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Function and strategies of a neonatal sibling competition during access to teats in domestic pigs
Věchetová, Markéta ; Illmannová, Gudrun (advisor) ; Hejcmanová, Pavla (referee)
Domestic pigs have a high piglet mortality up to 20% during the first days post partum. It is unclear whether piglet mortality is caused by neonatal litter competition. Piglets are precocial and capable of active competition within minutes of birth on access to teats. There is very little known about this theme. The aim of the study is to review the behavioural mechanism of neonatal sibling competition during teat access and their consequences in domestic pigs. Factors which influence the level of neonatal litter competition should be considered. The consequences of the neonatal sibling competition should be reviewed on the survival and life history of individual piglets. Based on the knowledge from the literature an experimental design should be suggested for further experiments which clarify unknown aspects of litter competition.
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Influence of taphonomic factors on bone and dental tissue degradation.
Lichnerová, Katarína ; Eliášová, Hana (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
Post-mortem decomposition of skeletal remains is a response to the interactive effects of abiotic and biotic environmental factors (eg. climatic factors, the nature of the soil, the influence of water, microorganisms, plants, animals, humans). The present work deals with the effects of the taphonomic factors on skeletal and dental material. Only marginally affects the degradation of soft tissue. It describes changes in the integrity of the skeletal remains deposited on the surface or in the soil. Also discusses the extreme conditions that may be expose bones and teeth in connection with cannibalism or suppression of identity of the individual. Emphasises the importance of the knowledge of taphonomy tissues of the body in the context of archaeology and forensic anthropology.
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Ancient-DNA analysis of teeth and skeletal remains with utilization of miniSTR loci.
Kvítková, Dana ; Brouček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dobisíková, Miluše (referee)
During the last twenty years, immense progress occurred in the area of analysis of DNA extracted from historical material. Considering the common level of preservation of tissue material, this analysis is usually executed on samples procured from bones and teeth. The analysis of soft mummified tissue is possible only in rare cases. Limiting factor of these analyses is a high degree of degradation and small amount of DNA extractable from this kind of material. First researches concentrated only on short sections of mainly mitochondrial DNA. Today, the analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of both contemporary and extinct organisms was made possible. In case of analyses conducted on human remains, sections of nuclear DNA are far more valuable, because they can reveal information including not only subject's sex, but also possible kinship between subjects found e.g. in the same grave. Fundamental component of the whole analysis is the process of extracting DNA from cells. Probably every laboratory working with historical DNA uses a differently modified extract protocol. The main requirement for methods of extraction is to secure enough DNA with such a level of purity that would allow its use for following steps of the analysis. Taking in consideration high fragmentation of DNA, it is necessary...
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Tooth Clasification on Jaw 3D Polygonal Model
Hulík, Rostislav ; Španěl, Michal (referee) ; Kršek, Přemysl (advisor)
This document discusses a solution for tooth classification on 3D jaw polygonal model. Sequentially, I describe techniques for representation and browsing of polygonal model saved in computer memory, techniques for dental curve detection and finally, creation of surface representing approximated tooth plane. After it, I analyze possibilities of height map creation from jaw model which helps in tooth classification in the scope of entire dental curve context and, as a last step, final detection of these teeth in two dimensions. In the same time, I discuss 3D polygonal model segmentation for border extraction, which separates teeth from the rest of the model. In the end of proposed algorithm, I join these two runs into one final detection and classification process of separate teeth, so presented application can automatically indentify and classify teeth to corresponding names and positions with a minimum user interaction. In a second half of this document, I describe implemented solution. According to primary goal, I propose these techniques forcefully to multiplatform approach and maximal user comfort.
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Tooth Detection on Jaw 3D Computer Polygonal Model
Hulík, Rostislav ; Španěl, Michal (referee) ; Kršek, Přemysl (advisor)
This document discusses a concept and implementation of algorithms for teeth detection on 3D polygonal jaw model. At first, I describe possible shape detection techniques on three dimensional computer model, including utilization just in my case. After it, I analyze filtration problems of obtained model segments in order to reliably separate regions of tooth-arch from the rest of jaw. I included all these pieces of knowledge into a final application. Here, it is possible to choose from two user interfaces, first, classic user interface which demonstrates possible utilization in real world and second, testing interface which demonstrates functions of each detection and filtration method used in program and their effect on detection. Application is written in C++ language in development environment of MS Visual Studio 2005 and compiled with MS VS internal compiler. Tested was under MS Windows XP and MS Windows Vista OS.
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On the design and technology of a test bench for hydraulic engine
Duret, Mikhaël ; Sliwková, Petra (referee) ; Píška, Miroslav (advisor)
Every building needs to be built on solid foundations. Hydromills are machines used to make it possible in excavating very hard ground. This project is about the creation of a test bench for hydraulic motors called here hydromill motors. Excavating is really soliciting for the equipment and leads to many breakages that is why the company asked for the creation of a test bench to measure the lifespan and the reaction of their motors to the forces acting during the cutting. It is complicated to copy the forces and shocks happening in reality because they are very high with quick variations, also depending on the ground. This test bench will have to create high variable loads acting on several directions, a high counter-rotation torque corresponding with the resistance of the ground to the cutting, as well as angular and longitudinal shocks to simulate the hits on the rocks by the teeth.Furthermore the measuring of the internal pressure and hydraulic flow plus the deformations of the main parts of the motors has to be enable by the test bench. The main part of this internship was devoted to the choice of the technical solutions to realize the functions of the test bench as well as the research of companies able to create the test bench elements. Many of them are not conventional due to the high requirements and have to be manufactured individually. In the end an evaluation of the costs and production will give all the information to the company to decide to manufacture it.
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The creation of an educational program focused on dental hygiene for children at the 2nd grade of elementary school in České Budějovice.
VANIŠOVÁ, Hana
The bachelor thesis is focused on dental hygiene of children attending second grade of elementary school. Integral part of the thesis is an educational video program created for designated age bracket. The main goal of the thesis is an overall knowledge improvement of target audience in dental hygiene and highlighting of an oral hygiene importance in order to minimize the risk of dental carries and relation to a general health condition. The theoretical part is focused on children´s dentistry, dental anatomy and prevalent periodontal diseases like dental caries, gum inflammation or juvenile periodontitis. Considerable attention was paid to mechanical and chemical means and techniques of cleaning tooth. Next the theoretical part deals with primary prevention which is very important to avoid irreversible changes in oral health. Also influence and importance of proper nutrition for a good dental condition is mentioned. The practical part is formed on a questionnaire survey basis which was needful to map current dental hygiene level. Gathered information was essential for questionnaire processing, resulting in form of graphs and basis for content of the educational program. The main thesis aim is to stress necessity of a regular and a systematic dental care.
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Dental hygiene of pre-school children in the kindergartens in the district Jindřichův Hradec
ŠTONCNEROVÁ, Helena
The theme of dental hygiene of preschool children is a very current issue nowadays as ever growing importance is being ascribed to it. Regular and thorough removal of microbial dental plaque using appropriate technique plays an irreplaceable role in the prevention of dental caries, along with regular appointments with a dentist. The baccalaureate paper briefly maps the history and status quo of dental medicine, focusing primarily on the state of oral health of preschool children and prevention of dental caries. The theoretical chapter contains a description of teeth, the difference between temporary and permanent dentition, correct tooth cleaning technique, the frequency of tooth cleaning, and dental hygiene aids. The objective of the baccalaureate paper was to find out how and how often the nursery schools in the former district of Jindřichův Hradec attend to the dental hygiene of their pupils. Whether they are acquainted with the correct technique of tooth cleaning, the right grip of the tooth brush, and whether the subject of dental hygiene forms part of specialized lectures in these nursery schools were themes of my interest, too. Another part of my paper contains a draft of an educational program about dental hygiene, based on the results of a questionnaire that was part of my survey, with the aim of devising methodological instructions for preschool teachers as a way of promoting the adoption of proper habits in dental hygiene amongst preschool children.
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