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Feral Pigeon (Columba livia f. domestica) Census in Selected Sites of Prague
Bukačová, Kateřina ; Řezníček, Jan (advisor) ; Štěpán, Jiří (referee)
This thesis deals with the monitoring of numerous rate of domestic pigeon (Columba livia f. Domestica, hereinafter referred to as pigeon) in a given area and its spatial activity. The work includes incidence monitoring of individual pigeons depending on daytime and weather. The monitoring was carried out by observational method in the period from February to May 2015. The observations were related to individuals who occurred the monitored area (the buildings in Dukelských hrdinů street). Furthermore, the work compares the results from population census of Prague pigeon and the results from census of other European cities. It was further investigated whether the amount of pigeons in the area is affected by abiotic conditions (air temperature and weather). The result of the thesis should contribute to better knowledge of overall pigeon rate determining in the capital city of Prague. The collected data may help to gain a deeper knowledge of the entire population ecology living in this territory. They can also be beneficial, for example, in reducing of the pigeon numbers or serve in other investigations. Key words: pigeon, Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica), abundance, monitoring, abiotic conditions, population
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Population dynamics of Red-crested Pochard (Netta rufina)
Poláková, Klára ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Storch, David (referee)
This study is aimed at analysis of long-term and short-term changes in numbers of Red-crested Pochard (Netta rufina) in Třeboň region. This species is increasing in long-term period and it is also spreading into new localities in the Czech Republic. There were recorded two waves of arrival of Red-crested Pochard arrive, i.e. in April and in May. The total numbers were decreasing at the end of breeding season (from the beginning of July) in study area. The water surface area and area of littoral vegetation were found to be the most important factors affecting preference of individual ponds in pre-breeding season. Furthermore, water transparency seems to be important factor affecting numbers of broods, ducklings and adults in post-breeding season. Low numbers of broods per 1 female were recorded in years with high numbers of Red- crested Pochard at the start of breeding season. However, the frequency of brood parasitism was higher in these years. Key words: Netta rufina, Red-crested Pochard, population dynamics, ducks, breeding, numbers, brood parasitism, south Bohemia
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Abundance-distribution relationship: the importance of ecological specialization
Farkač, Jan ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Reif, Jiří (referee)
6 Abstract The relationship between local abundance and regional distribution is a widespread ecological pattern. It is frequently reported to be positive, however exceptions have been evidenced. But the explanation is not clear at all. There are many of mechanisms explaining this relationship, from those related to statistical issues, those explaining it by metapopulation dynamics, to rates of ecological specialization, which are the most frequently considered. But it is likely that certain mechanisms work together. One of the principal hypotheses is the resource breadth hypothesis, which claims that generalists tend to be more abundant and widespread whereas specialists occur in small range and less abundant. There are two ecological relationships linked to ecological specialization. It is a niche breadth-range size relationship and niche breadth-abundance relationship. While the former is well documented, the information about latter is rather scarce. This thesis sums up existing studies about distribution-abundance relationship with a special focus on importance of ecological specialization. Key words: geographical distribution, local density, niche breadth, ecological specialization
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Telemetric monitoring of the feral pigeon ( Columba livia f. domestica) population in the Prague streets Plzeňská and Mahenova
Šimánek, Jakub ; Řezníček, Jan (advisor) ; Peške, Lubomír (referee)
The thesis studies the quantity of feral pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) and their daily activities in the locality of Smíchov in Prague. The research was focused on finding whether there is only one group of pigeons bound to the locality by daily activities connected to their consistent alimentary habits or whether there are two subgroups, one of them staying in the locality and the other one leaving to get food further from the city. A method of wing tags with further tracking and modern GPS telemetry was used for the research. A total of 10 birds was caught and marked by a wing tag and one subject was tracked by GPS telemetry. Using these methods, it was found that the pigeons are divided into two subgroups in the locality, one of them sticking to their overnight area even during the day and getting fed on garbage or by people and the other one leaving to get food on the fields 6km away from the city. In the sowing period, the whole group took part in leaving to get the food in the fields further from the city. Key words: feral pigeon, abundance, telemetry
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Abundance trends and range dynamics in European bats.
Žabková, Klára ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Lučan, Radek (referee)
Bachelor thesis sumarizes available data about bat abundance in middle Europe, especially in the Czech republic. Populations of bats are usually dynamic, which is given by their high sensitivity to environmental changes. Many of these changes are man made, for instance landscape management, agricultural intensification or disturbing bats during hibernation. Impact of global warming on bat abundance and range distribution is also discussed, because it could explain the occurance of mediterranean species Hypsugo savii in Moravia In my thesis, I focus on possible causes of strong population decrease of Rhinolophus hipposideros in 70's in the middle Europe, which led to establishement of monitoring programms accross Europe. Project "Monitoring bats in underground hibernacula" has started in Czechoslovakia in 1969, and it has provided valuable and relevant data. I also compare methods for monitoring bats, because there isn't any effective universal method for censusing all species under all circumstances, due to their specific behavioral habits. Counting bats in underground hibernacula appears to be the most efficient, especially for species such as Rhinolophus hipposideros, Myotis myotis and Plecotus spp. Statistic methods are used to estimate colony size, Lincoln-Peterson method seems to be the most suitable...
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Telemetric monitoring of the feral pigeon ( Columba livia f. domestica) population at the Karlovo namesti square in Prague
Kanov, Štěpán ; Řezníček, Jan (advisor) ; Novák, Jindřich (referee)
"A Telemetric monitoring of the feral pigeon ( Columba livia f. domestica) population at the Karlovo náměstí square in Prague" This thesis deals with both the monitoring of numbers in the pigeon (Columba livia f. domestica, "the Pigeon") sites in question and also the spatial definition of the daily activities of individual specimens using a telemetric system. Previous researches gathered data on population density and food routes usually obtained by observation. Therefore we believe it's important to supplement this data with spatial movement maps of individuals that cannot be obtained by observation but the telemetry system allows us to do so in certain time period. The data obtained from GPS trackers will be processed into daily spatial activity maps of the specimen. These data will hopefully help us to gain insight into the life of not just specific individuals, but will also allow us to derive spatial activity of the entire population living in the locality in question. The results will be compared with the results from the previous pigeon count. This knowledge can be useful to population control, or serve in other studies. Keywords: pigeon, abundance, telemetry
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The long-term trends in numbers and distribution of birds in the Czech Republic
Gebauer Fialová, Adéla ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Fuchs, Roman (referee)
The long-term changes in distribution and numbers of bird species in the Czech Republic were analysed using published data from Breeding Birds Atlases in the Czech Republic (1973-77, 1985-89 and 2001-03). Each species were categorized by taxonomical group, migratory strategies, biogeography type, breeding habitat, breeding population size in Europe and in the Czech Republic a body size. The changes in numbers and changes in distribution were inter-correlated Increase in distribution as well as in numbers were recorded in rare and large species, in species increasing in whole Europe and in bird species protected under Czech legislation. Interesting pattern in population was found in waterbirds, where piscivorous species are increasing, whereas other (mostly grebes, ducks etc.) species are decreasing.
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Abundance of house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and other synantropic species in small settlements around Prague
Řezáčová, Andrea ; Šmejdová, Lucie (advisor) ; Zasadil, Petr (referee)
In the surroundings of Prague, as well as in many other parts of Europe the population numbers of synanthropic species were reduced in recent years. These changes in abundance are attributed to the change of use of agricultural landscapes, the loss of small poultry farms and mainly a change in the character of the construction. The aim of this thesis was to ascertain the abundance of selected species of synanthropic birds and compared their numbers with the data obtained in 2012. In this study were also evaluated differences in the abundance of these species in the localities of old construction area and new construction area. There were selected 3 main leaders, house sparrow (Passer domesticus), tree sparrow (Passer montanus) and eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) from all monitored species for the statistical processing of the results. Census was carried out in a total of 40 squares, 20 of which was located in an old construction area and 20 in the construction of the new. All of the site lies in an area with a high degree of suburbanization in the central region an in around of Prague. The study
area covered an area of 200 x 200 meters and were visited a total of twice during the nesting period in the spring of 2015. The results show the preferences of the old buildings for the house sparrow and the eurasian collared dove. Tree sparrow was more numerous in the localities, characterizing the new housing development. For eurasion collared dove was observed increasing trend in abundance, while in both species of sparrows was recorded its decline. The most numerous species was the house sparrow with a total of 209 individuals, on the contrary, at least individuals, 23, was noted for european serin (Serinus serinus).
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VARIOBN IN WINTERING NUMBERS OF GREAT CORMORANT ON SELECTED ROOST SIZES IN CENTRAL BOHEMIA
Dušek, Ondřej ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Zasadil, Petr (referee)
The study is based on summarization of current knowledge on population development of Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) in Europe and in Czech Republic. Moreoverr, it is focused on assessment of methodical approach to monitoring of wintering population. The Great Cormorant is regularly wintering species in the Czech Republic, since 1985. Nevertheless, it exceeds 1000 individuals since 1993 up to now. The surveys aimed at Cormorant numbers are compared according, results and interpretation of outputs methodology. The compared surveys include both International Waterbird Census carried out by ornithologists and survey organized by Czech Anglers Association.
Moreover, the results of the own field survey are analysed in the paper. The field survey was carried out in Veltrubský luh (village Pňov Předhradí, district Kolín, Central Bohemia) during winter months (December to March) 2015/2016. The numbers varied between 0 and 79. The fluctuations were affected by tree cutting, walking of people as well as by direct cormorant disturbance by local anglers. Nevertheless, the numbers reached between 59 and 78 in days without disturbance. Moreover, regular occurrence of great Cormorants was confirmed also in another neighbouring sites, such as in Poděbrady lake, sand pit lake Samberk, lake Sadská and Žehuňský fishpond.
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