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Analysis of organic acids by a novel procedure of extractive derivatization in human plasma and serum by GC/MS
JAHODOVÁ, Lucie
The theme of the bachelor{\crq}s thesis was ``The Analysis of Organic Acids by New Extractive Derivatization Process in Blood Plasma and Serum Using the GC/MS Technique{\crqq}. The objective of the thesis was to develop a method for fast determination of organic acids by a new process of extractive derivatization, to identify and determine organic acids in body fluids, to compare their abundance and to evaluate the possibility of implementation of this method in clinical diagnostics. Body fluids contain hundreds of organic acids, which co-create a clinical picture of a patient{\crq}s health condition. The current research focuses on implementation of methods providing for comprehensive, metabolism-based analysis of these metabolites important from the point of view of diagnostics. Nowadays, an analyst can select from a wide range of methods and several effective analytical and separation techniques for separation, determination and identification of organic acids in complex biological matrices. In the introductory, theoretical part of the bachelor{\crq}s thesis, the knowledge of properties of organic acids and possibilities of their determination are summarized. In the practical part, the method of fast determination of organic acids in body fluids by the GC/MS techniques was developed. By means of this technique, it is possible to analyze large quantities of organic acids in minimum volume of body fluid. Derivatization of a set of several tens of organic acids with ethyl chloroformate in aqueous medium was carried out. The reaction proceeds very fast and at laboratory temperature. The applicability of the developed method was verified through analysis of organic acids in biological samples. In samples of blood serum and plasma, tens of organic acids were identified by means of the above-mentioned method, retention data and EI mass spectra. Experiments performed for the purpose of this thesis proved that derivatization with chloroformates in aqueous medium is a relatively simple, fast and promising method for analysis of organic acids. Follow-up experimental research is necessary to make the methodology applicable in clinical diagnostics and to define advantages and limitations of this new methodological procedure.
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Cold hardiness of larvae of the fruit fly, \kur{Drosophila melanogaster} (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
KORBELOVÁ, Jaroslava
We assessed survival of larvae of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster at low temperatures (0°C and 5°C) after rearing them under seven different acclimation regimes. Larvae that have developed in a standard diet at 25°C showed 50% mortality after 12,6 min of the exposure to 0°C (Lt50 = 0.21 h). In contrast, larvae that have developed in a diet enriched with glycerol at 15°C, and were cold acclimated at 5°C during last two days of their development, had Lt50 = 38.6 h. It means that it was possible to increase the Lt50 at 0°C more than 180-fold using simple manipulations with rearing temperatures and diet composition. The physiological differences in duration of larval development, fresh mass, dry mass, hydration and total contents of proteins, lipids and glycogen between the larvae belonging to different acclimation variants are described. The samples for future detailed metabolomic analysis were prepared.
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Secondary metabolite production in actinomycetes causing and suppressing common scab of potatoes
Komžák, Ondřej ; Bosáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Slaninová Kyselková, Martina (referee)
This diploma thesis focused on screening for bacterial pathogens and antagonists suppressing common scab mainly caused by Streptomyces scabiei. Common scab affects some agricultural crops causing significant economical losses. Bacterial strains, mostly streptomycetes, were isolated from potato rhizosphere because they belong to most important producents of secondary metabolites and the causative agents of the disease are also members of this genus. The isolated bacteria were characterised by PCR amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene to reveal their phylogenetic relationships. The ability of isolated strains to suppress growth of Streptomyces scabiei was tested by a simple co-cultivation experiment. The strains were tested by PCR for presence of specific genes for biosynthesis of thaxtomin A, a common virulence factor found in all described pathogens causing symptoms of this disease on the surface of affected tubers. Genes for synthesis of thaxtomin belong to pathogenicity island. Standard of phytotoxin thaxtomin A was used to optimize its analysis by mass spectroscopy for further in vivo and in vitro experiments. Phylogenetic analysis of strains harboring one of the genes necessary for thaxtomin A biosynthesis supported the hypothesis of sharing the pathogenicity island by horizontal gene...
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The influence of the stellar mass-loss on the dynamics of star clusters
Dinnbier, František ; Jungwiert, Bruno (advisor) ; Šubr, Ladislav (referee)
This work aims at studying the influence of the stellar mass-loss, resulting from the stellar evolution, on the dynamics of massive star clusters. The emphasis has been put on the mass-loss by low-mass and intermediate-mass stars (m < 8 Mo) that form, at the end of their life, a planetary nebula. The expansion speed of gas released by these stars is lower than the escape speed from sufficiently massive star clusters, and the gas can be retained by the cluster. For modelling of the gas hydrodynamics, a simple sticky-particles method was used. To carry out simulations in which gaseous and stellar particles mutually interact through their gravity, substantial modifications had to be realized in the N-body codes Nbody6 and Hermit. For the sake of comparing the influence of stellar mass-loss and relaxation processes, which are happening in the simplified model, two types of simulations were performed: one with the formation of gaseous particles and the other consisting of purely stellar component. The simulations in which the gas component was present showed out a significantly different evolution in the central part of the cluster than those in which the presence of gas was not considered.
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ANALYTIC FORMULAE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF DIAGONALIZABLE DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
Kozánek, Jan
In this paper the formulae for regular stiffness matrix and matrix of viscous damping and for complex modal matrix of left eigenvectors from regular mass matrix, diagonal spectral matrix and from complex modal matrix of right eiegenvectors was deduced. Finally, the resolvent of this system was expressed in simple additive form. The corresponding formulae for dynamical systems with commutative matrix of viscous damping and with corresponding real modal matrix of right eigenvectors was given, too.
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The project of Boris Akunin - an example of literary strategy at the turn of XX-XXI centuries
Volkova, Natalia ; Glanc, Tomáš (advisor) ; Janáček, Pavel (referee) ; Sýkora, Michal (referee)
This work deals with the literaturary project "B. Akunin", which was defined by it's creator G. Chkhartishvili as a "quality literature for the mass reader". When they wish to characterise the project, critics emphasize the use of an adventure plot combined with interesting style and intertextual play. We see a tendency to place the project in the "middle level", which in their hierarchy is somewhere between the literature created for the "happy few" and consumer fiction. However convergence of mass and elite culture is too general a trend in postmodernist literary strategy to be sufficiently characteristic of a concrete author. Our research covers all the texts published to the present day under the names of both G. Chkhartishvili and B. Akunin. It was the part of the extratextual strategy of the author to construct an image of himself as a writer of serious, almost scientific prose, who began to write detective stories for his own and his readers' enjoyment. The author generally uses mass clichés whenever he describes his heroes and action scenes in the story. He uses a great many simple references to the other literaturary works in his texts which should be understandable by every reader. At the same time we find other, more complicated references requiring knowledge of a wider literary "encyclopedia"....
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The project of Boris Akunin - an example of literary strategy at the turn of XX-XXI centuries
Volkova, Natalia ; Glanc, Tomáš (advisor) ; Janáček, Pavel (referee) ; Sýkora, Michal (referee)
This work deals with the literaturary project "B. Akunin", which was defined by it's creator G. Chkhartishvili as a "quality literature for the mass reader". When they wish to characterise the project, critics emphasize the use of an adventure plot combined with interesting style and intertextual play. We see a tendency to place the project in the "middle level", which in their hierarchy is somewhere between the literature created for the "happy few" and consumer fiction. However convergence of mass and elite culture is too general a trend in postmodernist literary strategy to be sufficiently characteristic of a concrete author. Our research covers all the texts published to the present day under the names of both G. Chkhartishvili and B. Akunin. It was the part of the extratextual strategy of the author to construct an image of himself as a writer of serious, almost scientific prose, who began to write detective stories for his own and his readers' enjoyment. The author generally uses mass clichés whenever he describes his heroes and action scenes in the story. He uses a great many simple references to the other literaturary works in his texts which should be understandable by every reader. At the same time we find other, more complicated references requiring knowledge of a wider literary "encyclopedia"....
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Runoff Changes in the Šumava/Bohemian Forest Region
Fiala, Ondřej ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Královec, Václav (referee)
RUNOFF CHANGES IN THE ŠUMAVA / BOHEMIAN FOREST REGION Abstract: The goal of this thesis is to the evaluation of possible causes of changes in runoff regime in the Šumava region from time and spacial point of view. The thesis includes research and applied part. The research part is dedicated to methods of evaluation of runoff changes and their possible causes in teh Šumava region such as anthropogenic factors (changes in the river network, dams, drainage, land - use changes), natural factors (climate changes, peatbogs influence) and disturbances (wind calamities and bark beetle outbreaks, floods). In the applied part there is an analysis of precipitaion - runoff regime for long-term time series of average annual, monthly and minimal daily discharges and monthly precipitations for selected gauging stations in upper Otava, Ostružná, Volyňka, upper Blanice and Teplá Vltava basins using simple and double mass curves and Mann - Kendall test. In conclusion the achieved results were evaluated, discussed and compared with subject publications. Key words: disturbance, Mann - Kendall test, runoff, discharge, mass curves, precipitation, Šumava, changes
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Evaluation of precipitation forecast from the point of view of hydrological forecasting in small catchments
Pecha, Martin ; Čekal, Radek (referee) ; Daňhelka, Jan (advisor)
In this work we have evaluated NWP ALADIN quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) for selected headwater areas of the Czech part of the Elbe river basin. Work describes geographical characteristics of 9 small study basins, and gives an overview of important synoptic situations and theory of NWP ALADIN. Different applied statistical methods (f.e. double mass curve, CDF, frequency diagram, discrimination and reliability) are introduced. Results have proved over-forecasting of days with precipitations especially those of light precipitation up to 1 mm and partly also up to 5 mm. On the other hand basins that are not exposed to prevailing western flows show under-forecasting of precipitation higher than 8 mm. Evaluation also proved the significant change in forecasting performance due to change in model resolution in 2005. The change was more significant in basins exposed to west and in basins in middle altitudes and spatially limited highlands. Simple quantile transformation resulted in improvement of forecast of total long term volume of precipitation in most of the study basins. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Creation of an experimental wireless sensor network
Piro, Šimon ; Šimek, Milan (referee) ; Botta, Miroslav (advisor)
In this thesis, there will be experimental wireless sensor network created. Simple mo- nitoring application will be running on this network and storing data in database. For easier maintaining of network, there will be prototype system created, which will allow remote firmware upload to network nodes. This system will use Bootloader application from Atmel company combined with Serial to Ethernet converter. This system will al- lows mass upload of firmware to nodes from any place in the world with Internet access. Information about network will be stored in database which will include table for nodes and connections where its possible to see link quality for each link in the network.
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