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The influence of management on biodiversity of vertebrates model groups {--} small mammals.
KOUTNÍKOVÁ, Lenka
This thesis creates a part of more extensive scientific study, which evaluates effects of different agricultural management on ecological functions and on landscapes´s water regime in source water areas of Bohemian Forest. A one of examined characteristic of catchment is biodiversity of plant and animal communities. The aim of my thesis is a comparsion of diversity of small terrestrial mammals in three catchments with similar nature conditions, but different management. Small terrestrial mammals is a group of vertebrates often used for study of enviromental state, because of their high reprodctive potential, good invasive ability and ability to indicate the changes in environmental quality. The master thesis is a follow-up to a previous bachelor thesis and extends it significantly. A teoretical part involves literary review of small mammals´s occurrence in Bohemian Forest, their micro-habitat preferences and the effect of management on the biodiversity of their communities. Practical part of the thesis contains evaluation of the results of capture-mark-release trapping, which took place from June to September of the years 2007 and 2009. In those two years 52 individuals were captured. From this amount, 7 individuals were captured twice. Captured small mammals were included into 5 species, whose occurrence in studied localities was expected. There were yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis - 22 individuals), field vole (Microtus agrestis - 6 individuals), common vole (Mircotus arvalis - 10 individuals), bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus {--} 2 individuals) and common shrew (Sorex araneus - 5 individuals). In the Bukový potok catchment 20 individuals were captured in 2007 and only 2 individuals in 2009. They belong to species: Apodemus flavicollis, Clethrionomys glareolus and Sorex araneus. In catchment of Mlýnský potok no individual was captured in 2007 and 10 individuals of only one species (Mircotus arvalis) were captured in 2009. In Horský potok catchment 5 individuals were captured in 2007 and 8 individuals in 2009. Three species were found: Apodemus flavicollis, Microtus agrestis, Clethrionomys glareolus a Sorex araneus. The largest positive change of abundance between 2007 and 2009 was found in the Mlýnský potok catchment. The largest fall of abundanace was in the catchment of Bukový potok. Only in catchment of Horský potok the relatively stable abundance was noticed. The thesis was supported by projects: MSM 6007665806, NAZV-QH82106 a NPV2-2B08006.
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Modelling the runoff from snowpack in the forest and in open areas
Podzimek, Slávek ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Langhammer, Jakub (referee)
Modelling the runoff from snowpack in the forest and in open areas Abstract Spring floods are closely related to the issue of snow. It is very important to study the process of snow accumulation and snowmelt in mountainous areas, where the monitoring of the snow water equivalent throughout the winter season is carried out. Snow water equivalent indicates the amount of water bounded in the snow, and therefore it represents a potential danger during snow-melt. The thesis is dealing with snowmelt processes and particularly with the impact of vegetation on the runoff process during snowmelt. The lumped rainfall-runoff model HEC- HMS was used for the modelling. Modelling of snowmelt runoff was carried out by means of degree-day method. The model was applied on the Zlatý Brook catchment in the Ore Mountains. The degree-day method is very sophisticated method and takes into account the snowmelt dynamics during precipitation and snowmelt in the period without any precipitation. The method takes into account the effect of heat emitted by the Earth's surface. The method tries to capture the overall energy balance of snowpack by means of air temperature. The model simulated the evolution of snow water equivalent and discharge in the winter 2009/2010. Simulated discharges were compared with observed ones. After model...
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Development of tourism in protected areas
Švarcová, Alice ; Petrů, Zdenka (advisor) ; Straková, Ivana (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to focus on future development of tourism in the czech national park Krkonoše. This region is divided in a conflict between ecologists and supporters of further development of tourism in the area. National park is a traditional and popular tourist destination but the protection of nature is an important aspect of any further development. The only possible future of the czech mountains is development acording to the principles of sustainability.
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Streamflow generation process and its dynamics in the Otava river headwaters
Kocum, Jan ; Janský, Bohumír (advisor) ; Hladný, Josef (referee) ; Kříž, Vladislav (referee)
In context of catastrophic floods and extreme droughts in recent years there is an urgent need of solving of issues dealing with protection against hydrological extremes, not using just classical engineering methods but also untraditional practices. There is a new protection strategy focusing on gradual increase of river catchment retention capacity including its headwater regions. All of the issues related to various possibilities and measures leading to river headstream areas retention capacity increase should be discussed by experts in various fields taking into account objectives and priorities of a supra-regional, regional and local significance. Natural runoff process is affected by man already by its birth, thus in headwaters where numerous procedures related to runoff retardation and water retention increase in headstream areas could be realized. Suitable conditions for the research realization at present is related to the Otava River headwaters (sw. Czechia) representing the core zone of a number of extreme runoff events and with high heterogeneity in the terms of physical-geographic and socio-economic aspects. To understand and clarify the runoff generation process and the effect of various physical-geographic factors on its dynamics, the detailed analyses of runoff regime in chosen...
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History of the town Nejdek in years 1945-1950
Andrš, Pavel ; Kvaček, Robert (referee) ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor)
In this project there are some problems after the Second world war - especially political, cultural and ethnic transformations in the years 1945 or 1946. Other questions are solved in that project, which were not elaborated or very little. For example: František Rajman, who was the chairman of the city (1945 to 1946), perpetrated the suicide. The representation of the political parties in the government of the city and the district. In the attachment there are a lot of photos, tables, maps and articles.
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Impact of commercial urban sprawl on soil cover on the outskirts of Prague and its future predictions
Havel, Petr ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
The urban sprawl cannot be any longer perceived as a solely esthetic and socioeconomic problem. The process of shift of population and activities from city centre to its fringe has significant environmental impacts as well. Typicaly, suburban areas are spatially and therefore energetically demanding, the landscape is being fragmented by their presence and the natural environment of organisms is severely modified or destroyed. Soil sealing and impervious surfaces lead to altered heat and moist regimes, infiltration rate and runoff. Soils at city fringe - usually very productive and valuable - are endangered by total loss of all of their functions, both environmental and agricultural. That is also the case of Prague surroundings, where high quality soils, which are supposed to be protected by the law, are irreversibly degraded by urban sprawl. Logistic regression model in this work has proved that commercial urban sprawl tends to occur in areas with a good logistic position and a level terrain. The awareness of factors, which are favorable for urban sprawl, can be utilized in future to make local planning more effective and prevent sealing of high-quality agricultural soils, which are currently built on. By sprawling on an agricultural land, Czech Republic loses its natural wealth and valuable...
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Analysis of the subsurface struckutes location in representative transections of the research catchments
DUBEC, Štěpán
This theses is focused on the description of subsurface in the area of interest - Kopaninský and Jenínský stream catchment - and consequently thy most accurate interpretation depth of impermeable bedrock. Geophysical multicable metod (ERT - electrical resistivity tomography") was selected for field measurements. This method of geophysical survey provides the information on subsurface structures, verifies hypotheses and brings new information on the lithological and structural conditions below the surface. ERT measurements were performed automatically by geoelektrical ARES device in combination with inteligent electrodes. The data obtained by field measurements were plotter in the form of resistive sections (using ReS2DInv software) which were used for the later interpretation. The given results determine the depth and process of impermeable bedrock which are important for more accurate data inputs like for modeling rainfall-runoff processes especially in the field of calibration and validation of each adjustment of models as well as for the next other hydrogical analyzes and studies carried out in the research projects. The purpose of this work is to determine the depth of impermeable bedrock and could serve as a data input for MIKE SHE hydrological modeling.
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Zpracování plánu pěče pro lokalitu Mrzenáč v Novohradských horách
KADLEC, Michal
Main aim of this work is to create plan of care for Mrzenáč locality in Novohradské Hory Mts according to the methodology approved on the 29th September 2004 under No.M/100856/04. First part provides introduction into basic facts and history of Mrzenáč locality. Main body of this work is divided into two major parts. First part includes complete geophysical characteristic of chosen locality based on available materials. This section consist of chapters which describes geology, climatology, geomorphology, hydrology, pedology and biogeography. Human influence, such as logging, hunting and touristic activities are described in this part. Also contains influence of natural disasters of recent years such as 2002 floods and Kyrill storm in 2007. Second section is mostly aimed at plan of care itself. After studying materials and field survey it was decided to create plan of care. Plan was created under the bill No. 60/2008 which covers labeling, evidence and declaration of protected areas and national parks. Data obtained during interview with workers of Nové Hrady forest administration office were largely used when composing plan of care. Photographic documentation was created by author himself during field survey and is included in this work. All the map attachments in this work were created using geographical software GIS. Maps were mainly created using ZABAGED data provided by ČÚZK.
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Evaluation of water quality and runoff characteristics in the Jenínský stream catchment.
KROPÁČEK, Robin
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate water quality and runoff characteristics in the Jenínský stream catchment. For this purpose analysis and data processing was performed. Two subcatchments, called J1 and J2, were monitored at this catchment area. Period of interest involves years 2008-2012. Results were compared with the period 1983-1985 when most of the land was used as arable land. The decrease in the concentrations of all evaluated indicators was caused by grassing and reduction in the use of fertilisers. Ranges of the values of selected indicators also decreased distinctly and their concentrations are stabilized. The greatest decrease of 79% (J1) and 87% (J2) was found in average ammonium concentrations. A beneficial effect of land use change to extensive agricultural management on water quality was proven.
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Water retention in experimental waterbasins with focus on histosols
Vlček, Lukáš ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kliment, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis is being written within the framework of the project GA UK 2371/2007 "Water retention in spring areas as a tool of integrated anti-floods protection and solution of problems with dryness" at the Institute of Physical Geography and Geoecology. The influence of histosols on retention, especially in the National Park of Šumava, is a delicate topic because of collision of nature protection and valuable biotopes preservation on one hand and countryside utilization for anti-floods protection on the other hand. The thesis follows the bachelor thesis "Water retention of histosols". It includes a detailed pedological analysis of the basins of 'Rokytka' and 'Černý potok'. The result of the thesis is water retention determination in the basins and calculation of overall soil retentive potential. The thesis also addresses the analysis of the influence of organic soil on retentive potential of countryside. Keywords: water retention, histosols
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