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European Union's Food Safety Policy and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)
Hermanová, Jana ; Grmelová, Nicole (advisor) ; Vavrečka, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the current food safety policy and the general principles of food law. The first and second parts describe a progress and current legal regulations in the field of food safety. The aim of the third part is to analyse three judgements of the European Court of Justice, related to the food safety. Next section is focused to the European Food Safety Authority and its work - providing assistance and independent scientific advices. The last part describes a present situation of the food safety system in the Czech Republic.
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Poker as a riskless investment?
Radu, Valentin ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Houdek, Petr (referee)
Poker is considered to be a form of gambling in which luck influences the course and result of the game. However, from a scientific point of view, the element of luck can be proven irrelevant in the long run, if the players use exact sciences in their process of decision making. This Bachelor's thesis analyzes this game and it's importance in history as a consumer good, offering the consumers a certain degree of satisfaction for their demand. It also presents the connection and influences between poker and game theory explaining it's importance in decision making in this game. The body of this thesis explains the application of mathematics and probability in poker and how a player can use them together with statistics to make himself profitable in the long run. Important mathematics based poker theories issued by multiple world champions and their use in the decision of the players are also explained along with how their use can advert the factor of luck and offer a high degree of certainty to the subjects involved in the uncertain game. Finally the thesis researches the economics of poker from the players point of view, but also the giant corporations of this, multinational billion dollar industry, which bring this good to the market for individuals.
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Non-negative linear operators and their use in econometric and statistic models
Horský, Richard ; Arlt, Josef (advisor) ; Vrabec, Michal (referee) ; Klazar, Martin (referee)
Non-negative operators, in special case non-negative matrices, are an interesting topics for many scientists and scientific teams from the beginning of the 20th century. It is not suprising because there are a lot of applications in different areas of science like economy, statistics, linear programming, computer science and others. We can give as the particular example the theory of the Markov chains in which we deal with non-negative matrices, so called transition matrices. They are of the special form and we called them stochastic matrices. Another example is given by the non-negative operator on spaces of infinite dimension which is employed in the theory of stochastic processes. It is the backward shift operator called the lag operator as well. The non-negativity in these examples is considered as the piecewise non-negativity. Another type of non-negativity is that in the sense of inner products. In the case of matrices we talk about positive-definite or positive-semidefinite matrices. A typical example is the covariance matrix of a random vector or symmetrization of any linear operator, for instance the symmetrization of the difference operator. The terms inverse problem or ill-posed problem have been gaining popularity in modern science since the middle of the last century. The subjects of the first publications in this area were related to quantum scattering theory, geophysics, astronomy and others. Thanks to powerful computers the chances for applications of the theory of inverse and ill-posed problems has extended in almost all fields of science which use mathematical methods. Ill-posed problems bear the feature of instability and there is the need of regularization if we want to get some reasonable solution. A typical example of the regularization is the differencing of stochastic process with the purpose to obtain a stationary process. Another concept of regularization used for solving e.g. integral equations with compact operators consists in application of regularization method as truncated singular value decomposition, Tichonov regularization method or Landweber iteration method. Mathematical tools employed in this work are those of the functional analysis. It is the area of mathematics in which distinct mathematical structures meet each other. They are structures built within different mathematical disciplines as mathematical analysis, topology, theory of sets, algebra (mainly linear algebra) and theory of measure (probability). The functional analysis framework enables us to obtain right formulations of definitions and problems providing the general view on the notions and problems of the theory of stochastic processes.
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Functional data analysis and modeling age-specific mortality and age-specific fertility
Bezchlebová, Daniela ; Bašta, Milan (advisor) ; Dotlačilová, Petra (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze two major indicators representing the processes of natural changes in population, which are not influenced by age structure -- age specific fertility rate and age specific mortality rate and to introduce functional data analysis, which has recently become increasingly applied in many scientific fields. The functional data analysis is introduced on the Czech demographic data set for more than last sixty years. The thesis briefly describes historical development of mortality and fertility and also describes selected methods of functional data analysis by using statistical program R. Functional data analysis provides a wide variety of graphics tools to explore the data which we called functional and help us to explore all typical and atypical features, identify outliers etc.
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Upbringing and reaching of persons with autistic spectrum disorders
Vocelová, Anna ; Reichel, Jiří (referee) ; Šnýdrová, Ivana (advisor)
The diploma thesis "Upbringing and teaching of persons with Autistic Spectrum Disorders" deals not only with diagnostics of individual autistic disorders, but also with pedagogical and educational approaches, integrating of autistic persons into the normal society, possibility to use their abilities etc. The Autistic Spectrum Disorders include Autism, Atypical Autism, Asperger syndrome, Rett syndrome and childhood disintegrative disorder. All these are among pervasive developmental disorders that typically appear within the first three years of life. the early examination is very important, otherwise the child can be misdiagnosed as mentally retard. Scientific studies showed, that many individuals with autism are not retarded, but in fact, they are unable to give their answers accurately for the determination of their iq in some intelligence tests. Autistic children and adults typically have difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interactions, and leisure or play activities. Relevant behavioral or cognitive intervention can help children gain get self-care, social, and communication skills. Only few people with autism live independently after reaching adulthood, however, but some of them become successful and they are relatively highfunctioning. However, many people with this diagnosis...
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Analysis of social behaviour of individuals in virtual networks
Lukavská, Zuzana ; Pstružina, Karel (advisor) ; Řepa, Václav (referee)
This thesis deals with the comparison of users' behaviour in virtuality and in reality. The thesis is divided into two interrelated parts. I'm analyzing participants' behavior according to results from our own research in chosen social network. I'm comparing the results with other scientific works and putting them into context with theoretical knowledge. I'm looking for conjunctions with reality, focus on the differences and trying to explain different behaviour of users of social networks. The theoretical part gives a comprehensive overview of the concepts of virtuality, social network and virtual world. It provides an overview of the potential danger lurking in the virtual reality, focusing on children, because for them is virtuality already a natural part of life, and they are also because of their credibility very vulnerable. It also deals with the meaning of the concept of friendship, which has in the virtual world a bit different meaning. It also examines the behaviour of individuals in various situations in a virtual environment and looks for reasons why people change their image, why they behave aggressively, and whether their virtual behaviour influence their behaviour in reality. I'm analyzing the differences between virtual and real communications and the influence of the increasing tendency of using virtual means of communication for real communication.
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Proceedings of works presented on the Seminar of Ph. D. students of Electron optics held on 16. December, 2002
Müllerová, Ilona
The volume contains extended abstracts or short manuscripts of contributions orally presented at one-day seminar of the doctoral students in Division of electron optics of the Institute of Scientific Instruments ASCR in Brno. The purpose of the first seminar of this kind, dated by the school year beginning in 2002, was to provide the students with opportunity to present and mutually confront their preliminary results and research plans and to pass the procedure of preparing and submitting a paper to proceedings.
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Individual Responsibility for Health
Hruška, Martin ; Křížová, Eva (advisor)
Since the sixties of the last century in the developed world begins to discover a new approach to health care, which tries to reflectmeaningful statistical data on causes of morbidity and prematuredeaths, along with new scientific representations of the relationshipsbetween different factors and their implications for the health condition of an individual.
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Manažerské propočty z hlediska logiky, analytické mikroekonomie a dalších teoretických disciplin
Hašková, Simona ; Jiroušek, Radim (advisor) ; Mrkvička, Tomáš (referee) ; Peregrin, Jaroslav (referee) ; Volf, Petr (referee)
It is no secret that 'managerial' solutions are not, on average, nearly as reliable as 'technical' solutions. The focus of this work is to clarify the reasons why this is so, and to seek ways to increase the reliability of managerial solutions. The causes of this situation are both subjective (human factor failure), which can be influenced, and objective (complexity of the problem, the specifics of human behaviour, etc.) that can be only minimally influenced. Significant subjective causes at work were identified as: a. cognitive distortions at the mental level of thinking of the problem solvers; b. deficiencies in making inference and drawing conclusions; c. incorrect argumentation. There are two ways to reduce these causes: 1. cultivation of managerial thinking of the problem solvers; 2. the use of reserves in the implementation of approaches and tools of theoretical disciplines that already operate successfully elsewhere and are beneficial for managerial solutions. The first way deals with procedures for managerial solutions formulated in the language of the relevant discipline (the language of management), expressed by natural language and the chain of formulas (calculations) and visual (graphic) tools in the form of managerial decision trees, diagrams and charts with the rules of 'managerial logic'. This is generally defined as a set of approaches, tools, methods and skills needed for credible justification when solving managerial problems. Specifically it deals with: - the 'case-based reasoning' approach, which aims at finding the best point of view on a given problem and analysing all considered aspects within its context step-by-step in detail; - translating the tools and methods of modern logic (especially its intuitionistic version) from the language of logic into the language of management taking into account the factual content of expressive means of the language of management including the ability of their effective application; - respecting the principles of rational and ethical argumentation within managerial solutions. The second way circumvents managerial solution procedures by recasting the managerial task to the task of a scientific discipline (logic, game theory, etc.) and derives the correct result therein. In this context we talk about the use of knowledge of theoretical disciplines in management. Both of these ways are demonstrated in the work in a number of illustrative examples and the annexed case studies addressing the specific tasks of managerial practice.
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