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The theory of redistribution and its application
Mihalčinová, Hana ; Dlouhý, Martin (advisor) ; Valenčík, Radim (referee) ; Peško, Štefan (referee)
The theory of redistribution systems is a practical extension of a game theory, which deals with a redistribution within a social system of more than two players with di?erent performances and ability to create coalitions. This thesis is divided into three chapters. The ?rst chapter describes the known knowledge of a game theory. The second chapter deals with the theory of redistribution systems. Using an elementary redistribution system and its generalization group behaviour when dividing a payment, achieved by a collective performance, is described. This part introduces the extension of the redistribution system to a compound redistribution system with a fractal structure. Furthermore the theory of discriminatory equilibrium and the theory of commonly acceptable equilibrium are veri?ed using the elementary redistribution system and utility theory. The third chapter deals with an application to the allocation of funds among faculty departments. A game theory approach was used to reduce the game to a non-cooperative game of two players by using the forming of coalitions. Also the theory of redistribution systems was applied when a reduction was used to create a non-cooperative two-player game. This reduced non-cooperative game between two players was converted to a cooperative play of more than two players by changing the rules of the game and allowing a formation of coalitions. In the practical part both of these approaches are compared with real data and a current state.
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Postmaterialist value orientation and its diffusion around the world
Sekerová, Simona ; Dostál, Petr (advisor) ; Hanzlík, Jan (referee)
The thesis introduces Inglehart's theory of the diffusion of the postmaterialistic values also in light of other related theories such as Maslow's theory of the hierarchy of human needs or Kuhn's theory of scientific revolutions. The thesis then continues to present opinions of other scientists who disputed Inglehart's theory on various points, such as specifically Fukuyama and Huntington, who contested Inglehart's view on the causal relationship between the socio-cultural environment unique to each society and the universal principles that are arguably common to all postmaterialistic societies. Finally, the thesis explains the methods used to measure the proliferation of postmaterialistic values within societies and presents data collected in several dozen European states since the 1980s.
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The role of money in the Austrian business cycle theory
Šťastný, Vladimír ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Rybáček, Václav (referee)
Diplomová práce se nejprve zabývá popisem rakouské teorie hospodářského cyklu. Věnuje se teorii kapitálu, úloze úrokové míry a následně vysvětluje mechanismus hospodářského cyklu v pojetí rakouské teorie. Dále zahrnuje pohled na bankovní systém, jenž tvoří nedílnou součást teorie. V poslední, rozsáhlejší části, se práce detailně věnuje penězům a snaží se do jisté míry integrovat alternativní přístup k penězům do stávající podoby rakouské teorie hospodářského cyklu.
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Náklady v dopravě
Mruzek, Lukáš ; Eisler, Jan (advisor) ; Kunst, Jaromír (referee)
Ekonomická reforma v ČR nastartovala uplatňovaní tržních principů. Služby jsou definovány jako výkony pro trh, které mají nematerializovanou podobu. Na rozdíl od hmotných statků jsou nehmotné, neskladovatelné, nezkazitelné a často neviditelné. Absence rozpracované ekonomické teorie zaměřené podrobněji na problematiku podnikání ve službách jako takových a dále také s přihlédnutím ke zvláštnostem jednotlivých oborů služeb, umožňuje prosazování subjektivních názorů na racionální, hospodárné a efektivní podnikání v tomto odvětví, a to jak z pohledu státu, tak jeho regionů, ale i chybné nebo nesprávné aktivity podnikatelské sféry v tomto odvětví.
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Reaction of household energy demand to improvements in energy efficiency : What about the rebound effect?
Rubínová, Stela ; Mikolášek, Jakub (referee) ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor)
Energy efficiency improvements have become a major hope for decoupling the energy demand from economic growth and for achieving environmental goals. Nevertheless, effectiveness of policies based on promoting energy efficiency may be undermined by behavioral responses. More efficiently produced energy service becomes cheaper and economic theory then suggests that consumers should demand more of it, which will cause a loss of the potential technological saving. The phenomenon is called the rebound effect and it has become a focus of energy economists since early 80s. However, even today there is no clear consensus on its importance. Quantification of the rebound effect is mainly hampered by poor data availability and the comparison of results is not straightforward due to methodological differences. Our thesis concentrates right on the economic theory of the demand for energy services, definitions and methodology of its estimation. It provides a comprehensive overview of what was done in the domain and suggests which methodological approaches correspond the most to the economic theory.
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Finanční analýza podniku
Kolářová, Libuše ; Rauš, Jiří (advisor) ; Strouhal, Jiří (referee)
Tématem diplomové práce je finanční analýza podniku. Celá práce je rozdělena na dvě části. První část se zabývá teorií finanční analýzy (definice, cíle, uživatelé, informační zdroje, metody a techniky). V druhé části je prakticky aplikována vymezená teorie na příkladu společnosti z oboru telekomunikací.
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Charges for the use of railway infrastreukture
Ondrášová, Miroslava ; Ochrana, František (advisor) ; Nováček, Václav (referee)
Zmyslom diplomovej práce je hlbšie nahliadnuť do problematiky spoplatňovania a ukázať ako sa s ňou vysporiadali vybrané európske štáty. Konečným cieľom je na základe získaných informácií navrhnúť zmeny systému spoplatňovania železničnej dopravnej cesty na Slovensku tak, aby poplatok za použitie železničnej dopravnej cesty bol porovnateľný s poplatkami platenými v zahraničí. Diplomová práca začína uvedením legislatívneho prostredia vytvoreného európskymi železničnými balíčkami a tým ako sa ich podarilo implementovať v Slovenskej republike. Druhá kapitola predstavuje diskusiu o teórii spoplatňovania železničnej dopravnej cesty. Táto kapitola tiež ujasňuje dôvody a ciele spoplatňovania železničnej dopravnej cesty, ako aj problémy spojené so spoplatňovaním. Tretia kapitola predstavuje implementáciu legislatívy a teórie v praxi. Popisuje vybrané systémy spoplatňovania železničnej dopravnej cesty v Európe a končí ich spoločnou analýzou. Záverečná kapitola sa snaží aplikovať získané vedomosti a odporučiť Slovenskej republike vhodnejšie poplatky za použitie železničnej dopravnej cesty.
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Pragmatic Principles in Informal Interaction/Pragmatické principy v neformální konverzaci
PODANÁ, Alena
This thesis deals with performance and non-performance of the Grice´s Cooperative Principle and the Leech´s Politeness Principle in modern spoken language. In the theo-retical part both of these theories are introduced, described and explained using exam-ples from the corpus. In the practical part, the corpus, the Pilot episode of the TV series Parenthood, is analysed. First, the dialogues in corpus are analysed employing the Co-operative Priniple. Second, the dialogues in the corpus are analysed employing the Po-liteness Principle. The aim of this thesis is to show whether and to what extent employ-ing one theory impacts the other. The analysis of the effect of employing one theory on another is described in the last chapter of the practical part of this thesis.
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Conservation of paintings in Czech Republic and Italy 1945-1970. Comparison of methods of Czech restoration school with Italian theory of conservation-restoration
Jebavá, Jana ; Royt, Jan (advisor) ; Nejedlý, Vratislav (referee)
The paper aims to compare Czech and Italian theory of conservation - restoration by laying the grounds of methodological approach of the Czech Restoration School in the context of the Theory of Restoration by Cesare Brandi. First step is to define the modern concept of conservation - restoration as opposed to the traditional one. In the basis of modern approach there is a notion of the historical value of a monument, which leads to the postulate of complete respect for the original material. This ground was developed in Italy by the so called philological method of monument preservation, represented by architect Camillo Boito and art historian Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle. In MiddleEuropean countries, theories of Alois Riegl and Max Dvořák were of a crucial importance. A boom of scientific diagnostic methods applied to works of art served as another inducement for defining modern concept of conservatitionrestoration. In Italy, the center of research in this direction was the Istituto Centrale del Restauro in Rome, designed by Carlo Giulio Argan and Cesare Brandi. As the director of the ICR, Cesare Brandi was able to work up his theory of restoration in a direct contact with the actual experience of artwork restoration. In Czech Republic, the modern notion of restoration was being verified by Vincenc...
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