and Xerini). Ground-dwelling squirrels are semi-fossorial inhabitants of treeless biotopes. They share most aspects of general biology. They usually breed once a year, have exclusively diurnal activity and are omnivorous. On the contrary, ground-dwelling squirrels display different levels of sociality, which makes them an ideal model to study different ecological aspects connected with evolution of sociality. The first part of the Ph.D. thesis is focused on the relationship between sociality and sexual size dimorphism and relative and absolute size of brain. At first, supposing that different levels of sociality are connected with differences in intensity of sexual selection acting on males, we tested association between sociality and sexual size dimorphism as well as association between sexual size dimorphism and body size - so called Rensch rule. Next, we tested correlation between sociality and relative brain size. In agreement with the Social brain hypothesis, we assumed that e.g. solitarily living species should have smaller relative brain size than species living in stable pairs. We found...
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Role of leptin and α1-adrenergic receptors in regulation of energy expenditure in A/J mice
Šárková, Jana ; Kopecký, Jan (advisor) ; Nováková, Olga (referee)
Obesity and associated disorders are becoming one of the most serious problems for healthcare systems in the developed countries. Possible treatment for obesity and the associated disorders would be to increase energy expenditure. It is known that leptin regulates food intake and energy expenditure, both among rodents and humans. Leptin acts directly on tissues and also indirectly by affecting hypothalamus and stimulation of sympathetic nervous system, involving α1-adrenergic receptors. The aim of the study was to establish if leptin and α1-adrenergic stimulation of peripheral tissues are important for resistance of A/J mice strain to obesity induced by high-fat diet. Unlike in mice of B6 strain, which are prone to obesity, in A/J mice, which are resistant to obesity, high-fat dietfeeding during two weeks after weaning led to increased leptin levels in blood. In A/J mice, phenylephrine, the agonist of α1-adrenergic receptors, induced increase of energy expenditure as measured by indirect calorimetry. Circadian rhytmus of leptin levels in blood changed in dependance on diet in A/J mice strain. The results support a hypothesis that leptin-dependent adrenergic stimulation is important for control of energy expenditure, and hence for susceptibility to obesity. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Effect of perinatal hypoxia on cardiac tolerance to acute ischaemia in adult male and female rats.
Netuka, Ivan ; Pirk, Jan (advisor) ; Tošovský, Jan (referee) ; Vojáček, Jan (referee)
Background: The number of adult patients with history of hypoxaemic insult in childhood has increased significantly. Cardiac interventions performed on these individuals in adulthood have become frequent. The evidence of their possibly specific response to ischaemia while undergoing these procedures is scarce and not sufficiently conclusive. Aim: The aims can be summarized as follows: 1. to develop a method of appropriate measurement and assessement of infarct size induced by regional ischaemia on isolated perfused rat heart; 2. to examine the effect of different types of perinatal hypoxia to the tolerance of the adult myocardium to acute ischaemia/reperfusion injury with regard to sex. (...) Conclusions: The results of the present study support the hypothesis that perinatal hypoxia is a primary programming stimulus in the heart that may lead to sex-dependent changes in cardiac tolerance to acute ischaemia in later adult life. This would have important implications for patients who have experienced prolonged hypoxaemia in early life.
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Income inequality and redistribution in Europe
Tóthová, Simona ; Gregor, Martin (advisor) ; Lopušník, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis is an empirical investigation of the relationship between income inequality and redistribution and their impact on the poorest segment of population. It is examined by two models in which we use transformed Gini coefficient as a measure of income inequality and sharegain (difference between disposable and factor income share of given decile) as a measure of redistribution. Relationships are tested on a sample consisting of 24 European countries in the period 1990 -2005. This sample is deeply analyzed with special emphasis put on post-communist countries. First model points out that redistribution can be a luxury social good. Second model shows the inverse process and supports the hypothesis of positive relationship between redistribution and overall income equality. Keywords income inequality, redistribution, factor income, disposable income, Gini coefficient, sharegain
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Tax literacy among small businessmen of different nationalities
Tran, Thu Thao ; Pavel, Jan (advisor) ; Tepperová, Jana (referee)
This work is focused on tax literacy among small businessmen of czech and vietnamese origin. The main aim is to evaluate tax knowledge of small businessmen and find out on which aspects knowledge depends. Knowledge was rated on the basis of questionnaire, which was later evaluated. To solve this tax literacy issue, there was uttered a hypothesis, which was tested by test of independence. Conclusion of this test is, that businessmen knowledge depends on their nationality. Contribution of this work is determination of dependence between language skills and tax literacy.
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